CLASS : XII SESSION: 2024-25

TEST TERM 1- PHYSICS (THEORY)

Time : 3 Hrs CODE - 042-A Max. Marks - 70

General Instructions:
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section
D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion
Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two
marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section
D contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E
contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
few questions . You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 × 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 x 10–19 C
iv. µ0 = 4 × 10–7 Tm A–1
v. h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
vi. 0 = 8.854 × 10–12
vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole

SECTION - A
Q1. Which of the following is not the property of an equipotential surface?
(a) They do not cross each other.
(b) The work done in carrying a charge from one point to another on an equipotential surface
is zero.
(c) For a uniform electric field, they are concentric spheres.
(d) They can be imaginary spheres.
Q2. An electric dipole placed in an electric field of intensity 2 × 10 5 N/C at an angle of 30° experiences
a torque equal to 4 Nm. The charge on the dipole of dipole length 2 cm is
(a) 7 mC (b) 8 mC (c) 2 mC (d) 5 mC
Q3. Two charges of 8µC each are separated by 20cm. What charge should be placed at the mid-
point of the line joining these charges so that the system of all the three charges is in
equilibrium?
 (a) 16µC (b) -16µC (c) 2µC (d) -2µC
Q4. Applied voltage and voltage across resistor and inductor in an LCR series circuit is 80V, 80V
and 20V. Find the voltage across capacitor.
(a) 20V (b) 40V (c) 60V (d) 80V
Q5. An electron is moving along positive x-axis in a magnetic field which is parallel to the positive
y-axis. In what direction will the magnetic force be acting on the electron?
(a) Along –x axis (b) Along –z axis (c) Along +z axis (d) Along –y axis
Q6. The relative permeability of a substance X is slightly less than unity and that of substance Y is
slightly more than unity, then
(a) X is paramagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic (b) X is diamagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic
(c) X and Y both are paramagnetic (d) X is diamagnetic and Y is paramagnetic
Q7. An ammeter of resistance 0.81 ohm reads up to 1 A. The value of the required shunt to increase
the range to 10 A is
(a) 0.9 ohm (b) 0.09 ohm (c) 0.03 ohm (d) 0.3 ohm
Q8. Electrical conductivity of semiconductor:
(a) Decreases with the rise in its temperature.
(b) Increases with the rise in its temperature.
(c) Does not change with the rise in its temperature
(d) first increases and then decreases with the rise in its temperature.
Q9. The large scale transmission of electrical energy over long distances is done with the use of
transformers. The voltage output of the generator is stepped-up because of
(a) reduction of current (b) reduction of current and voltage both
(c) power loss is cut down (d) a and c both
Q10. The diagram below shows the electric field (E) and magnetic field (B) components of an
electromagnetic wave at a certain time and location.
The direction of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave is
(a) perpendicular to E and B
(b) parallel to both E and B
(c) parallel and in the same direction as E
(d) parallel and in the same direction as B
Q11. If in a circular coil A of radius R, current I is flowing and in another coil B of radius 2 R, a
current 2 I is flowing; then the ratio of the magnetic fields BA and BB produced by them will be
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) 4
Q12. A parallel plate capacitor with oil in between the plates (dielectric constant of oil is 2) has a
capacitance ‘C’. If the oil is removed, what will be the new capacitance
(a) C/ 2 (b) C/2 (c) 2C (d) 2C
For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given -one labelled Assertion (A) and other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as
given below.
(a ) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of
Ass e rt i on .
(b ) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Q13. Assertion (A): The self inductance of a coil depends on the rate of change of current flowing
through the coil.
Reason (R): There is no similarity between inertia and self inductance.
 
Q14. Assertion (A): Gauss’s law of magnetism states that the flux of B through any closed surface
 
is always zero.  s B d S  0 .
Reason (R): Magnetic monopoles do not exist.

Q15. Assertion (A): The surface charge densities of two spherical conductors of different radii
can be equal.
Reason (R): Surface charge density is equal to charge per unit volume.
Q16. Assertion(A): There is no current in the metals in the absence of an electric field.
Reason(R): Motion of free electrons are randomly directed in the absence of an electric
field
SECTION-B

Q17. A square shaped current carrying loop MNOP is placed near a straight long current carrying
wire AB as shown in the fig. The wire and the loop lie in the same plane. If the loop experiences
a net force F towards the wire, find the magnitude of the force on the side ‘ NO’ of the loop.

