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The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W9, 2019
8th Intl. Workshop 3D-ARCH “3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures”, 6–8 February 2019, Bergamo, Italy

3D DATA PROCESSING TOWARD MAINTENANCE AND CONSERVATION. THE

INTEGRATED DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF CASA DE VIDRO
M. Balzani 1, F. Maietti 1 *, L. Rossato 1
1 University of Ferrara, Department of Architecture, Ferrara, Italy, (bzm, federica.maietti, luca.rossato)@unife.it

Commission II

KEY WORDS: 3D Integrated Survey, Documentation, Point cloud processing and analysis, Modernist Heritage, Brazil

ABSTRACT:
During the last decade, 3D integrated surveys and BIM modelling procedures have greatly improved the overall knowledge on some
Brazilian Modernist buildings. In this framework, the Casa de Vidro 3D survey carried out by DIAPReM centre at Ferrara University,
beside the important outputs, analysis and researches achieved from the point cloud database processing, was also useful to test several
awareness increasing activities in cooperation with local stakeholders.
The first digital documentation test of the Casa de Vidro allowed verifying the feasibility of a full survey on the building towards the
restoration and possible placement of new architectures into the garden as an archive-museum of the Lina Bo and P.M. Bardi
Foundation. Later, full 3D integrated survey and diagnostic analysis were carried out to achieve the total digital documentation of the
house sponsored by the Keeping it Modern initiative of Getty Foundation (Los Angeles). Following its characteristics, the survey had
to take into consideration the different architectural features, up to the relationship of architecture and nature.
These 3D documentation activities and the point cloud processing allowed several analysis in a multidisciplinary framework.

1. INTRODUCTION point cloud processing, integrated with diagnostic assessments,

were performed within a multidisciplinary framework.
In order to face the challenge of the preservation of modern Heritage management is a strong interdisciplinary filed involving
buildings, public bodies and professionals should be able to pick many actors in the complex process that, starting from the
the right tools for the documentation, monitoring and yearly documentation, leads to the preservation, enhancement and
maintenance of these architectures. According to this aim, the 3D sustainable exploitation of assets. Holistic and critical researches
surveying methodology developed over the years by the and an inclusive interdisciplinary approach are more and more
DIAPReM Centre (Development of Integrated Automatic needed. This approach was essential to develop a conservation
Procedures for Restoration of Monuments) has been addressed management plan of Casa de Vidro based on the 3D survey,
also to point cloud processes and analysis aimed at diagnosis and digital documentation and diagnostic analysis.
planning of restoration project in Brazil. These activities, since
2003 has highlighted the need of conscious flexibility and a smart 1.1 Casa de Vidro
vision by deep knowledge of buildings, also in terms of digital
data. These data should be used as a base for students and Casa de Vidro by the Italian architect Lina Bo Bardi is a result of
academics (not only in Brazil) for further analyses on both built the Twentieth Century global exchange of architectural ideas and
and unbuilt architectures or more specific research on the forms over the centuries by the geographical movements and
Modernist architecture even from afar. The 3D integrated survey migrations of architects and engineers. Brilliant young architects
is of great importance in this process of knowledge toward a real such as Affonso Eduardo Reidy (from France to Brazil), Clorindo
scheduled maintenance program. The cooperation with the Testa (from Italy to Argentina), Gregory Warchavchic (from
scanners manufacturers in Brazil has shown how it could be Italy to Brazil) and many others brought abroad the European
possible to use expensive tools even in medium budget projects. modern construction methods and patterns the which were
This could help to improve the spreading out of new technologies replicated in a diversity of cultural, geographical and climatic
in heritage field in Brazil and the creation of a laboratory net able contexts. Pattern of formal transfer were not always
to develop autonomously local methodologies for the straightforward, with inventive combination of local influences.
preservation of Modernist buildings. Among these Lina Bo and her husband Pietro Maria Bardi were
This paper summarizes the research activities carried out through responsible for relevant interventions in the Brazilian cultural
an integrated digital documentation procedure on the Casa de scene (Acayaba, 2011). Pietro lead MASP (São Paulo Art
Vidro in São Paulo, Brazil, by the renowned architect Lina Bo Museum) and invested in forming the musicological sector in the
Bardi. The aim of the data capturing and processing was to country. Architect Lina acted on different sectors such as design,
support and enhance the knowledge of this masterpiece of education, cinema, fashion and the environmental consciousness.
Modernist architecture fostering conservation and maintenance The Casa de Vidro, the first building to be completed by Lina Bo
actions. Bardi (1951) became an icon of Modernist architecture and
After a short introduction describing the main features of the represents an everlasting innovative thinking and lifestyle of the
House, an overview about related works in the field of couple: simple, engaged, filled with diversity, possibilities and
preservation of Modern architectures is presented, focusing on beauty (De Oliveira, 2006). The house has an important affinity
the state of the art regarding the application of integrated with the work of the masters such as Le Corbusier (ville Sovoye)
technologies for modern buildings preservation. A detailed even if it appears more linked to the nature if compared with the
description of the applied methodology of digital documentation buildings designed by the French-Suisse architect. It is frequently
of Casa de Vidro is followed by the description of the data inserted in history of architecture books as one of the most
processing and analysis. The 3D documentation activities and the interesting examples of glass houses along with Glass House by

