International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2019): 7.583

Quasiturbine Rotary Engine Stator Confinement

Profile Computation and Analysis
Gilles Saint-Hilaire Ph.D.1, Roxan Saint-Hilaire MBA2, Ylian Saint-Hilaire M.Sc.3,
Françoise Saint-Hilaire M.Let4
1
Quasiturbine Académie, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Abstract: Among the most frequent questions asked about the Quasiturbine « QT » are: Why is a central differential needed? And how
is the stator confinement profile calculated? These are strategic elements reluctantly discussed by the inventors in the past 20 years.
Many are convinced that computing the correct confinement profile of the Quasiturbine rotor is not simple task, and the purpose of this
paper is to help understanding the matter and the underling characteristics. Unaware of the real difficulty, some are reporting
elementary solution attempts, but missing ways to control their exactitude, they are so far neither reliable, nor precise enough.
Quasiturbine confinement profile is discussed in a USA patent, and exact solutions are graphically presented as the « Saint-Hilaire
skating rink profile » (named after the physicist who first made exact calculations) by analogy to well-known sport skating rink. As a
first hint, notice that ellipses are not acceptable solutions, which are far from unique due to undetermined nature of the Quasiturbine
rotor. Contrary to circular constraints of piston engine and conventional turbine, the asymmetrical « multi degrees of freedom » concept
of the Quasiturbine offers a wide variety of underlying innovative design options, and working characteristics.

Note: This scientific disclosure does not constitute permission for commercial manufacturing.

Keywords: Quasiturbine; Rotary engine; Steam engine; Air engine; Rotary pump

1. Quasiturbine rotor description 2. Understanding the rotor geometry

The QT rotor is a deformable chain of 4 interconnected 2.1 Rotor is not confined
blades by pivoting hinge at their ends [1], [2]. As such, there
is no rotor constraint or limitation to its square and lozenge Opposed pivots are co-linear with the center of the rotor, and
shape, and holding it by hands reveals a feeling somewhat always at the same distances and move in and out the same
like a mechanical Jell-O! [3]. This rotor can be placed within way. Both sets of opposed pivots moves along orthogonal
a close fit circular confinement, where it can rotate freely in axis crossing at the rotor center, and stay at 90 degrees apart
square configuration. Notice the 4 constant and equal volume at all time and for all configurations (simplifying
chambers between each pivoting blade and the internal calculations).
circular wall, which then does not suggest much interest to
the device. Now imagine the closed fit circular confinement During a rotation, the rotor becomes either in square or full
profile (stator) being squished in a bench vice (or anvil) and diamond configurations 8 times, which defined 8 reference
permanently deformed, then outer blades chambers would points and curve sections of 45 degrees each, of which 2 will
have different sizes during rotation (assuming it would need to be fed by seed curves (see below) for complete
rotate), while opposed chambers across the rotor center contours.
would have same volumes.

Figure 1: The Quasiturbine rotor becomes either in square or

full diamond configurations 8 times per rotation, defining 8
Photo A – The Quasiturbine « QT » with carriages rotor points of reference and sections for contour. Notice the top
arrangement www.quasiturbine.com base on optional and bottom pivots moved inward in diamond configuration,
manufacturing design. in contrast with the square configuration and its circle broken
line (PivEcc = 1). The central circular track supporting the
mid blade roller is shown in the first quadrant.