Q18. Two metallic rods, each of length L, area of cross A1 and A2, having resistivities l and 2 are
connected in parallel across a d.c. battery. Obtain the expression for the effective resistivity of
this combination.

Q19. When an inductor is connected to a 200 V dc voltage, a current of 1A flows through it. When
the same inductor is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac source, only 0.5 A current flows. Calculate
the reactance of the inductor.

Q20. The resistance of the platinum wire of a thermometer at ice point is 5 ohm. and at steam point
is 5.23 ohm. when the thermometer is inserted in a hot bath, the resistance is 5.795 ohm.
Calculate the temperature of the bath.

Q21. Describe briefly the process of transferring the charge between the two plates of a parallel
plate capacitor when connected to a battery. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a
capacitor.
OR

A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery to a potential difference V. It is disconnected

from battery and then connected to another uncharged capacitor of the same capacitance.
Calculate the ratio of the energy stored in the combination to the initial energy on the single
capacitor.
 SECTION-C
Q22. Obtain expression for the average power of an inductor only ac circuit.

Q23. Charges (+q) and (–q) are placed at the points A and B respectively which are a distance 2L
apart. C is the midpoint between A and B. What is the work done in moving a charge +Q along
the semicircle CRD.

Q24. Give one example each of a diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substance. With the
help of diagram explain what happens when these materials are placed in a uniform magnetic
field.

Q25. A wire of uniform cross-section and resistance 4 ohm is bent in the shape of square ABCD.
Point A is connected to a point P on DC by a wire AP of resistance 1 ohm. When a potential
difference is applied between A and C, the points B and P are seen to be at the same potential.
What is the resistance of the part DP?

A B

D P C
Q26. The given figure shows a long straight wire of a circular cross-section (radius a) carrying steady
current I. The current I is uniformly distributed across this cross- section. Calculate the
magnetic field in the region r < a and r > a.

Q27. Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which:

(a) produces heating effect,
(b) is absorbed by the ozone layer in the atmosphere,
(c) is used for studying crystal structure.
Write any one method of the production of each of the above radiations.

Q28. (a) Define mutual inductance and write its SI unit.

(b) Two circular loops, one of small radius r and other of larger radius R, such that
R >> r, are placed coaxially with centres coinciding. Obtain the mutual inductance of the
arrangement.
OR
Two long straight parallel current carrying conductors are kept ‘a’ distant apart in air. The
 direction of current in both the conductors is same. Find the magnitude of force per unit length
and direction of the force between them. Hence define one ampere.
SECTION-D
Case Study Based Questions
Q29. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
In conductors, some of electrons are free to move with in the bulk material. In the
absence of electric field, these electrons are moving with thermal speeds. The directions of these
electrons are completely random and thus on average there is no net flow of current. When the
electric field is present electrons gets accelerated and move with average velocity.
(i) The average velocity of electrons, in the presence of electric field is know as:
(a) Drift velocity (b) Thermal velocity
(c) Critical velocity (d) Terminal Velocity
(ii) Which of the following relation for drift velocity is correct:
em eE emE mE
(a) (b) (c) (d)
E m  e
(iii) A 5V potential difference is applied across a conductor of length 1 m. The drift velocity
of electrons is 2 × 10–4 m/s. If length of the conductor is made 2m, the drift velocity of
electron will be:
(a) 2 × 10–4 m/s (b) 10–4 m/s (c) 4 × 10–4 m/s (d) 8 × 10–4 m/s
(iv) Two conductors of equal length are connected in series combination. If ratio of their
area of cross section is 3 : 2, then ratio of drift velocity of electrons of two conductor will be:
(a) 3:2 (b) 2:3 (c) 9:4 (d) 4:9
Q30. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
A moving coil galvanometer consists of a coil of many turns free to rotate about a fixed axis, in a
uniform radial magnetic field. There is a soft iron core which helps to achieve specific nature of
magnetic field. A spring attached with the coil provides counter torque that balances magnetic torque.
A galvanometer can be used as a detector to check current flowing in the circuit. A galvanometer
cannot be used as such to measure current and voltage.
(i) A galvanometer cannot be used as such to measure current flowing in the circuit, because:
(a) It is a very sensitive device (b) Its resistance is very high
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b)
(ii) A radial magnetic field is used in a galvanometer, because it:
(a) makes the galvanometer less sensitive (b) produces uniform torque
(c) makes galvanometer scale linear (d) both (a) and (c)
(iii) A galvanometer of resistance ‘G’ can be converted into a voltmeter of range (0–V) volts by
connecting a resistance ‘R’ in series with it. How much resistance will be required to make the
range of voltmeter to (0–2V) volts.

