Notes for Class 9 ICSE Students: Condi onal Statements in Java
Introduc on
Condi onal statements in Java control the flow of execu on based on certain condi ons.
These condi ons evaluate to either true or false.
Based on the result, specific code blocks are executed or skipped.
Normal Flow of Control
In Java, the program executes statements sequen ally by default.
This is referred to as the Normal Flow of Control.
Condi onal Flow of Control
1. if Statement
o Executes a block of code only if the condi on is true.
o Syntax:
if (condi on) {
// Code to execute if condi on is true
o Example:
int age = 18;
if (age >= 18) {
System.out.println("You are eligible to vote.");
2. if-else Statement
o Executes one block if the condi on is true, another if it's false.
o Syntax:
if (condi on) {
// Code to execute if condi on is true
} else {
// Code to execute if condi on is false
}
o Example:
int num = 5;
if (num % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println("Even number");
} else {
System.out.println("Odd number");
3. if-else-if Ladder
o Checks mul ple condi ons sequen ally.
o Syntax:
if (condi on1) {
// Code for condi on1
} else if (condi on2) {
// Code for condi on2
} else {
// Code if none of the above condi ons are true
o Example:
int marks = 85;
if (marks >= 90) {
System.out.println("Grade: A");
} else if (marks >= 75) {
System.out.println("Grade: B");
} else {
System.out.println("Grade: C");
4. Nested if Statements
o An if statement within another if.
o Syntax:
if (condi on1) {
if (condi on2) {
// Code to execute if both condi ons are true
o Example:
int age = 20;
int income = 30000;
if (age >= 18) {
if (income >= 25000) {
System.out.println("You are eligible for a loan.");
5. System.exit(0)
o Terminates the program immediately.
o Syntax:
System.exit(0);
o Example:
System.out.println("Exi ng program.");
System.exit(0);
Mul ple Branching of Control
1. switch-case Statement
o Selects one block of code to execute from mul ple op ons.
o Syntax:
switch (expression) {
case value1:
// Code for case value1
break;
case value2:
// Code for case value2
break;
default:
// Code if none of the cases match
o Example:
int day = 3;
switch (day) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Monday");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Wednesday");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid day");
2. Fall Through in switch-case
o If the break statement is omi ed, control falls through to subsequent cases.
o Example:
int num = 2;
switch (num) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Case 1");
case 2:
System.out.println("Case 2");
case 3:
System.out.println("Case 3");
}
// Output:
// Case 2
// Case 3
3. Menu-Driven Programs
o Use switch-case to create programs that offer choices to the user.
o Example:
import java.u l.Scanner;
public class MenuExample {
public sta c void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Menu:");
System.out.println("1. Add");
System.out.println("2. Subtract");
System.out.println("3. Mul ply");
System.out.println("Enter your choice:");
int choice = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter two numbers:");
int num1 = sc.nextInt();
int num2 = sc.nextInt();
switch (choice) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Sum: " + (num1 + num2));
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Difference: " + (num1 - num2));
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Product: " + (num1 * num2));
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid choice");
Key Points to Remember
if statements are used for simple condi ons.
switch-case statements are used for mul ple, fixed values.
Use break to prevent fall-through in switch-case.
Nested if statements and if-else-if ladders allow handling complex condi ons.
System.exit(0) terminates the program immediately.