Volume 10 Issue 3, March 2021

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Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21313004008 DOI: 10.21275/SR21313004008 872
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2019): 7.583
The pivots have a substantial physical size, and consequently must be symmetrical point by point only through the rotor
the pivots’ center itself cannot be in contact with the stator center, which means that the rotor shape is not necessarily
confinement wall. It is the pivot outside circle (or its symmetrical through the X and Y axis. Said otherwise, the
contained seal) which touches the stator confinement wall. stator shape in any 180 degrees arc can be identically copied
180 degrees forward or half, which does not mirrored it
No matter the degree of rotor deformation (configuration), its across X or Y axis.
center of masse stays immobile at the center of the rotor. It is
said to be perfectly balanced at all angle and rotational 3. QT rotor size, limit and guidance
speed.
Prerequisites: Blade length, 2 seed curve sections and
Not confined, this rotor geometry is unstable in rotation: It eccentricities
could be initially stable in square configuration, but as soon
as a set of opposed pivots moves a bit away from the rotor As detailed below, the contour shapes are marked by 8
center, centrifugal force will expel these 2 pivots outward, reference points 45 degrees apart, defining 8 contour
while the orthogonal ones will sort of implode inward. sections, 2 of which being feed by seed curves. During
rotation, most parameter values change continuously at all
While rotating, an external force (from the stator time, but the following are kept constant:
confinement wall or elsewhere?) will be needed to guide the  For the rotor, the designed blade length « L » extending
rotor back toward the square configuration. One could from one pivot center to the other (a dimensional number),
further conceive a central mechanical device to guide the which define the sizes of the circular (Eccentricity = 1)
pivots in respect to the stator wall, but this would not be blades’ pivots circuit (square lozenge circle broken line on
relevant to the present calculation method of the stator graphs) and everything else; and
confinement profile.  The blades’ pivots circuits « eccentricity form factor »
(Ecc, a pure number), which from circular (Ecc = 1)
While rotor is confined blades’ pivots circuit (square lozenge circle broken line, on
Close elliptic-like stator fit is necessary to confine the rotor graphs) dictates the longest X axis (proportional to (L x
and provide contour guidance forces to pivots’ outside Ecc) / sqrt(1 + Ecc2) ), and the minimum Y axis
diameter (and its contained seal) to bring back the rotor from (proportional to L / sqrt(1 + Ecc2) ), two derived
4 diamond-to-square configurations, 4 times per rotation. dimensional numbers useful when comparing several
blades’ pivots circuits to one another. There is equivalence
While rotating, the overall QT rotor size changes as the loz- between square lozenge circle deformation (delta R = %)
enge configuration (deformation) and the seals angle and blades’ pivots circuit eccentricity (PivEcc).
touching the stator confinement profile, which could means  The 8 reference points 45 degrees apart.
variations in the blades’ pivots circuit. Smooth stator
 For the stator confinement profile, distinct size and
confinement profile does not guaranty smooth needed
eccentricity (ConfEcc) result directly from enlarging the
movement of the relatively massive blades and their blades’
blades’ pivots circuit to take into account the pivot
pivots. Consequently, calculations will have to determine
diameter, the contour seals and their geometric orientation
first the smooth blades’ pivots circuit, which will provide by
during rotation.
enlargement the shape of the stator confinement profile.
 The two selected seed curves (not necessarily
symmetrical), one in each interlaced group.

These parameters determine the computation needs for all

points of reference, and elsewhere in-between points as
univocally defined by seed curves (see below). Notice that
the stator confinement profile will have its own (ConfEcc)
eccentricity.

