Care of the handicapped children
&
Juvenile Delinquency
Thomas Kyaw
MBBS (Ygn), MPH (Umea), Dip in SRHR (Lund)
Today’s agenda
• Definition of a handicapped child • Definition of juvenile
delinquency
• Classification
• Types
• Preventions • Causes
• Myanmar figures • Preventions
• Controls
Definition of a handicapped child
• Children with an impairment or
other circumstances that are
likely to interfere with
• normal growth and development
or
• with the capacity to learn
• Those who need special care,
treatment & education due to
deviation from “normal”
Classification
• Physically handicapped
• Blind, deaf, mute, harelip, cleft palate, crippled (polio, cp, burns, etc)
• Mentally handicapped
• Feeble-minded, mental retardation
• Psychologically handicapped
• Orphans, maternal deprivation, mal-adjusted child, emotional
deprivation
Is Autism a mental handicap?
We want every
child to a
normal growth.
Primary prevention
Ø Genetic counselling Ø Healthy choice to prevent birth defects
Ø Immunization Ø Nutrition (e.g. folic acid to prevent
Ø At risk approach neural tube defect)
Ø Others (amniotic fluid assessment)
Secondary & tertiary Prevention
Aim: to bring handicapped children as possible as close to
normal growth (physical, mental & social)
• Medical rehabilitation: treatment of seizures, infections,
mental illness & behaviour disorders
• Physical rehabilitation: surgery for malformation, exercise
therapy for joints, educating patients to maintain physical
status, application of external appliances & splints & sign
language for vision loss, speech therapy, etc
• Vocational rehabilitation: train to expertise in painting, music,
weaving, wood-work, pottery
• Social rehabilitation: no discrimination, providing assisted
devices (wheelchairs), disability-friendly transportation
Myanmar figures: Social welfare services
• Child welfare
• Youth welfare
• Women welfare
• Care of the aged
• Rehabilitation of disabled
• Rehabilitation of ex-drug addicts
• Rehabilitation of socialisation baggers (vagrants)
Myanmar figures: Schools for disabled person
• School for disabled (adult), Mayangone, Yangon
• School for the Blind, Kyeemyintdine, Yangon
• School for the Blind, Sagaing
• School for deaf and dumb, Mandalay
Voluntary training schools
• School for the Blind, Insein, Yangon
• School for the Blind Pakhokku, Magway
• Deaf and dumb school (Mary Chapman), Dagon, Yangon
Myanmar figures: Training provided at school
• Cane & bamboo work
• Weaving
• Massage
• Advance astrology
Juvenile Delinquency
Shooting rampage by a 14-year-
old boy inside Siam Paragon,
Bangkok, Thailand on 3rd October
2o23.
Definition
Juvenile: A boy (<16 yrs) or a girl Delinquent: A child who has
(<18 yrs) committed an offence
• Anti-social behaviour by children E.g.
& young persons (10-17 yrs)
which offends against the laws of • Theft
the country. • Sexual assault
• Murder
• Burglary
• Inflicting injuries to others
Delinquency is not merely juvenile crime!
All deviations from normal youthful behaviour & including incorrigible, ungovernable,
and habitually disobedient.
Those who desert their homes
Mix with immoral people
Those with behavioural problems & indulge in anti-social practices
Highest incidence
age - ≥ 15 years
Sex – Boys have 4-5 times higher incidence than girls
Types
1. Acquisitive tendency: an amazing amount & a variety of materials
are stolen, complex motivation, most of the crime nature
2. Aggressive tendency: against a person or intimate objects
3. Sexual tendency: prostitution, perverted behaviour
4. Tendency to escape: truancy from school, running away from school
Causes
1. Biological: Hereditary defect, feeble-mindedness, physical defect &
glandular imbalance, chromosomal abnormalities (Extra Y
chromosome XYY men are linked to severe personality disorder
2. Social
1. Broken home – death of parents or stepmother
2. Disturbed home conditions – poverty, alcoholism, parental neglect,
ignorance, too many children, lack of moral teaching, lack of
discipline, etc
3. Community factors – attitudes towards crimes
3. Others: absence of recreation facilities, cheap recreation, sex thrillers,
urbanization, slum dwelling
Prevention
1. Improvement of family life: a well-adjusted family, stable family life,
parents should be prepared for parenthood, need of children should
be appreciated & met
2. Schooling: nest to home in the community in ordering behaviour of
the children, Healthy teacher-pupil relationship, Teacher - detect
early signs of maladjustment
3. Social welfare services: Recreational facilities, parental counselling,
child guidance, education facilities & adequate general health services
Control
1. Discharge – absolute or conditional
2. Care of local authority: Best form of placement after a period of
assessment, Placement in groups (approved school), At home under
supervision, Special training
3. Probation: The child must be bound over to the care of some adult
usually a person who is responsible for his good behavior
4. Approved home: Care by an approved welfare officer, provision
officer, local authority or child care service
5. Borstals: > 15 yrs – a period of supervision
6. Fine (Not an effective form)
7. Attendance: The child is required to attend for a stated number of
hours, the accent is an occupational, therapy or physical training
8. Detention centres: For 14 – 20 yrs offenders, detention for 3 – 6
months
Thank you for your attention!