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 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W9, 2019
8th Intl. Workshop 3D-ARCH “3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures”, 6–8 February 2019, Bergamo, Italy

Philip Johnson (1946-1949) and Farnsworth House by Mies Van

Der Rohe, built in the same period (Figure 1). Slim metal
columns support the front of the house, which is defined by the
horizontal planes of floor slabs: nothing blocks the view, the
house interprets the relationship of architecture and nature as
Lina applies to a building’s contact with the ground.
An essential granite staircase with a thin metal structure that leads
to the door highlights the main access to the house. The entrance
is a prelude to the huge open space lounge, paved with a mosaic
floor, from where the landscape is framed by the big windows
and the curtains in a vibrating connection with the trees of the
garden (Brown, 2000) designed by Lina to slowly grow up and
protect the house from the strong sun light of Sao Paulo. The
house is thus seen as a transparent box floating in the midst of
nature (Cavalcanti, 2003).
Beside the big glass module of dining hall the rest of the house
has dormitory and service areas, which occupy the three later
modules and configure the massive and opaque part of the house.
The dorms are adjacent to the living room and the service area
forms the last module to the north. Connecting these two tracks
is the kitchen, which along with another open patio, wider than
that of the living room, conform the central strip of this massive
portion of the residence. The patio is once again an essential
element for the comfort of the house, allowing ventilation of all
the bedrooms. On the first floor, there are also the machine areas
and the garage. The Lina’s studio was built later in 1986 using
wood and clay tiles. It is located in the middle of the tropical
garden, nowadays completely surrounded by the lush vegetation.

2. RELATED WORKS

Modern buildings are, for their innovative concepts, shapes and

materials are very often badly maintained or even demolished.
“The explosion of building technology starting in the late
nineteenth century led to innovative building forms and
construction materials that now pose new conservation
challenges. This theme explored the approaches needed to
advance the field in relation to environmental, technical, and
physical conservation” (Normandin et al., 1996).

2.1 The preservation of Modern Architectures

Figure 1: From above, Glass House by Philip Johnson (1946-
During the last decades local, national, and international 1949), Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe (1945-1951)
organizations have been created in order to conserve modern and Casa de Vidro by Lina Bo Bardi (1950-1951)
heritage: among these Docomomo International, the Modern
Heritage Committee of the Association for Preservation Nevertheless, even if many efforts have led to a better
Technology (APT), the ICOMOS International Scientific preservation of some 20-century buildings, according to Susan
Committee on Twentieth-Century Heritage, modern Asian Macdonald “Considering twenty-five years of practice and all
Architecture Network. This wide range of institutions / that has been achieved, it would be easy to surmise that modern
organizations demonstrates an interest toward the recent built heritage is well loved, cared for, and conserved. However, many
architecture of 20th century. In this framework the work important twentieth-century places remain unprotected. There is
developed by Docomomo International since its establishment in still little research addressing common technical problems
1988, has been hugely influential in creating a network of impeding the repair of these buildings. With the termination of
academics and professionals willing to preserve the Modern the Conservation of Modern Architecture course - a partnership
Cultural Heritage. The institution is still enhancing the practice of various Finnish institutions and ICCROM - there is no
of modern architecture preservation and simultaneously aims to dedicated training on the subject at an international level, and
conserve the legacy of modern architects. there are only isolated opportunities at national levels”
In the 1990s professional organizations such as APT and (Macdonald, 2001).
government heritage agencies in Europe and North America Heritage professionals do not always have enough scientific data
started to organize conferences and workshops and issue on the nature and behaviour of these materials and systems to
publications on technical issues and all these materials were the develop the necessary protocols for conservation treatment
basis for a continuous development of an international practice (Ioannides et. a., 2016).
supported also by ICOMOS International Scientific Committee To address these challenges, the Getty Foundation in Los
on Twentieth-Century Heritage. Since 2000s, many other Angeles, USA, developed Keeping It Modern, a grant initiative
organizations have also been working in a variety of ways to that continues our deep commitment to the conservation of
improve the quality of knowledge in this area of conservation. historic buildings. Keeping It Modern supports grant projects of