In order to have a smooth running machine, one must

consider the movement of the masses within the rotor. The
best way to insure smooth movement of the QT pivoting
blades is to insure smooth movement of the blades’ pivots
circuit.
 The criteria for smooth blades’ pivots circuit movement
(where the masses are) will require careful monotone
progression, and geometric continuity in between seed
curves sections, both simultaneously in position in
tangential angle. This smoothness may have some impacts
on the stator confinement profile due to minor rotor size
variation during rotation.
Photo B – The Quasiturbine medallion offers a simple view,  This criteria imposes the matching points between blades’
while hiding underlying complexity and characteristics pivot circuit sections to fit both in radially and also
angularly. Furthermore, as considered design eccentricity
From the rotor characteristics, the stator confinement profile
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Paper ID: SR21313004008 DOI: 10.21275/SR21313004008 873
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ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2019): 7.583
increases, the stator profile will initially look like a sort of square lozenge (on circle in broken line).
ellipse, but pass over a certain PivEcc limit, the stator will
have an inflexion zone at its shorter diameter ends (like 2 Be careful, coordinates of 8 exact reference points are
ellipses stretching apart), which may require special known for the blades’ pivots circuit, but without any in-
attention in several applications. between circuit detail information. Who will provide the
 A criteria on eccentricity inflexion limit in order to detail movement in-between the reference points? The
locate an inflexion of the stator confinement profile, a designers themselves, as they are free to impose (not one but
zone of constraint that not all mechanical designs may 2, and no more) curve sections, in-between points of the
consider. blades’ pivots circuit, which do not have to be symmetrical,
 Finally, the 8 reference points of the blade’s pivot circuit nor identical, and such seed curves are by definition exact
are not sufficient to determine the intermediary curve solution. Notice that rotor contour seals are not involved in
sections (and consequently the stator confinement profile). the blades’ pivot circuit calculation, but are in the stator
 To raise the indetermination of the blades’ pivot circuit, confinement profile.
one needs to provide 2 seed curve sections. Designers are
free to impose these curves sections in-between reference Observations on the stator confinement profile
points to meet their own design characteristics. These seed
curves do not have to be symmetrical nor identical, and by No seed curve is needed for the stator confinement profile, as
seed definition are exact blades’ pivot circuit solutions, it is determined by the blades pivots circuit. During confined
once selected. rotation, the pivots diameter (ot its containd seal) moves in
contact with an ellipse-like stator profile, as full diamond
No such seed curves are needed for the stator confinement rotor extension and perfectly square rotor arrangement.
profile, as it is determined by the blades’ pivot circuit. This
indetermination is an important asymmetrical « multi While in perfect square configuration, 4 exact stator
degrees of freedom » particularity of the Quasiturbine positions are straightforward from the pivot diameter at the
concept to permit a wide variety of underlying innovative corner of the lozenge in square arrangement.
design options and working characteristics, this is in addition
to mechanical dimensions and proportions freedom shared In full diamond extension, 4 exact stator contact
with the well-defined geometric circular constraints of piston reference points are easily determined from the imposed
engine and conventional turbine. eccentricity of the blades’ pivots circuit (by radius addition
of pivots diameters and seals), allowing determination of a
About the pivot design different eccentricity ConfEcc for this stator confinement
Once the rotor is taken apart, the blades are obviously more profile.
massive at one end (the « HEAD » in preferential direction
of rotation, where the seal is located) and less heavy on the At this point for the stator confinement profile, coordinates
other end (the « TAIL » while rotating). Once assembled, the of 8 exact reference points are known, and detail information
complementary pivot geometry makes all the pivots having in-between will be provided from the blades’ pivot circuit
the same weights and balance. The HEAD side (with the once its calculation is completed.
seal) may at first look as the male hinge, but its under harm
is definitively a female receptacle. Reciprocally, the TAIL For both blades’ pivots circuit and stator confinement
side appears as the female hinge, but its under faced is profile, coordinates of a total of 16 reference points are
definitively a male insert. Both ends of the blade have known which are most valuable before initiating exact detail
simultaneously male and female characteristics for most computation. The coordinates of these reference points are
symmetrical design, providing robustness and leak-proof exactly symmetrical, both across rotor central point, and
options. mirror across X and Y axis. It is the in-between seed curves
that make de blades’ pivot circuit, and consequently (with
4. Establishing the reference points seal orientations add up) the stator confinement profile not
mirror symmetrical.
Observations on the blades’ pivots circuit
During rotor movement, the pivots move along an ellipse- Off-radius seal orientation:
like circuit, where two extreme rotor geometry An additional rotor confinement profile asymmetry comes
configurations occur alternatively: One being the full from the seals orientation in relation to the local radius,
diamond rotor extension, and the other the perfectly square which results from the fact that each pivoting blade holds a
rotor arrangement. seal at only one end. This large pivot diameter contains a
nearly immobile stator contour seal, which seal extend
While in full diamond extension, 4 exact pivots positions exactly radially only in the rotor square configuration (where
of the rotor are easily determined from the imposed the rotor has its maximum overall dimension). In diamond
eccentricity PivEcc of the blades’ pivots circuit (stator radius rotor extension, one can notice on the drawings that the seals
being enlarged by pivot circle diameter and seals), allowing touch the stator slightly off the X and Y axis (contact axis
determination of a distinct eccentricity ConfEcc for the stator being in counter rotation to one another), while these seals
confinement profile. are exactly co-linear at 45 degrees diagonal in square
configuration.
While in perfect square configuration, 4 exact pivots
positions are straight forward at the pivots corners of the
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Paper ID: SR21313004008 DOI: 10.21275/SR21313004008 874
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2019): 7.583
properties, otherwise ellipse shape will only fit through a set
of 4 symmetrical points. As obvious from previous
Quasiturbine disclosures, early attempt shows that ellipse
cannot fit the blades’ pivots circuit, neither the stator
confinement profile. Fit can be pretty close at small
eccentricity, but becomes rapidly useless for design purpose.

