Review Pack

Chapter # 3: Conservation of Natural Resources

SECTION A

Q1. Fill in the blanks. (5)

1. Conservation is not just an action it is an attitude.

2. A person who advocates the protection and preservation of the environment and wildlife is
_____conservationist__.
3. Desiccation is cracks in the dried up river bed that cause it to shrink.
4. Energy is obtained from ______fuel_______.
5. When fuel burns, ___energy__________ is released into the atmosphere.

SECTION B

Q2. Answer the following questions.

Answer the following questions.

a). Why is there a shortage of water even though 70% of the Earth is made up of water? (2)

Most of the water is sea water, inefficient water management and in places where proper sanitation is not
available, the fresh water can become contaminated and unfit for drinking.

b). What is the average daily human consumption of water in the world? (1)

Every day we drink about 417 million litres of water

Q3. Why it is important to conserve natural resources? (5)

Open Ended
For e.g We need to conserve natural resources to ensure that they are available to us as well as to future
generations, so that everyone can enjoy their benefits. These resources belong to all of us equally as does the
responsibility for using them wisely and sensibly.

SECTION C

Q1. Explain, how you can use three R’s for conservation of natural resources with examples. (3)

Open Ended (Refer to pg no 81)

Q2. Do you think water is the most important natural resource? Why? (5)

Open Ended (Refer to pg. no 83)

Q3. How would you run a campaign to create awareness about the dangers of the Climate change it should tell
people how they are contributing these problems and what they should do so that we can save the earth? (3)

Open ended

Share news and knowledge on social media, mention scientific research and evidence, hang up awareness posters.
Humans are increasingly influencing the climate and the Earth’s temperature by burning fossil fuels, cutting down
forests and farming livestock. Save energy at home (power your home with renewable energy), walk, cycle or take
public transport, invest in energy-efficient appliances, recycle more, plant more trees.
(contributions: greenhouse effect, Industry, air pollution, CFC gases, Global warming)

Create awareness: planting trees, less usage of harmful gases, use energy-based utensils etc.) done in class.
 FOREST
Q1. Fill in the blanks. (10)

1. Pakistan only about 4.8% of the total area forested which is very low.
2. The desired level of forests is 20-30% percent of the total area of a country.
3. Protection forests forest is mainly planted by people and usually linear.
4. Productive forests forest is mainly natural and where tree density is high and canopy is closed.
5. The Mangrove Forest species have gnarled and knobbly knees that protrude above the surface of salty mud.
6. Coniferous /Alpine forest trees features adapt to extreme cold climate.
7. Terracing farming steps are cut into steep hillside and the front of each flat terrace is edge with mud or stone
to hold back the soil and water.
8. Afforestation process of planting trees in a barren land which is devoid of vegetation to create a forest.
9. Contour ploughing is a method in which crops are planted parallel or along the contours to avoid soil erosion.
10. Strip farming is the farming in which two or more crops are grown in the same field.

1: (a) (i) How much of the total area of a country should be forested? [1]

Ans: 20-30 %

(ii) What is the difference between terracing and contour ploughing? [2]

Ans: In terracing the steps are cut into steep hillsides and the front of each flat terrace is edged with mud or stone
walls known as bunds while in cotour ploughing the crops are planted parallel to the contours on the sides of the hill.

(iii) Name an area in Pakistan where terracing and contour ploughing is practiced. [1]

Ans: Northern area ( Swat, Kalaam, )

 (iv). Describe two functions of forests. [2]

Ans: Forests are source of timber for the wood based industries like Furniture and paper industries. Forests are also
important as they provide natural habitat for the animals.

(b)(i) Why are the coniferous forests usually found in mountainous areas? [2]

Ans: The coniferous forests are found in the mountainous areas because these forests need cold temperature and
high amount of rainfall.