(a) RG (b) RG (c) 2R + G (d) 2R – G

2 2
(iv) If 5% of main current is required to produce full scale deflection in a galvanometer of resistance
G, then the resistance of shunt connected in parallel will be:
G 31 19 G
(a) (b) G (c) G (d)
19 19 31 20
SECTION -E

Q31. (a) Write the expression for the equivalent magnetic moment of a planer current loop of
area A, having N turns and carrying a current I. Use the expression to find the magnetic
dipole moment of a revolving electron.
 (b) A moving coil meter has the following particulars: Number of turns = 24, Area of the
coil equal to 2 x 10-3m2 magnetic field strength = 0.2T, Resistance of the coil = 14  .
Indicate a simple way to increase the current senstivity of the meter by 25%. If in doing
so, the resistance of the coil increases to 21  , is the voltage senstivity of the modified
meter greater or less than the original meter ?
OR
(a) A long solenoid with air core has n turns per unit length and carries a current I. Using
Ampere's circuital law, derive an expression for the magnetic field B at an interior
point.on its axis. Write an expression for magnetic intensity H in the interior of the
solenoid.
(b) The electron in hydrogen atom moves with a speed of 2.2 x 10 6 m/s in an orbit of radius
5.3 x 10-11m. Find the magnetic moment of the orbiting electron.

Q32. (i) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air present
between the two plates.
(ii) Obtain the equivalent capacitance of the network shown in figure. For a 300 V supply,
determine the charge on each capacitor.

OR
(i) A dielectric slab of thickness ‘t’ is kept between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor with
plate separation ‘d’ (t < d). Derive the expression for the capacitance of the capacitor.
(ii) A capacitor of capacity C1 is charged to the potential of V0. On disconnecting with the battery,
it is connected in parallel with an uncharged capacitor of capacity C 2 . Find the ratio of energies
before and after the combination is made ?

Q33. (a) Draw graphs showing the variations of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance
with frequency of applied ac source.
(b) Draw the phasor diagram for a series LRC circuit connected to an AC source.
(c) When an alternating voltage of 220V is applied across a device X, a current of 0.25A
flows which lags behind the applied voltage in phase by /2 radian. If the same voltage
is applied across another device Y, the same current flows but now it is in phase with
the applied voltage.
(i) Name the devices X and Y.
(ii) Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is applied across the
series combination of X and Y.
OR
(a) A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source. Using the vector diagram, derive the
expression for the impedance of the circuit.
(b) Plot a graph to show the variation of current with frequency of the ac source, explaining
the nature of its variation for two different resistances R 1 and R2 (R1 < R2) at resonance.
 Solutions term1 tsta

Ans1. (c) For a uniform field, equipotential surface

A A1 A2
is a plane perpendicular to the field.  
l 1l 2 l
Ans2. (c)   pE sin   q (l ) E sin 
A A12  A2 1
 4 
q  2
 2 mC  12
lE sin  2 x 10 x 2 x 10 5 x sin 20
12 ( A1  A2 )
Q q Q 
Ans3. (d) A r/2 C r/2 B A12  A2 1
r
Since the system is in equilibrium, force on charge at B Ans19.V = 200V, I = 1A, so R  200
can also be taken as zero.
FBC  FBA  0 Now, EV  200V , IV  0.5 A

kQq kQ 2 EV
( r / 2) 2
 2 0
r
or q = -Q/4 = 2C ZL   400
IV
Ans4. (a) V = 80V, VR = 80V, VL = 20V.

When V = VR VL  VC  20V R 2  X L 2  400

Ans5. (c) Fleming’s Left Hand Rule. X L  200 3  346.4
Ans6.(d)
Ans20.To = 0oC, Ro = 5, T100 = 100oC,
IgG 1 x 0.81 R100 = 5.23, R = 5.795, T = ?
Ans7.(b) S    0.09
I  Ig 10  1 R100  Ro

Ro T100  To 
Ans8.(b)
Ans9.(d) R  Ro

Ans10.(a) Ro  T  To 

R100  Ro R  Ro
o I 
BA Ro  T100  To  Ro T  To 
Ans11.(c)  2R  1
BB  o 2 I 5.23  5 5.795  5