Modifying the perfect ellipse to fitting 8 symmetrical

points
Ellipse can easily be made to pass by the ends of the long
and the short diameter axis, but offers no flexibility to reach
any other arbitrary symmetrical coordinates midway.
Drawing shows that the Quasiturbine rotor characteristics do
not match the ellipse characteristics. Practically, perfect
ellipses do not extend far enough in their 45 degrees corners
Figure 2: Pivots coordinates of the rotor blades are shown in areas to fit any QT rotor solution; unless forcing the ellipse
square and extended diamond configuration. 8 reference to pass by the X45, Y45, and R45.
points for the blade’s pivot circuit, and as many for the stator
confinement profile by enlargement. Notice that these
reference points are symmetrical, both across center and X
and Y axis, while the seed curves and calculated solutions
are not necessarily mirrored symmetrical
Circular central supporting track for mid-blade roller is
shown in quadrant I. The circle broken line is the exact no
eccentricity (PivEcc = 1) circular blades’ pivot circuit.

Depending of the blade orientation during the rotation, the

seal off-radius orientation reduces overall rotor size by
leading ahead the movement (in large radius profile section)
and lagging behind the movement (in short radius profile
section). The effect of this « off-radius seal orientation »
generates small sizes radius reduction within the stator wall
(none at 45 degrees, maximum at 0 and 90 degrees)
spreading asymmetrically over 90 degrees each.
Consequently, there is a relatively small preferential
Figure 3: Even for most simple case, perfect ellipse is
direction of assembly of the rotor within the stator. Once
shown to be unable to simultaneously fit at once 8 reference
properly paired, the QT rotor can turn indifferently in both points, while the MOD8 modified ellipse does (without
directions. detail in-between reference points). An extra pair of
parameters « PivC(X;Y) » must be introduced into the ellipse
5. Modified Ellipse MOD8 to Fit 8 Points equation, to stretch the ellipse corner shape while preserving
it near the X and Y axis. Will also fit the stator confinement
Comment on parametric trigonometric ellipse formula profile with appropriate » ConfC(X;Y) » parameters.
Trigonometric parametric ellipse equation looks simple:
X = Rx * sin(tau) and To better fit (approximate) the Quasiturbine blades’ pivots
Y = Ry * cos(tau) circuit needs, an extra pair of parameters « PivC(X;Y) »
(tau) being the parameter (not the actual point angle) could be introduced in the perfect ellipse equation (the C(X)
; C(Y) being the axis amplitude of the pivot circuit
This is rigorously true for cycle where Rx = Ry, (tau) being corrections, possibly in the form of sin3(4 x theta) or
then the angle of the R radius. As the eccentricity increases, otherwise). If the correction match is done along the 45
the Radius angle is not (tau) any more. All parameters (tau) degrees radius, then PivC(X) = PivC(Y), usually in the range
provide coordinate of points which are on the perfect ellipse, between 0 to 3 % of the radius, to stretch the ellipse corner
but such points are not at the (tau) radius angle. Phase out shape (while preserving the full diamond main axis
between true Radius angle and tau may reach 5 to 8 degrees coordinates), and to allow fitting at once through the entire 8
(increasing with eccentricity) in the range of simple QT reference points coordinates of the blades pivots circuit. The
solutions. Providing careful radius angle correction, this same MOD8 ellipse approximation function would also fit
method is fine to get the perfect ellipse coordinates and with the stator confinement profile, providing an appropriate
shape. For each eccentricity an equivalence table of radius set of « ConfC(X;Y) » parameters is used. MOD8 ellipse
angle versus the tau parameter can be calculated with offers exact fit of reference points, but no exact curve in-
sufficient precision by 4 or 5 iterations only. between. Exact blades’ pivots circuit and stator confinement
profile computation will have to provide solution in-between
Does ellipse fit through 8 known symmetrical points? these exact points matched by MOD8.
It would be great if the geometrical properties of the blades’
pivots circuit would coincide with ellipse geometrical