(ii) Write some uses of the coniferous forests? [4]

Ans: The coniferous forests provide timber for wood based industries. They provide shelter for wild animals. The
coniferous forests increases the scenic beauty of the area and attract tourists from within the country and outside
country. It also protect the land against the soil erosion and land sliding.

_____________________________________________________________________________

(c)(i) What are the reasons of deforestation in the northern areas? [3]

Ans: People cutting the forests for the fuel purposes because there is no natural gas. It can be cut because of the
construction of road and mining activities. The northern areas are having coniferous forests and these are important
for wood based industries so, people cut these forests to feed industries.

_____________________________________________________________________________

(ii) How can deforestation destroy the landscape of the northern areas? [2]

Ans: It destroys the land by turning it into a desert. It also destroys the scenic beauty of the area.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Q1 d. Describe two natural characteristics of mangrove forests. [2]

Ans: The two natural characteristics of the mangrove forests are that it filters maximum salt while absorbing water
from sea because of its special quality of roots. Some mangrove species have gnarled and knobbly “Knees” that
protrude above the surface of the salty mud in which the tree grows.
 Q2: Study the given
Fig

(a)Describe the
distribution of both the
areas with natural forests
and irrigated forests
shown
on the given Fig.

[4]

2 (a) (i) ‘Areas with

natural forests’ northern
mountains/northern
NWFP/Northern
Area/named area or
mountain range
(some on) Potwar
Plateau/Salt Range
western highlands/(western) NWFP/NW Pakistan/Afghan border
northern Balochistan (Plateau)/central Brahui Range
Indus delta/Hab delta/Sindh coast
Below snow line/4500m
Areas with wet climate/rainfall amount?
NOT mountains/hills/highlands etc.

(ii) ‘irrigated forests’ most by rivers/by Indus

6/7 in Punjab/most in Punjab/uip
1 in Lower Sindh/near Hyderabad/lower LIP
1 on border of Punjab and NWFP/confluence of Indus and Gomal
named plantation (max 1)

Reserve 1 for each group. Float of 2 marks. 4 @ 1

b.There has been deforestation within the areas with natural forests. How has this caused problems for:

(i) communication in the mountainous areas, [3]

*steep valley sides exposed/soil erosion occurs landslides

avalanches

flooding

eroded/broken up/destroyed/telephone wires grounded *

(ii) farming on the valley floors and plains, [3]

*steep valley sides exposed/soil erosion occurs

flooding
irrigation canals/channels blocked
less rainfall
salts in irrigation water – salinity
(coarse) sand and gravel deposited on fields crops destroyed

(iii) hydro-electric (hydel) powers supplies? [3]

*steep valley sides exposed/soil erosion occurs

decreases water/electricity supply/power supply
silt in reservoirs
rivers blocked
less rain
silt in intake pipes/turbines/power plant
landslides may break power lines
c. Linear plantations are common in many parts of Pakistan.

(i) What is linear planation and where are they found in Pakistan? [2]

definition: in a line planted by man

where found alongside canals/rivers alongside roads/railways along field boundaries etc.

(ii) Explain the purpose of linear plantations. [2]

prevent soil erosion

lower the temperature …

provide shade

fruit/food

firewood/timber

leaves/roofing

to reduce air pollution/make clean air

Q3: Study the given Fig.

(a) What type of forest grows in area F? [1]

Mangrove Saline soil/salt water in soil Tidal regular flooding Trees are adapted to this environment/have aerating
roots/roots filter salt/salt secreted

(b) Why is this type of forest only found in this area? [2]

Saline soil/salt water in soil

Tidal regular flooding

Trees are adapted to this environment/have aerating roots/roots filter

Salt/salt secreted
Q: 4(a) Study the given Fig., which shows a map of forest types in Pakistan.

(i) Name the forest types found in each of the areas A, B and C. [3]

A coniferous / alpine

B riveraine / bela

C mangrove

(ii) Explain why the forest type A grows naturally in cool, hilly areas. [3]

Can tolerate cold (with a thick bark)

Can tolerate poor / thin / dry soils

Can shed snow (with sloping branches etc.)