2.2 R 100  0 T 0

Ans12.(b) In medium, capacitance will be twice as K = 2. T  345.65o C

Ans21. During charging of capacitor, electrons move from
one plate to battery and plate gets positively charged.
Ans13.(d)
Electrons from the battery move to the other plate, giving
Ans14.(b) it a negative charge.
Ans15.(c) When small additional charge dq is added, the work done
Ans16.(a) dW is given by dW V.dq
 o I1 I 2 L  o I1 I 2 L q
Ans17.Force on ON =  dW  dq
2(2 L) 4L C
q
 o I1 I 2 L q
Force on MP =
2L
W  C dq
0

 o I1 I 2 L o I1 I 2 L  o I1 I 2 L
Net force F    1 q2
4L 2L 4L W
Hence force on ON can se said to be F
C 2

1 1 1 1 q2
Ans18.   W
R R1 R2 2 C

1 1 1 1 q2 1 1
  U or U  CV 2 or U  qV
l 1l 2l 2 C 2 2
A A1 A2
Ans22.Let the alternating emf applied to an ac circuit is
kq k (q ) kq kq 2kq
E  Eo sin t VD     
AD BD 3L L 3L
If the current developed lags behing the voltage by a phase
angle  , then I  I o sin(t   )  2kq  2kqQ
W  Q 
 3L  3L
Power at any instant is given by P  EI
Ans24.
Small work done in small time dt is given by
When a diamagnetic substance is placed in a magnetic
dW  P.dt  EI .dt field, the lines of force prefer to pass through the
T surrounding air but not through the substance. eg
Antimony
Total work done over a complete cycle is W  EIdt 0


W  Eo sin t I o sin(t   ) dt
0

T When a paramagnetic substance is placed in a magnetic

field, the lines of force prefer to pass through the substance

W  Eo I o sin t sin(t   ) dt
0
rather than air. eg Aluminium


W  Eo I o sin t (sin t cos   cos t sin  ) dt
0

T When a ferromagnetic substance is placed in a magnetic

field, the lines of force prefer to pass through the substance

W  Eo I o (sin t cos   sin t cos t sin  ) dt
2
rather than air. eg iron
0

 T
sin 
T

 0

W  Eo I o cos sin 2 tdt 
2 0 
sin 2tdt 

Ans25.
 T
1  cos 2t sin 
T
 A 1
W  E0 I 0 cos
 0
2
dt 
2 0  sin 2tdt 

B

1 1
 T sin   1
W  E0 I 0 cos  .  .0
 2 2 
D x P 1-x C
T
W  E 0 I 0 cos .
2 A 1
B
Average Power inductive circuit over a complete cycle
W
P 1+x 1 1
T
T
E0 I 0 cos  . P 1-x C
P 2
T 1
A B
E I cos 
P 0 0
2
x 1 1
E0 I 0 x2
P cos 
2 2
P 1-x C
P  EV IV cos 
Since B and P are at the same potential
Phase difference in inductor circuit is  / 2
Hence average power is zero. x 1

Ans23.Work done = Q (VB  VC )

1
1

x2
1 x
or x   2 1  
kq k (q )
VC   0
AC BC
 o I
R  MI  . r 2
2R

o r 2
M
P
2R
Ans26.
I I' r OR
Consider two infinitely long parallel conductors A and B at
distance r from each other, carrying currents I1 and I2
respectively.
Consider a cylindrical conductor of radius ‘R’ such that
current I flows through the entire cross section of the A B
conductor.
Current passing through the cross sectional area  R2 is

I
I. Current through unit area of cross section is i  F1 F2 B1
 R2
r
For a point inside the wire r  R , we imagine an amperion B2
loop having the point on its circumference.
Due to the current I1 in conductor A, magnetic field B1 at
According to Ampere’s circuital law conductor B is inwards. Force F2 acting on condcutor B
  will be towards conductor A. The direction of magnetic
 B.dl   0 I ' ....(1) Where I ' is the current field is found using Right Hand Palm Rule and the direction
passing through the closed loop. of force is found using Fleming’s Left Hand Rule.
I I r2
I '  i   r2  2
  r2  Similarily, due to the current I2 in conductor B, magnetic
R R2 field B2 at conductor A is outwards. Force F1 acting on
r2
condcutor A will be towards conductor B.
From equn. (1) we get B dl  0 I (  r is relative Magnetic field B1 on the conductor B due to current I1 in
R2
permeability of the material of the wire )  o I1
conductor A is given by B1 
2r
 I r2
B  2 r  0 2 Force F2 acting on conductor B due to magnetic field B1 is
R
given by F2  B1 I 2 l2 sin 90 o .
0 Ir
Bi  Force per unit length on conductor B is given by
2  R2
F2
Ans27. (a) Infra red radiations produced by collisions of atoms f  B1 I 2
and molecules. l2
(b) UV rays produced by excitation of inner shell electrons
(c) X rays produced by bombardment of metal surfaces  o I1 I 2
f
with high energy electrons. 2r
Ampere:
Ans28. (a) Mutual Inductance of two circuits Force per unit length between two parallel current carrying
is equal to the magnetic flux linked with one circuit when
a unit current flows through the other. Its SI unit is Henry  o I 2 I1
conductors is given by f 
2r
(b) Suppose current I flows through the outer coil of radius Let I1 = I2 = 1A, r = 1m, then
‘R’. Magnetic field at the centre of the coil is given by
7
4  x 10 x 1 x 1
o I f  2 x 107 N/m
B . 2 x 1
2R
>
One ampere is that current which when flowing through
each of the two parallel conductors placed one metre apart
r R
in free space, the conductors would exert a force of 2 x 10-
o 7
N on each other per metre of their length.