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Paper ID: SR21313004008 DOI: 10.21275/SR21313004008 875
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ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2019): 7.583
MOD8 limitation to near symmetrical and no inflexion 7. Rotor Pivots Transform Function
MOD8 is a very valuable analytical tool for the most obvious
(and current) QT cases. As the perfect ellipses, the MOD8 The rotor configuration change must occur simultaneously
ellipses are mirrored through X and Y axis, and consequently along two orthogonal X and Y axis. For every two opposed
symmetrical. They could be useful approximations where the points coordinates set on the blades’ pivots circuit, the rotor
2 seed curves are complementary symmetrical one another, define two coordinates set on its orthogonal axe, which are
and generate near symmetrical blades’ pivots circuit and the mapping of the first set. This is the « rotor pivots
stator confinement profile. They are not recommended to transform function » one needs to determine the exact
approximate more advanced and complex asymmetrical and blades’ pivot circuit in the top and the bottom area of the
inflexion QT geometries. graphs. Notice that this function is reversible from the
mapped coordinates set to the original coordinates set, and
MOD8 ellipse is no attempt to get an exact Quasiturbine that the rotor pivots transform function returns 2 coordinates
blades’ pivots circuit, nor the stator confinement profile, but set (one up, one down), both along the actual orthogonal
is a simple mathematical approximation for purpose of axis.
understanding and discussion. In symmetrical cases
considered in this paper, the modified MOD8 ellipses
radiuses in the 45 degrees area are exact ellipses values
extended by no more that 5 %. Notice that the modified
MOD8 ellipse shape and pair parameters for blades’ pivot
circuit are much different for the stator confinement profile.

6. Blades’ Pivot Circuit - Symmetrical Seed

Curves
Imposing seed curves to 2 groups of interlaced sections
The set of 16 reference points is not sufficient to determine
details solution in-between the points. Where are the in-
between detail data available? This is part of the
Quasiturbine multi-degrees of freedom concept not to
provide these details, and it is left to the designer to make his
own choices. Therefore, before initiating any computation at
the blades’ pivots circuit level, two inter-points « seed curves Figure 4: For the blades’ pivot circuit, a simple set of 2 seed
sections » must be imposed, one and only one within each of curves which could be from MOD8 ellipse (not anymore an
the 2 interlacing groups. Each proposed curve section will be approximation once seed selected), shown with their
copied by symmetry across the rotor central point (no mirror symmetrical copy across the center. The QT multi-degrees of
across X or Y axis), and later used by the mathematical rotor freedom concept leaves designer with « seed freedom of
pivots transform function to map the corresponding choice ». All done now for initiating the top and bottom
orthogonal segments, for a total of 4 sections in each blades’ pivot circuit calculation through the mathematical
interlaced group. Same will be done with the second rotor pivots transform function. The circle in broken line is
interlacing group, to complete the blades’ pivot circuit the exact no eccentricity (Ecc = 1) circular blades’ pivot
calculation. circuit