Can reduce water loss / transpiration (with needle-shaped / waxy leaves)

Can absorb water from melting snow (with shallow roots)

Can save energy (with evergreen leaves)

(b) Study the given Fig.

With reference to the given Fig., explain how deforestation can cause soil erosion. [4]
Soil is exposed / lack of protection from leaves and branches
Surface water flow carried soil away
Lack of infiltration into ground
Less water absorbed by roots / less evapotranspiration
No roots to hold soil
No leaf fall to add humus / fertility
Leaching of nutrients / nutrients lost
No new plants grow

(ii) Study the given Fig., which shows a coniferous tree.

Explain how this type of tree has adapted to the climatic conditions it grows in. You should develop your

answer. [4]

Ideas showing how the tree has adapted to the climate such as:

• Evergreen – no need to renew leaves / short growing season;

• Compact conical shape – stabilises the tree in windy conditions / releases snow / prevents snow accumulation;
• Needles instead of leaves – reduces moisture loss;
• Tall / straight trunk – in order to grow straight towards sunlight;
• Cones – protect seeds during cold months;
• Downward pointing branches – allows snow to easily fall off;
• Shallow root system – as soils are thin / subsoil is frozen for most of the year;
• Long / wide spreading roots – helps to anchor the tree against strong winds;
• Thick bark – protects from cold winds. Etc. Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark
for development (in parentheses). Note: Max. 2 marks if no development.
(Write in a paragraph )
 MINERAL
Q1. Fill in the blanks. (10)
1.Open cast Mining in which the first layer of earth is removed by shovels and
excavators and minerals are taken out.
2. An inorganic natural substance and one of the natural resources of a country is called Mineral.
3. Adit mining is a process in which a horizontal tunnel is dug into the earth crustto reach the mineral seam. It is
usually done in hilly area.
4. Shaft Mining is a form of underground mining using shafts driven vertically from the top
down into the earth to access ore or minerals.
5.Cement is used for lining of canals, making dykes in agricultural fields, building of reservoirs for irrigation etc.
6.Metallic Minerals minerals are rather more precious as they are used as raw material in high value industries.
7.Cement is made from the raw material like limestone gypsum and clay.
8.Chromite metallic mineral gives hardness and electrical resistance to steel.
9.In Wad area the quality of chromite is lumpy in nature and of high quality.
10.The chromite mining was started in year 1903.
 Q 1. (a) Study Figs 3 and 4 which give information about the extraction of three metallic
minerals in Pakistan in 2010–11.

(i)
(ii)How much iron ore was extracted in 2010–11? [1]

329000tonnes (accept 327000tonnes to 331000tonnes)

(iii) State the difference between the type of information being provided in Fig. 3 compared to
that in Fig. 4. [1]

Fig. 3 shows quantities/amounts/tonnes whereas Fig. 4 shows proportions/share/percentages of the total

amount (Bar v Pie alone = 0)

(b) (i) Give one use for the mineral chromite and name one area where it is extracted in
Pakistan. [2]

Uses in steel/bridges/railway carriages/furnace linings/tools

Areas are Muslimbagh /Zhob (Valley)/ Wad

(ii) What are the benefits of extracting mineral resources for local people and the national
economy.
[4]
Local people Employment opportunities
Higher/more stable incomes
Higher living standards/settled lifestyle
Business opportunities for local/ancillary industries/services
Improvement to local infrastructure such as roads/electricity (infrastructure alone = 0)
Local use of raw materials with example (do not double mark raw material in national
economy)

National economy
Raw material for named sectors of economy, e.g. energy, construction, agriculture, industry
Named raw material
Industrialization / industry developed
Revenue/taxes for government
Export earnings/contributes to balance of payments/source of foreign exchange/ exports
increase Reduces national debt/deficit
Reducing imports