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 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W9, 2019
8th Intl. Workshop 3D-ARCH “3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures”, 6–8 February 2019, Bergamo, Italy

outstanding architectural significance that promise to advance basis to investigate in detail the formal characteristics, geometric
conservation practices. textures and surface features (Balzani et al., 2017).

2.2 Application of integrated technologies for modern

buildings preservation 3. DEVELOPED METHODOLOGY

As stated by Yehuda Kalay, Thomas Kvan, Janice Affleck in New The first test survey of Casa de Vidro has been developed in 2016
Heritage: New Media and Cultural Heritage, “the complement within the cooperation framework between the São Paulo
of traditional methods to cultural heritage management has been University (especially with Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo
augmented with the introduction of digital or new media. […] – IAU São Carlos – and Prof. Renato Anelli), the Instituto Lina
Digital media can be utilized for much more than re-creation or Bo and P.M. Bardi (São Paulo) and the DIAPReM research
re-presentation of physical entities. It has the capacity to become center.
a tool to capture both the tangible and intangible essence of These first quick campaigns of laser scanner surveys allowed to
cultural heritage and the society that created or used the sites”. verifying the feasibility of a full survey on the building
(Kalay et al., 2008). (Bianchini et. al., 2018) towards the restoration and possible
The application of such techniques may bring a wide and insertion of new architectures into the garden as an archive-
common evolution, influencing preservation and enhancement museum of the Foundation (Figure 2).
policies of cultural heritage currently adopted in Brazil with the Along this phase the advanced decay of the garden’s retaining
optimization of management strategies and improvement of walls designed by Lina required a particularly targeted survey,
knowledge on modern heritage. Moreover, if metric accuracy and which will allow the preliminary assessment of the state of
photo realism are also taken into consideration, the 3D models conservation of the structures.
are of course a powerful tool in particular for archaeological and Due to the needs for a preventive, scheduled maintenance plan
architectural applications (Manferdini & Remondino, 2010) based on specialized technical surveys to avoid an uncertain
Within this framework the work carried out by Wilson Florio future of emergency interventions and ad hoc spot repairs, Casa
(Florio et al., 2004) and Ana Tagliari (Tagliari, 2012) in Brazil in de Vidro was granted under the Getty Foundation Keeping it
recent times was able to focus the attention on both built and Modern Program, and so in 2017, a full 3D integrated survey
unbuilt residential architectures through digital tools such as 3D (Ramos and Remondino, 2015) - both laser and topographic - and
modelling. diagnostic analysis was planned and carried out by the same
The modern heritage is slowly becoming a tourism attraction and partners to achieve the total digital documentation of the house.
despite challenges and lost opportunities the tourism flows would Following its characteristics, the survey had to take into
need to be managed and very well calibrate to preserve the right consideration the different architectural features, up to the
balance between conservation and enhancement. As identified by relationship of architecture and nature (Pritchard, 2017).
J.T. Dallen (Dallen, 2009) one of the most frequent threat to Due to overall complexity of the architecture, its environment,
cultural heritage sites (in global south countries) is the lack of and the external features (vegetation, materials, structural
management plans. In order to achieve an effective management features and conservative conditions) the geometric,
system of cultural heritage buildings several digital tools can be morphometric and diagnostics documentation of Casa de Vidro
useful if properly adapted to modernism features and materials. was performed by integrating different procedures:
Among these tools the three-dimensional survey has always been - 3D laser scanner survey by time-of-flight technology (Laser
proved to be essential to represent areas that would be otherwise Scanner Leica P20 and P30) to obtain a high-accuracy 3D metric
impossible to analyses, for example elevations surrounded by model;
trees, and to find plan matches essential to understand the - Topographic survey (Leica Total Station TS11 1” R 1000), for
architectural “philosophy” on which the designers has based the scan-registration procedure and the definition of the local
realization of a project. reference system;
In the representative phase there is a motivational value, which - On-site analysis and photographic documentation of the
makes the survey-representation a real project itself, with building, surroundings and overall state of conservation as the
significant critical implications aimed at the determination not base for diagnostic assessment for defining the state of
only of geometric precision but, especially in architecture, of conservation of the surfaces.
visualization and conceptual representation of reality. The 3D
survey can be strong tool for future conservation projects of
modernist buildings and it will preserve the memory of these
extraordinary architectures (Georgopoulos, 2017). Furthermore,
the 3D laser scanner survey is consistent with the digitalization
process that is being carried out by many Foundation Archives,
one of the priority in order to create drawings archive for
researchers and academics willing to explore the modernism
research field.
There is a strong need of multinational projects able to improve
the capacity of local professionals in modern heritage
preservation and management field. Learning-by-doing activities
able to take advantage of cooperation between different
institutions play a key role in heritage preservation in former
developing countries (Kappagoda, 2002). For instance, the
cooperation project between the Department of Architecture at
University of Ferrara and FUSP foundation at USP (Sao Paulo,
Brazil) through digital representation and advanced analysis has
stressed the importance of having a point cloud model of the Figure 2: Interior view of Casa de Vidro during the data
external concrete surfaces of modernism building. This was the capturing procedure