Notice that impose seed curve sectors are by definition exact 8. Exact Blades’ Pivot Circuit Computation
solution. Furthermore, this example shows that solutions are
far from being unique, but as many as you can propose seed Exact blades’ pivot circuit solutions will require computation
curves. Notice that these reference points are symmetrical, through the mathematical « rotor pivots transform
both across center and X and Y axis, while seed curves and function », where movement of the pivot along some curve
seals orientations spoil the in-between mirror symmetry. sections will be imaged (mapped) in another section to
entirely defined the current blades’ pivot circuit. Previous
Comment on eccentricity versus circle deformation? observations established a set of 8 exact reference points
The eccentricity is a necessary upfront value before coordinates that pivots circuit must go through, and similarly
proceeding to exact calculation. Using an analytical function for the stator confinement profile, for a total of 16 control
like MOD8 to seed the Blades’ pivots circuit provides reference points, most valuable before initiating exact detail
upfront eccentricity from the equation. Another way to feed computation. Rotor contour seals are not involved in the
the seed sections is to modify the (PivEcc = 1) pivots blades’ pivot circuit calculation, but will later in the stator
lozenge circle (broken line on the graphs), by adding a radial confinement profile.
perturbation on it, in which case only the long X axis is
imposed, and not the short Y axis (needed to determine the
eccentricity). Fortunately, this shorter Y axis can be easily
calculated upfront by the rotor geometry in full extended
diamond configuration. This provides equivalence relation
between square lozenge circle deformation (delta R = %) and
blades’ pivots circuit eccentricity (PivEcc).
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Paper ID: SR21313004008 DOI: 10.21275/SR21313004008 876
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ISSN: 2319-7064
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Off-radius seal orientation
Not only asymmetries come from the non-symmetrical seed
curves, but some seals asymmetry also results from the fact
that each pivoting blade holds seal at one end only, where a
larger pivot diameter contains a nearly immobile stator
contour seal [4], [5], which seal extend exactly radially only
at the rotor square configuration (where the rotor has its
maximum overall dimension).

Figure 5: Shows half of the exact blades’ pivot circuit

calculated result for one seed curve (here from the modified
MOD8 ellipse Quadrant I), and its symmetrical through
center (Quadrant III), with its rotor pivots transformed
(Quadrant II), and the symmetrical solution (Quadrant IV).
The other interlaced group seed curve can be imposed in any
of the free interspace, and calculated the similar ay, for a
complete blades’ pivot circuit. Notice that exact solution
goes strictly through the 8 reference points. The circle Figure 6: With the seed curves (again from the modified
broken line is the no eccentricity (PivExc. = 1) circular MOD8 ellipse), here are the calculated exact blades’ pivots
circuit. circuit and stator confinement profile (as an enlargement of
the blades’ pivots transforms). Due to off-radius seals
One must first get the solution for the blades’ pivots circuit. orientations, notice the contact point of the seals with the
The 8 in-between sections of the blades’ pivots circuit form stator are not exactly at 0 and/or 90 degrees, radius being
2 groups of 4 interlaced curve sections each; where in each slightly closer to one another in quadrant I and III.
group, one in-between section must be seed by a proposed
seed curve. By definition, all proposed seed curves and their Depending of blade orientation during the rotation, the seal
symmetrical across the rotor central point are part of the off-radius orientation reduces overall rotor size by leading
exact blades’ pivot circuit solution. From one seed curve ahead of movement (in large radius profile section) and
section, the three other sections can be determined. Similar lagging behind the movement (in short radius profile
procedure applied to the second group of interlaced sections, section). The effect of this off-radius seal orientation
where seed curve (or part thereof) can be on any still generates small size reductions within the stator wall, each
available group. centered on zero and 90 degrees area.