(iii) Explain the effects of mineral extraction on the natural environment. [4]
Deforestation to clear land
Destroys habitat/wildlife/plants
Land deformation/destruction/destroys land
E.g. holes/pits/depressions/tips/spoil heaps/flooding
Ash waste/ash ponds/toxic waste
Subsidence even after mining activity finished
Noise pollution from machinery/blasting/scares/disturbs wildlife
Air pollution from dust and smoke
Water pollution – seepage into ground water/rivers/seas
Q2(a) Study Fig.3, which shows limestone and rock salt extraction.

(i) Describe the distribution of limestone extraction in Pakistan. [3]

Widespread
NWFP-Punjab border/Potwar Plateau
N(E) Baluchistan
S Sindh/near Karachi
Central Sindh

(ii) Limestone and rock salt are both called ‘bulky goods’. What is the cheapest form of
transport for these goods? [1]

Railway
 Pakistan International School Jeddah English Section
Department of Pakistan Studies [Session 2023-24]

(b) Nearly one million tons of rock salt was extracted in Pakistan during 2002.

(i) What is the mixture of rock salt and water called? [1]
Brine

(ii) What rock salt is used for in Pakistan? [2]

Cooking, preservation, soda ash, bicarbonate, caustic soda for tanning, textiles and laundries
Table salt
(Credit 2 uses, or one with development)

Q4. (a) Study Fig.1 which mineral extraction in 2008 in Pakistan.

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(i) Name two minerals shown on Fig that are used to make cement. [2]

1. Limestone

2. Gypsum

(ii) State two uses of Rock salt. [2]

Any two uses

Do not credit vague answers such as ‘food’ ‘chemicals’ ‘textiles’ ‘pharmaceuticals’ etc.
Two of the following (there may be others)
Food - Flavour, preserving, curing, table salt
Textiles - dyeing, bleaching, water softening,
Chemicals - Soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, artificial rubber,
Misc.- Tanning, household cleaner, fire extinguisher, artificial rubber, roads etc.

(iii) State the amount of Gypsum extracted. [1]

640 - 680 thousand tonnes

Study Fig.2 which shows chromite extraction in Pakistan.

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(i) Describe the change in extraction from 1992 to 2008. [2]

Increases overall
Variable overall / 1992-2008
comment on fall and rise from 1992-97/98
variable 1998 – 2004/5
Rises from 2004-2008 / sharp rise in 2007
Secondary peak 1996-1998 / rises then falls 1996-1999
Lowest 1994
Figures to illustrate one of the above (max 1) eg. 28,000-115,000 tonnes 1992-2008

(ii) Suggest why the extraction of minerals varies from the years 1992 to 2008? [3]

Investment /
funding Demand /
orders Bankruptcy / companies leave
Problems with machinery Reserves reducing /new reserves exploited /geological problems
Terrorism

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(b) Study photograph A, which shows a quarry in Pakistan.

(i) Use the photograph and your own knowledge to describe the environmental problems
that can be caused by mineral extraction. [4]

From photograph - loss of vegetation / deforestation

Land deformation / piles of rocks /pits
Loss of soil
Dust
Own knowledge-smoke / gasses
Soil erosion
Loss of farmland / grazing / no cultivation
Holes / pits etc.
Noise / vibration (reserve one mark for reference to photograph)

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(ii)How can these problems be reduced? [4]

Laws / legislation+ details

Tree planting / screens + details
Land restoration + details
Personal health and safety – eg wearing masks against the dust, ear defenders, regular medical
checkups, etc (allow up to two marks for each line)

(iii)To what extent can more extraction of minerals resources help to increase
development in Pakistan.
[3]

Increase trade / exports / reduce imports

Raise GDP/GNP/ increase the economy
Increase employment
Raise taxes/ government earnings
Foreign investment
Rural development
Industrialisation / more industry
Better infrastructure + example
Provides more fuel or raw material + example.
Education / skills Against

Lack of funds
Lack of machinery / technology
Unattractive to investors
In remote areas
Lack of infrastructure ( but do not double mark)
Competition from other countries / other countries safer
Environmental damage
Lack of skills / expertise

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d. (i) List few of the problems faced by the Mining Industry of Pakistan. [3]
Answer on Pg 90

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

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FISHING

Q1. Fill in the blanks.

