Relational Data Base Course

Chapter 1
Introduction To RDBMS
By Prof. Ashwini A. Satkar
 Contents
• Introduction to popular RDBMS product and their
features

• Difference Between DBMS and RDBMS

• Relationship among application programs and RDBMS

 What is RDBMS?
• RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management
System.
• It is basically a program that allows us to create, delete
and update a relational database.
• A Relational Database is a database system that stores
and retrieves data in a tabular format organized in the
form of rows and columns (tables, fields and records).
• It has the capability to handle larger magnitudes of
data and simulate queries easily.
• Most RDBMS use SQL as database query language.
• The most popular RDBMS are MS SQL Server, DB2,
Oracle and MySQL.
 Data Redundancy
It is defined as the redundancy means duplicate data and it is also
stated that the same parts of data exist in multiple locations into
the database. This condition is known as Data Redundancy.

Problems with Data Redundancy :

Here, we will discuss the few problems with data redundancy as
follows.
• Wasted Storage Space.
• More Difficult Database Update.
• It will lead to Data Inconsistency.
• Retrieval of data is slow and inefficient.
• Example –
Let us take an example of a cricket player table.
• Step-1 :
Consider cricket player table as follows.
 Player Name Player Age Team Name Team ID
Virat Kohli 32 India 1

Rohit Sharma 34 India 1

Ross Taylor 37 New Zealand 2

Shikhar Dhawan 35 India 1

Kane Williamson 30 New Zealand 2

Step: 2 We can clearly see that the Team Name and Team Id are repeated at
multiple places. we can make a separate table to store this information and reduce
data redundancy.
Player Name Player Age Team ID
Virat Kohli 32 1

Rohit Sharma 34 1

Ross Taylor 37 2

Shikhar Dhawan 35 1

Kane Williamson 30 2
Step-3 :
This is known as Normalization used to reduce Data Redundancy.

Team Id Team Name

1 India
2 New Zealand
 Data Inconsistency
• When the same data exists in different formats in
multiple tables. This condition is known as Data
Inconsistency.
• It means that different files contain different
information about a particular object or person.
• This can cause unreliable and meaningless
information. Data Redundancy leads to Data
Inconsistency.
• Example –
If we have an address of someone in many tables and
when we change it in only one table and in another
table it may not be updated so there is the problem of
data inconsistency may occur.
 Difference between Data Redundancy
& Data Inconsistency

Topic Data Redundancy Data Inconsistency

It will be applicable It will be applicable
when the duplicate when the duplicate
Condition data exists in data exists in
multiple places in different formats in
the database. multiple tables.
we can use
we can use
constraints on the
normalization to
How to minimize it? database to
minimize Data
minimize Data
Redundancy.
Inconsistency.
 Advantages of RDBMS
• Easy to manage: Each table can be independently
manipulated without affecting others.
• Security: It is more secure consisting of multiple levels
of security. Access of data shared can be limited.
• Flexible: Updating of data can be done at a single
point without making amendments at multiple files.
• Users: RDBMS supports client side architecture storing
multiple users together.
• Easy Data Handling: Data fetching, Data redundancy,
Data consistency. Facilitates storage and retrieval of
large amount of data.
• Fault Tolerance: Replication of databases provides
simultaneous access and helps the system recover in
case of disasters, such as power failures or sudden
shutdowns.
 Disadvantages of RDBMS
• High Cost and Extensive Hardware and Software
Support: Huge costs and setups are required to
make these systems functional.
• Scalability: In case of addition of more data,
servers along with additional power and memory
are required.
• Complexity: Voluminous data creates complexity
in understanding of relations and may lower down
the performance.
• Structured Limits: The fields or columns of a
relational database system is enclosed within
various limits, which may lead to loss of data.
 Relational Database Management Systems
(RDBMS)
• Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) are essential
tools used in storing, managing, and retrieving data efficiently.
• Some of the popular RDBMS products and their features include:
Oracle Database:
• Known for being very reliable and strong.
• It can handle big amounts of data and keeps it secure.
MySQL:
• Simple to use and doesn’t cost much.
• Works fast and can be used with different systems.
Microsoft SQL Server:
• Made by Microsoft and works well with other Microsoft tools.
• Keeps data safe, helps in making business decisions and handles a
lot of data.
PostgreSQL:
• Free to use and can be changed to fit different needs.
• Good for handling complex data.
 Difference Between DBMS and RDBMS
DBMS RDBMS
1)In DBMS data stored as a file. 1)In RDBMS data stored in a tabular
format.
2) Individual access of data elements 2) Multiple data elements are accessible
3) DBMS does not support distributed together
database. 3) RDBMS supports distributed
4) DBMS does not apply any database.
security with regards to data 4) RDBMS defines the integrity
manipulation. constraint for the purpose of ACID.
5) DBMS is meant to be for small 5) RDBMS is designed to handle large
amount of data. it
organization and deal with small supports multiple users.
data. it supports single user. 6) Normalization is not achievable.
6) Normalization is present in DBMS. 7) Data in the form of a table are linked
7) No connection between data together
8) The software and hardware 8) The software and hardware
requirements are low requirements are higher
9) Example: file systems, xml ,Microsoft 9) Example: mysql, postgre, sql
server, oracle etc.
Access etc.
 Relationship among Application Programs and RDBMS

• Application program can be any application which is used to perform

some specific task as per the user’s requirement.
• Examples of application programs include web browsers, games, and word
processors

• RDBMS is one kind of application program that is specially used to store

data of multiple user. Like – Hospital management system , Your College
management system storing data of students into some specific database
eg - Oracle, MySQL server.
• An application program can be a desktop, web app or a mobile phone app
which stores its data in a database. This database can be a relational
database (RDBMS) like MySQL or a NoSQL database like MongoDB.

• An application program must be precompiled with the appropriate

Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) precompiler and linked
to appropriate RDBMS libraries.
THANK YOU!!!