Ans29.(i) - (a)
The magnetic flux linked with the coil of radius ‘r’ placed (ii) - (b)
coaxially is given by (iii) - (b)
(iv) - (b)
o I
  BA  B x r 2  . r 2
2R Ans30.(i) - (a)
Magnetic flux is also given by,   MI (ii) - (c)
 (iii) - (c)
V  I g (G  R ) d c
2V  I g (G  R ')
a b
R '  2R  G Ans31.(a) I
(iv) - (a) l
I gG 0.05 IG G
S   Solenoid is a long closely wound coil in the form of a
I  Ig I  0.95 I 19 helix. Its length is very large as compared to its diameter.
The solenoid field is the vector sum of the fields set up by
Ans31.(a) M  I A N all the turns that make up the solenoid.
Consider an electron moving with speed ‘v’ in a circular
path of radius ‘r’ around the nucleus of an atom. The At any point outside the solenoid, the field set up by the
current is given by upper part of the solenoid points to the left and tends to
q e ev cancel the field set up by the lower part of the solenoid
I  ------------(1) which points to the right. So at all points outside the
t 2 r 2 r
solenoid the magnetic field is zero.
v
The magnetic moment of a circular loop is given by To evaluate the magnetic field at any point inside the
M=IA solenoid, consider a rectangular closed path abcd. According
ev 1 to Ampere circuital law:
M  r 2  ev r ---------------(2)  
2 r 2  B.dl  o I
Angular momentum of a body in circular path is integral b   c  d   a 
multiple of nh/2.  B.dl   B.dl   B.dl   B.dl  o I
nh a b c d
 mv r 
2 b
o
c
o
d
0
a
0
nh
 B dl cos0   B dl cos90   B dl cos180   B dl cos90  o I
vr  a b c d
2 m -----------------(3)
b
1 nh enh  B dl  o I
From (2) and (3) M  2 e 2 m  4 m a

Ans31(b) N = 24, A = 20 x 10-3m2, B = 0.2T, R = 14. d 

  B dl  0 as magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero 
c 
A simple way to increase the current senstivity of the meter
by 25% is to increase the number of turns by 25%. b
B  dl  o I
Now N = 30, A = 20 x 10-3m2, B = 0.2T, R = 21. a

B l  o I
The initial voltage sensitivity is given by
For N turns, Bl  o I N
B N A B x 24 x A 12 BA
V   
kR k x 24 7 k  IN
B o
New voltage sensitivity is given by l
B N ' A B x 30 x A 10 BA N
V '  '  B  o I n where, n 
kR k x 21 7 k l
Change in voltage sensitivity is given by B IN
Magnetic intensity H  
V  V  V ' 
12 BA 10 BA 2 BA
  o l
7 k 7 k 7 k
Percentage change in voltage sensitivity = q 2 ev 1
Ans31.(b) M I A r  r 2  evr
2 BA t 2r 2
V 50
x 100  7 k x 100  % 1
V 12 BA 3 M x1.6 x1019 x 2.2 x106 x 5.3 x1011  9.3 x1024 Am2
7 k 2
OR
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
Ans32.(i) -
+