(11)

1. Pakistan has a coastline divided into Sindh and Makran coast.

2. In Sindh, Karachi is the main fishing center.

3. On the Makran coast Gwadar is the most important fishing spot

4. Fish farms are rectangular man-made ponds for breeding fish.

5.Subsistence fishing is when the fisherman and his family consume the fish they catch.

6.Fish waste is used to make fertilizer and poultry feed.

7.The development of the value added products such as canned or frozen fish by providing fish
processing facilities.

8.The coastal wetlands are considered productive areas they provide nutrients to the
organisms living in marshy lands.

9.Fish communities started fish breeding and this is called fish farming or Aqua culture.

10. Sustainable fishing means leaving enough fish in the ocean, respecting habitats and
insuring people who depend on fishing can maintain their livelihood.

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Q2: Study the given photograph which shows part of a fish farm at Faiz, south of Multan.

(i) Describe the lay-out and features of the fish farm. [4]

flat area

flooded

banks (of earth)/bunds

about 1 metre high fields

(scattered) trees/bushes on banks

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(ii) How has the physical topography of the area made it easy to construct the ponds?
[3]
Any 4 points described properly
Farming using natural rainfall/flooding
can only be carried out after flooding/must wait for floods
farmers have no control of water supply/rain variable
seasonal /continuous cropping rarely possible
higher banks/bunds have to be built to hold as much water as possible when it comes
(usually) can only grow coarser grains/millet (bajra)/sorghum
(jowar)/pulses
lower yields/output
variable yields/outputs
further floods could destroy seedlings/standing crop
less advanced/traditional methods
annual floods supply nutrients
smaller farms
(iii) Where has the material come from that has been used to make the banks of the
ponds? [1]

From the area dugout for the ponds

(b) Why is fish farming of growing importance in Pakistan? Credit will be given if you name a
species of fresh water fish reared on fish farms. [4]

Fish bred:

Grass/Moore/Rahu/silver/palla/trout/carp

Why:

- Growing population

- Lack of protein in diet/important part of the diet

- Education on nutrition
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- Fish are rich in protein/low
PakistaninInternational
cholesterol School Jeddah English Section
Department
- Provides alternative income of Pakistan Studies [Session 2023-24]
for farmers

- Provides employment

- Water available from irrigation schemes/lakes/reservoirs

Q:3 (a)(i) Name two fishing ports on the coast of Balochistan. [2]

Jiwani, Gwadar, Pasni, Ormara, Sonmiani

(ii) Name two types of marine fish caught by fishermen. [2]

Shark
Herring
Drum
Mackerel
Croaker ,Sardine ,Cat fish ,Pomfret ,Skate Ray
(iii) Describe subsistence fishing methods. [3]

Small/wooden boats
Sailing/rowing boats
Traditional/hand made nets
Coastal only
Lack of machines/simple engines
Rod and line method
Fish kept in baskets of ice
(iv) Explain how these methods can be improved to make fishing commercial. [4]

Engines
Gill netters/nylon nets/stronger nets
Can go further offshore
Radios
Chilled storage on boat
Trawlers
Loans for ---
Education/training for------

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(d)(i) How can fish be stored and processed onshore? [3]

In ice/cold storage/refridgerated
Gutted
Canned
Dried
Frozen
Salted
Fish-fingers/other product
Fish oil
(ii) Why is fish processing called ‘value-added’? [1]

Can be sold for more money/more profit

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Qf: Study the given Fig., a map of environmental damage in Pakistan.