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 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W9, 2019
8th Intl. Workshop 3D-ARCH “3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures”, 6–8 February 2019, Bergamo, Italy

3mm / 50m, linear error <1mm, maximum acquisition distance:

120m). On the external portions no particular difficulties have
been detected in data acquisition; however, great attention was
paid to the garden paths (sometimes less accessible due to the
inclination of the ground). A detailed topographic survey (based
on targets acquisition) composed of open polygonal with control
points for the targets was also completed (carried out by Leica
total station TS11 R1000). The survey campaign has been
documented by a detailed photographic survey.

General info

Mission start 23 January 2017

Mission end 11 February 2017
Days of work 14 working days
Hours of work 168 working hours
Technicians 2

Survey data

Equipment Leica P30 and Leica total

station TS11 R1000
Time of data capturing 135 hours
Number of scan stations 197
Number of targets 296
Number of points 8.430.499.869
(coordinates)

Table 1: Survey data and information

In total, 135 hours of data capturing were performed on site, 197

scans were carried out, and 296 targets were used; the total
measured coordinates were 8,430,499,869.
Figure 3: External view of Casa de Vidro during the data The alignment phase allowed the recording and the combination
capturing procedure of the data: the resulting 3D model is made up of more than 8
million points (xyz coordinates) which refer to a system of local
coordinates (Table 1). In addition, the individual points are
3.1 Digital documentation accompanied by a specific intensity value.
The overall cloud can be queried at any time both in the source
As already mentioned, despite similarities of Casa de Vidro with software (Leica Cyclone 9.2.0) and in many other software
architectures by Mies Van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, it appears compatible with the original imp format. The registration phase
less metaphysical and more linked to the nature. Following its followed the on-site metric survey of the house and it took more
characteristics, the survey had to take into consideration the than one month to be completed.
different architectural features: from the slim metal columns The analysis phase dealt with the topic of visual and analytical
supporting the front of the house, which is defined by the querying of the data. The process placed therefore a preventive
horizontal planes of floor slabs, to the relationship of architecture constraint on the obligatory determination of useful and
and nature (Figure 3). necessary reference plans in order to extract data in the form of
The second 3D survey allowed also the study of the structure of horizontal and vertical sections for understanding morphology
the house, designed to disappear with its 17 centimetres diameter relations (Pavlidis et. al., 2007).
of pipe columns and the light staircase hanged in the air giving a The relations that link the wall thicknesses to the huge window
mobile and provisional feeling about its fragile design, a solution frames according to the xy cutting planes (horizontal sections)
also used later for the MASP project (De Oliveira, 2014). and the relations that bind the patio and the slim columns on the
The survey carried out in 16 working days was based on a xz-yz cutting planes (longitudinal and transversal vertical
multiple methodological integration in order to obtain a set of sections) were accurately determined.
data to be critically investigated in depth:
1) 3D scanner survey aimed at generating a point cloud model; 3.2 Data processing and analysis
2) detailed topographic survey of the homology points;
3) high-resolution photographic survey aimed at an overall and After the data acquisition steps, data processing (Weinmann,
detailed documentation of the house’s state of conservation. 2016) and analysis of the intensity values obtained by 3D
The scanner stations points were selected so the individual scans scanning were performed as a support for mapping the state of
could gather the most metric information and the highest number conservation (Gonçalves et. al., 2017).