Two sections (and their symmetries) are left to be computed

for the blades’ pivots circuit? Each group of 4 in-between
curves has 2 known as the seed curves and their symmetrical
across the rotor central points; the 2 sections left are also
symmetrical, so only one in-between curve needs to be
computed by the rotor pivots transform function. Similar
computation needs to be carried on the second group of 4 in-
between curves. Consequently, the « rotor pivots transform
function » need to be applied only twice (once per group) for
the blades’ pivot circuit.

9. Exact Stator Confinement Profile

Computation
Stator confinement profile Figure 7: Even with perfectly symmetrical blades’ pivots
Once the blades’ pivot circuit is known, there is no need to circuit, flipping the rotor shows blades’ seal orientation
apply the « rotor pivots transform function » to get the asymmetries that a stator cannot fit both at once. Clockwise
stator confinement profile, as it is mainly an enlargement. rotation of the stator and the rotor must then be properly
Also, practical consideration imposes the contour seal tip to paired to allow the QT to turn indifferently in both
extend somehow (10 to 20 % of pivot radius) outside the directions.
large pivot diameters.

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Paper ID: SR21313004008 DOI: 10.21275/SR21313004008 877
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ISSN: 2319-7064
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Preferential direction of rotor assembly rotor to turn freely in both directions.
It is obvious that the QT rotor can turn indifferently in both
direction, but does the rotor have a preferential direction of 10. Quasiturbine QT.6LSC Circuit and
assembly in relation to the stator? In full diamond rotor confinement comparaison
extension, one can notice that the seals touch the stator
slightly off the X and Y axis (contact axis getting closer to Referring to the small 1.5 kW Quasiturbine manufactured as
one another), while these seals are exactly co-linear on the air-steam motor under the model QT.6LSC, here are the
45 degree diagonal in square configuration. This is because parameters comparison for exact solution of the blades’ pivot
the QT pivoting blades carry asymmetrically a seal at only circuit and the stator confinement profile. Notice the
one end, stator symmetry being perfect only at 45 degrees. modified MOD8 ellipse different pair parameters for each
These off-radius seal orientation corrections on the stator best fit. Parameters are given for both the blades’ pivots
impose a small preferential direction of assembly of the rotor circuit on the left, and the stator confinement profile on the
within the stator, even for the perfectly symmetrical blades’ right:
pivots circuit and while barely noticeable on the graph. This
 Notice that the maximum stator radius (on the right) is the
is further true for all complex stator shapes, but once
maximum blades’ pivots circuit radius (on the left)
correctly paired within the stator, the QT rotor can turn
increased by the pivot circle radius and the needed seals
indifferently in both directions.
space tolerance.
 Eccentricity of the blades’ pivots circuit of PivEcc = 1,301
Important to notice that the seal orientation stator radius
is reduced to ConfEcc = 1,251 on the larger stator
reductions, each spread around 0 and 90 degrees, are stator
confinement profile.
shapes adjustment that the seals must follow to insure that
the pivots stay on the optimum circuit in the most smoothly  MOD8 ellipse modification pair parameters goes from
matter. These seal orientation are significant enough to PivC(X=3,470 %; Y=3,470 %) for the blades’ pivots
impose a preferential direction of assembly. Consequently, circuit to ConfC (X=1,700 %; Y=3,440 %) for the stator
the rotor and the stator need to be paired accordingly for the confinement profile.

11. What if eccentricity is further increased?

This would offer still more options for innovation and
specific challenges. Then, the blades’ pivot circuit and the
stator confinement profile show an inflexion in the shortest
diameter area. Computation method does still apply,
however the inflexion point may become in itself an obstacle
to the passage of the pivoting blades, surface of which may
need to be depleted in concave shape in order to make room
for the blade to move across the stator inflexion area,
somewhat as the Wankel engine (Similarities end there!).
Central blade supporting track and rollers may also be design
in an appropriate way.