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(i) Locate one area of

A unsafe drinking water [1]

Makran coast/Gwadar district, SE Sindh, W Balochistan

B marine pollution

Indus delta, Karachi, Korangi, Port Qasim [1]

(ii) Explain how this pollution affects fishing. [2]

contamination of sub-soil water and irrigation,

contamination of mangrove environment,

toxic chemicals cause mutation and death,

entering food chain,

oil kills seabirds

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Q1: Study the given Fig., which shows a map of the coast of Pakistan.

(i) Name on the map, two of the ports shown. [2]

Jiwani, Gawadar, Pasni, Ormara and Karachi.

(ii)Name two types of fish caught in the sea near Pakistan. [2]

1 sharks 2 Drums

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Q2 Study the given Fig., which shows the contribution to Gross National Product (GNP) of the
fishing industry in Pakistan.

(i) What was the contribution to GNP of the fishing industry in 2010? [1]

56 million rupees

(ii) By how much has this figure increased since 2006? [1

26 million rupees

(iii) What is meant by ‘over-fishing’? Why does it occur? [3]

over-fishing is when more fish are caught than replaced naturally

too many fish caught
small fish caught
too young to breed
caught in breeding season.
3: (a) Describe fish marketing in Pakistan. [3]
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Page 102

(b) State three ways in which fish can be stored and processed before sale. [3]

(1) Fish can be salted and dried.

(2) Fish can be stored in ice storages or refrigeration facility.

(3) Fish can be packed in canned form after processing.

(4) Fish oil can be extracted from fish and fish meat can be frozen.

(c)(i) A. Name a species of fish reared on a fish farm. [1]

Salmon, tuna, cod, trout, shrimp,Palla ,Thalla,Manaseer

B. Give two uses for the products of fish farms. [2]

• Fish is source of nutritious (healthy) white meat and has low cholesterol.

• Oil extracted (taken out) from fish is source of nutrition.

• Fish waste is used to make fertilizer and poultry feed.

(ii) Describe the methods used to rear fish on fish farms. [3]

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iii: Why is water pollution a major problem in the fishing industry? [4]

(1) Overfishing has decreased quantity of fish catch in sea; many types of fish have became
extinct.

(2) Water pollution and oil spills have affected fish production.

(3) Loss of breeding areas and shelter due to deforestation of mangrove forest.

(4) Fishing is closed in breeding season.

(5) Fishing on large scale by foreign boats in marine water of Pakistan.

(6) There is a ban on canned fish of Pakistan by Western countries

iv:Study the above Fig.

Explain the problems of fishing industry in Pakitan? [3]

Water pollution,Threat to Mangrove, Lack of Financial Resources,over fishing .(Refer to

textbook for further explanation as done in class).

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SECTION A

Q1. Fill in the blanks. (8)

1. Aquifers are a body of permeable rock, which can contain or transmit groundwater.
(blank from the terms of conservation of natural resources)
2. Portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries river basins.

3. K2 is the highest peak of Karakoram Range.

4. Tirich Mir is the highest peak of Hindukush.

5. Pakistan can be divided into 6 major topographical areas.
6. Avalanches are huge masses of snow that move down the slope.
7. Bannu Valley is located at to the East of Waziristan Hills in Western
Mountains.
8.Balochistan Plateau is located in the west Pakistan.

Q2. Answer the following short Question:

a. Name 5 Major rivers of Pakistan. (5)
Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi & Sutlej.
b. List different types of sand Dunes. (3)
Longitudinal, latitudinal and Transverse.
c. Name the highest peak of Himalyas.

Nanga Parbat is the highest peak.

d. What is a glacier? Name the 3 famous Glaciers of Pakistan. (3)

A Glacier is a tongue shaped mass of ice moving slowly down a valley. Baltoro, Batura &
Siachen.

e. Name the 2 important valleys of the Northern Mountains. (2)

Swat, Chitral, Dir.