of homology points (target) allowing, subsequently, a better These 3D documentation activities and the point cloud
alignment during registration. processing allowed several analysis in a multidisciplinary
The three-dimensional survey was performed using a Leica P30 framework:
scanner (speed: 1mln points / s, accuracy on single measurement: - the study of the structure of the house, designed to “disappear”
into the surrounding environment;

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 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W9, 2019
8th Intl. Workshop 3D-ARCH “3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures”, 6–8 February 2019, Bergamo, Italy

Figure 4: The integrated data acquisition methodology applied

during the digital documentation of Casa de Vidro, and the main Figure 5: Casa de Vidro and the relationship with the landscape:
outputs achieved on the top, image extraction from 3D database of the house, (A)
the garage (B), and the Lina Bo Bardi’s office (C)
- the setting up of a scanning methodology: the house is
nowadays surrounded by greenery from all sides and this was one
of the major difficulties during the survey.
The winding paths in the gardens provided numerous routes for
a walk but many trees were more than an obstacle for the laser
during the operations (Figure 5);

- the analysis of the relations among architecture and landscape:

the project is designed to fit the topography of the site by
exploiting the full potential in terms of isolation and immersion
into the nature and, at the same time, let the vegetation enters and
appropriates architecture, integrating with it. Thanks to several
cross-sections extracted from the database this relation is finally
precisely determined;

- point cloud processing and analysis aimed at the assessment of

the state of conservation mainly regarding the effects/damages of
vegetation on the building.

While dealing with the database, it became even more clear the
strong unity between the outside and the inside, the natural and
the artificial that is expressed through the integration between the
house and the hill where it is located, one of the driving forces of
the design. It was not just a matter of creating a beautiful setting
around the dwelling; by looking at the garden she planned, the
data showed how she wanted to make the house part of the
landscape.
The project is designed to fit the topography of the site by
exploiting the full potential in terms of isolation and immersion
into the nature and, at the same time, let the vegetation enters and
appropriates architecture, integrating it. Thanks to several cross Figure 6: Identification by point cloud analyses of concrete
sections extracted from the database this relation is finally cracks on external walls due to vegetation pressure
precisely determined.

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 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W9, 2019
8th Intl. Workshop 3D-ARCH “3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures”, 6–8 February 2019, Bergamo, Italy

3.3 Diagnostic assessment by processing the intensity value parameters (environmental conditions, scanner technical
characteristics, angles of different scan position during the
The house is currently facing some problems regarding the survey, etc.).
deterioration of materials (Cacciotti et. al., 2015). One of the
main degradation issues is the besetting of vegetation, which is
growing on external walls and on horizontal surfaces due to the
local climate, making some cracks visible due to the vegetation
pressure (Figure 6). The digital survey campaign, including the
external areas and the garden, has been integrated by a diagnostic
survey to map the state of conservation and the main degradation
issues (Kioussi et. al., 2012).
After a first general inspection of the whole building, a
macroscopic analysis of deteriorations has been implemented on
the basis of the nomenclature of the UNI Normal 1/88
recommendation (Figure 7). The result of the visual analysis will
be related to the surface specifications surveyed by means of the
3D laser scanning and particularly through reflectance data
(Balzani and Maietti, 2008).