d
Both plates have area A and charge q distributed on each across both V4 and V5 is 100V.
plate, one having a positive and the other having a negative
charge, the surface charge densities being  . Electric Now charge across C4 is given by
field E between the plates of the capacitor is given by
q4  C4 xV4  100 x1012 x 100  10000 pC
 And charge across C5 is given by
E
0 q5  C5 xV5  100 x1012 x 100  10000 pC
V = Ed As C5 is a series combination of C2 and C3, charge q2 and q3
 across each is 10000pC.
V d
0 Hence potential across themm is given by

q q 10000 x 10 12
V d V2  2   50 V
A 0 C2 200 x 10 12
C = q/V q 10000 x 1012
V3  3   50V
q C3 200 x 1012
C
q OR
d
A 0 + -
+ -
-
A 0 Ans32.(i)
+
-
C +
+ -
d + -
Ans32(ii). C2 and C3 are in series. Their net capacitance t
d
C5 = 100pF.
The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a plate
100pF
area A and plate separation ‘d’ with vacuum in between
C4 A o
100pF the plates is Co 
d
C5
Let ±q are the charges on the capacitor plates which
C1
produce a uniform field E0 in the space between the plates.
When dielectric slab of thickness 't' is introduced, an electric
100pF 300V field is induced in it in a direction opposite to E0. So the net
field E inside the dielectric decreases. Let the field inside
Now C4 and C5 are in parallel, and their net capacitance is
the dielectric is E.
given by C6 = 200pF.
200pF Therefore potential difference between the plates is given
C6 by V  Eo (d  t )  E. t
Eo
C1 Since the electric field inside the dielectric E  ,
K
100pF 300V
Eo
Since C1 and C6 are in series, the net capacitance is given V  Eo ( d  t )  t
K
1 1 1 3 200
by    or C  pF  t 
C 100 200 200 3 V  Eo  d  t  
 K
Charge of the circuit is given by
200   t 
q  CV  x1012 x 300  20000 pC V d  t  
3 o  K
Hence charge across C1 and C6 is 20000pC.
q  t 
V  d  t   -------(1)
Potential across C1 is given by A o  K

q 20000 x 1012 q
C
V1    200V --------(2)
C1 100 x 1012 V
From (1) and (2), we get
Potential across C6 is given by
q
q 20000 x 1012 C
V6    100V q  t 
C6 200 x 10 12 d  t  
A o  K
C6 is a parallel combination of C4 and C5. Hence potential
 Ans33(a)
A o
C
t
d t  VL
K
C R L
A o
C
 1 V
d  t 1   VC VR VL VL-VC
 K   VR
~ o Iv
A o K S
If t = d, C V
d VC

Ans32(ii). Common potential after connecting them

Consider that a source of alternating emf is connected to a
C1Vo series combination of a capacitor of capacitance C, inductor
in parallel V 
C1  C2 of inductance L and a resistor of resistance R.
Ratio of energy before and after the combination is made
Let V and I be the instantaneous values of voltage and
1 current in the LCR circuit and VR , VC and VL be the
C1Vo 2 instantaneous values of the voltages across the resistor,
U1 2 C  C2
 2
 1 the capacitor and the inductor.
U2 1 (C V ) C1
 C1  C2  1 o 2
2  C1  C2  VR = I R , VC = I XC and VL = I XL where XC is the
reactance due to the capacitor and XL is the reactance of
the inductor. Let voltage across inductor is more than the
voltage across capacitor. The resultant voltage of the circuit
XL XC is shown in the vector diagram.
Ans33.(a)
OC 2  OA2  OB 2
O f O f 2
V 2  VR  (VL  VC ) 2
y Eo
2
V  VR  ( VL  VC ) 2
Io
33.(b) V  ( I R) 2  ( I . X L  I . X C ) 2
t
x
phasor diagram VI R 2  ( X L  X C )2
33.(c) Device X is an inductor as current lags the voltage
V
 R2  ( X L  X C )2
Ev  220V , Iv  0.25A I

E 220 Z R 2  ( X L  X C )2
XL  v   880
Iv 0.25 where Z is called the impedence of the LCR
Device Y is a resistor as current is in phase with the voltage circuit
Ev  220V , Iv  0.25A Ans33(b). The variation of current with changing
E 220 frequency of applied voltage is shown in the graph below.
R  v   880 The maximum current is at resonant frequency. For
Iv 0.25
frequencies less than or greater than the resonant
Now when both X and Y are connected in series, frequency, the current decreases.
Ev  220V , R  880 , X L  880
R1
Z L  R 2  X L 2  8802  8802  880 2 
I R2
Now Ev  Iv .Z L

220  Iv x 880 2
1
Iv   0.176A
2 2
fR f
OR