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Q 3. Identify the following images. (4)

Oxbow lake Meanders

Plateau

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SECTION B
Q4 Compare the following. (4)

Learn 4 each

Upper Indus Plain Lower Indus Plain

It is located in the northern part of the Indus Plain. Located in the southern part of the Indus Plain.

River Indus and its major tributaries flow here. The River Indus flows alone.

(b) ) (4)

Inland drainage Open drainage

Starts from a hill or mountain and does not ends at Starts from mountains and ends at sea.

sea.(dries out).

They are seasonal rivers (only when t rains). They are annual rivers (keep water throughout the

year).

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Q5. Explain the future prospects of Balochistan Province. (4)

The mineral resources, in which the province is quite rich, should be developed. Sheep and

goats should be raised on modern scientific lines. Deep-Gwadar Port and Saindak Copper-Gold

project should be utilized to improve the economy of the province. Development of fishing

industry by using latest technology could lead to its further development.

Q6. What are the major problems the people living in Northern mountains (3)

Harsh climate effects people’s lives, no outdoor activities. No agriculture because the land is

buried under snow. Roads and passes are closed in winter. Low literacy rate (Lack of education).

Poor infrastructure facilities (bridges and roads etc). Shortage of electricity.

Q7. Study the given picture which shows a part of Potwar plateau Describe the Relief

features of Potwar Plateau shown in the picture. (4)

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Bad land topography, dissected and eroded to physical and human factors for eg. Heavy

monsoon, thunderstorm and poor farming (over grazing). Residual hills, troughs and

depression. Faulted land (cracks due to mountains building process). Rich in non-metallic

minerals like rock salt, gypsum, limestone, coal and oil.

Q8. Study the given map of Pakistan carefully and answer the questions below . (5)

I. “A” Name of the Plateau located in west.

Balochistan Plateau.

II. “B” Name of mountain ranges.

Western Mountains.

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III. “C” Name of Plateau located to the south of Islamabad.

Potwar Plateau.

IV. “D” Name of mountain ranges.

Northern mountains.

V. “” E” Name of desert.

Kharan desert.

Q9. List down the topographical /relief features of Indus Plain. (3)
Active floodplain, Old floodplain, Alluvial terraces, Piedmont plains, Tidal delta and Rolling sand
plains.

Q10. What are the major problems the people living in Northern mountains (3)

As above (repeated)

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Q11. Label the major rivers of Pakistan on the table provided below. (5)

1. Indus
2. Sutlej
3. Ravi
4. Chenab
5. Jhelum

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Department of Pakistan Studies [Session 2023-24]

SECTION C

Q1. Imagine, if you were living in the Desert areas of Pakistan what problems you
will encounter during your stay? [4]
Lack of water and constant erosion of land by strong winds does not allow many productive
human activities. Lack of agriculture or farming due to sandy soil and lack of water. Dependent
on Livestock/cattle breeding. Lack of job opportunities. Lack of educational facilities.
Unhygienic food and water for drinking. Not properly built houses, which get damaged due to
sand storms or rainfall.

Q2. Think and explain how the Indus Plain topographical features influence the Economic
activity and life style?
[4]

Flat & undulated land with alluvium suitable for agriculture/farming. Industries (Chemical,
cotton etc), for job opportunities, large foreign and domestic market. Well- developed
infrastructure and education facilities. Dense transportation network (Roads, Railway, Air
transport). The topography of the Indus Plain is supporting more than 80 percent of the
agriculture in Pakistan. Farming is done throughout the year. Well-developed canal irrigation
system (provides water throughout the year)

Q12. In your opinion why atmosphere is vital for life on earth? (5)

Open ended

It protects the Earth from harmful radiations, falling meteors and Debris from outer space, it is
packed with gases that are essential for life on Earth, it is a source of fresh water & generate the
weather around the globe.

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