Figure 7: Main degradations affecting the surfaces of part of the

house identified during the on-site diagnostic survey

The vegetation, deliberately integral part of the architecture,

determines some consequences, while the presence of moisture
damages the building’s state of conservation, especially along the
external wall of the lower floor.
Besides vegetation, the main degradations surveyed on external
surfaces are:
- biological patina and biological crust;
- chromatic alteration;
- surface deposit;
- lacuna;
- deformation and detachment.
The main deteriorations on interior surfaces concern:
- lacuna and deformation of the plaster;
- moisture stains and biological crusts.
The knowledge of the main deterioration issues as an additional
“level” of the integrated survey allowed a precise mapping of the
detected damages to contribute to conservation actions. In
addition to the macroscopic on-site visual recognition of the main
deteriorations affecting the house, the digital geometric model
(point cloud) was the basis for processing the intensity values
acquired by laser scanning (Table 2). This procedure was an
essential integration to the macroscopic investigations in order to
manage additional information related to surface characteristics
displayable on the point cloud. This data processing has been
applied to some representative areas of external surfaces of the
house (Figure 8). Chosen samples were selected on the basis of
the main significant surface specifications (considering both
materials/architectural features and state of conservation), Figure 8: Elaboration of intensity values of the point cloud of
surfaces where an in-depth analysis was interesting and Casa de Vidro, processed by several parameters and aimed at
significant for the overall assessment. The set of intensity values’ visualizing and analysing surface specifications (see Table 2)
analysis on the point cloud was performed considering different

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 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W9, 2019
8th Intl. Workshop 3D-ARCH “3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures”, 6–8 February 2019, Bergamo, Italy

Intensity values Getty grant allowed different 3D analysis developed in

cooperation with the international staff involved into the project.
Image Method Min Max Gamma This study was only possible due to the helpful support on-site of
Istituto Lina Bo e P.M. Bardi (São Paulo, Brazil). The effective
cooperation with the colleagues of Instituto de Arquitetura e
A multi hue 0.0013 0.9994 0,45 Urbanismo (São Carlos, Brazil) has been crucial for the
B multi hue 0.15 0.95 0,45 development of the analyses and the technology transfer. In
C multi hue 0.20 0.50 0,45 particular the authors of this contribution would like to express
D grayscale 0.25 0.60 0,45 their deepest appreciation to Prof. Renato Anelli and Prof. Ana
E grayscale 0.24 0.90 0,65 Lúcia Cerávolo (IAU, USP), whose contribution in stimulating
suggestions and encouragement during the on-site data capturing
Table 2: Intensity values data tested during the post-processing and the final phases of data sharing was immensely supportive.
in colours from scanner and greyscale visualization
Credits
Project: DIAPReM research centre, University of Ferrara,
4. CONCLUSIONS Department of Architecture
Scientific coordinator: Prof. Marcello Balzani
The applied methodology has been developed in order to support Project coordinators: Arch. Luca Rossato, Arch. Ana Lúcia
maintenance and conservation procedures. This approach is Cerávolo
focused on an effective data usage for decision making related to Survey coordinator: Arch. Daniele Felice Sasso
conservation and preventive interventions and for supporting site Diagnostic survey: Arch. Federica Maietti
management and sustainable exploitation by integrating Photo survey: Arch. Laura Abbruzzese
condition assessment survey based on predictive analysis Scientific partners: Instituto Lina Bo e P.M. Bardi (São Paulo,
(diagnostic, conservative, morphometric) and non-destructive Brasile), Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo (São Carlos,
procedures (Kioussi et. al., 2015). Brazil)
Beside the massive amount of 3D data and related drawings, one Technical support: Leica Geosystem Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, San
of the main outputs of the project was also aimed at technology Carlos, São Paulo)
transfer to allow the staff of IAU (Institute of Architecture and In cooperation with: Consorzio Futuro in Ricerca
Urbanism of Sao Carlos) getting familiar with the integrated
digital approach (Balzani et. al., 2018). In order to achieve an
effective methodology transfer on activities of diagnosis of the REFERENCES
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