PRECEDENCE
NETWORK (PN)
Introduction
Precedence Network Analysis (PNA)
Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) or
Activity-on-node Network.
In CPM/PERT networks, activities are connected
according to the finish-to-start logic,
A PN incorporates the concept of delays (lags) while
depicting the relationship of various start and finish
activities.
The PN is best suited for planning complex
construction projects.
Precedent
Logic
Job logic Constraints
logic
Job dependency logic arises from the
shows the sequence in restrain on start and
which the jobs or completion of
activities progress activities imposed due
to construction
process at site.
FS FF
SS SF
Multiple PDM relationships
Example.
PN of raft foundation Code Description Dur
The various activities
involved in the raft A Excavation 4
construction are as B Blinding base 2
follows:
C Steel fabrication 5
Transportation of
D 1
rebar steel to site
Formwork setting
E and rebar fixing 3
Raft
F concreting 2
Forward Pass
EST of starting activity = 0
Activity A, Node – 1
EST1 = 0
EFT1 = EST1 + d1 = 0 + 4 = 4
Activity B, Node – 2
EST2 = EFT1 + delay = 4 + 2 = 6
EFT2 = EST2 + d2 = 6 + 2 = 8
Activity C, Node – 3
EST3 = 0
EFT3 = EST3 + d3 = 0 + 5 = 5
Activity D, Node – 4
EST4 = 5
EFT4 = (EST4 + d4 ) or (EST2 + 1FS) Greater one
= (5 + 1) or (6 + 1) = 7 Compute
till end
Backward Pass
Node No. Activity Duration LFT LST
6 F 2 12 10
5 E 3 11 8
4 D 1 8 7
3 C 5 7 2
2 B 2 8 6
1 A 4 4 0
Draw a Precedence network and
analyze…
Is this a precedence network?
Why softwares are required?
………..to avoid tedious calculations
Repetitive Works Network
The PNA technique can be usefully applied to
prepare the network plan of projects involving
repetitive works..
Network for construction of subsequent rafts can be
easily developed as follows:
Decide the order of priorities of construction of rafts.
Plan each construction activity into a work-team with the
assigned manpower, equipment and other resources
required for its completion.
What we have learnt uptill now in Scheduling?
1. Network analysis
CPM
AOA
AON ( Precedence)
PERT
2. Resource leveling/ smoothening …..Resource constraint scheduling
3. Crashing CPM schedule for Cost / ….Cost/ time optimized scheduling
time optimization
4. Updating CPM network