Modified MOD8 ellipse (even if it still does go through the 8

reference points) will not fit correctly the inflexion contour.
However MOD8 is far from being useless, as it can provide Figure 8: Modified MOD8 ellipse is non-reliable in-between
interesting seed curves options, which are part of the exact reference points at such a high eccentricity, but provides
solution by definition. Exact circuit and profile computation interesting seed curves options, which are part of the exact
become however an absolute necessity for practical solution, once selected. Notice that a pivoting blade concave
application. surface is needed to transit across the inflexion. The
computation method is still valid at high eccentricity. Notice
that Wankel rotary engine cannot avoid this inflexion, while
QT can!

12. Complex Seed Curve and Asymmetry

The square lozenge circle (broken line on graph) is the
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Paper ID: SR21313004008 DOI: 10.21275/SR21313004008 878
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ISSN: 2319-7064
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spherical trivial solution for the blades’ pivots circuit. A possible, each with their own physical properties.
symmetrical deformation of this basic circle leads to ellipse-
like type of situation. To illustrate the effect and results, a set
of 2 different seed curves are here considered next one
another (they do not have to be symmetrical, nor identical),
in the extremities area of the maximum long axis. For
comparison, these 2 seed curves are selected to produce the
same eccentricity at blades’ pivot circuit level, as well as
equivalent at the stator confinement profile level (remember
that seed curves are exact solutions by definition):

Symmetrical Seed curve Case-1:

A section of the lozenge circle Radius increased up to 12 %,
by the cos3(2 x théta) function.
Figure 10: The exact solution of the asymmetric Case-2 is
Asymmetrical Seed curve Case-2: presented to illustrate the complex asymmetrical seed curves
A section of the lozenge circle Radius is increased up to 12 effects, with the 8 reference points for the blades’ pivots
%, by the cos1(2 x théta), and made asymmetrical by the +/-
circuit, as well as those for the stator confinement profile.
(80%) sin2(4 x théta) function (+ in an interlaced group, - in
Asymmetry can generate off-X axis large oblique non-
the other).
orthogonal diameter (look the 22 degrees area).
This example shows again that ellipses are not compatible
solutions, and that solutions are far from being unique. In
complex case, the surface of the blade may limit the
clearance of its own stator while moving within the said
stator. Furthermore, this example shows that solutions are far
from being unique, being as many as one can propose seed
curves!

The complex blades’ pivot circuit seed curve is a way to

modify the geometrical Quasiturbine characteristics, but one
may also consider modifying the size and proportion of the
blade’s supporting track, rollers and external blades’ pivots
diameters, as described in a previous patent. Present
calculation method still applied.

Figure 9: To illustrate the seed curves freedom of choice,

and corresponding possibility, here are 2 examples of blades’
pivots circuit seed curves (not from MOD8 this time) with
same 8 reference points. Notice that one is highly
asymmetric. Stator confinement profile being an
enlargement, it does not need seed curve of its own. The
circle in broken line is the exact no eccentricity (PivEcc = 1)
circular blades’ pivot circuit

Notice that these seed curves do not come from an analytical

equation like MOD8 (where eccentricity is known), but are
perturbations imposed on the pivots lozenge circle (broken
line on the graph) fixing only the long X axis (small Y axis
need to be calculated from de rotor full diamond
configuration to provide eccentricity). The second proposed Figure 11: Modifying the blade’s supporting track, rollers
seed curve is an asymmetric case showing that computed and external blades’ pivots diameters are other geometrical
solution may potentially extend the circuit further than the alternatives to explore different Quasiturbine characteristics.
maximum large X axis diameter, while the maximum Knowing that the QT pumps 8 chamber volumes per rotation
diameter is not considered for stator eccentricity (see 22 (4 on each side), here is an example where the flow per
degrees area). It does confirm that any combination of seed revolution exceeds the size of the machine! This stator shape
curves (say in the positive Y) can be selected with any well fit the name « Saint-Hilaire skating rink profile ».
combination curves in the negative Y.
13. Applying Computation to Torque and
Several other curve types can be used for alteration of the
lozenge circle, like linear and or quadratic deformations.
Power
This kind of asymmetric profile could offer different
The present method is a general tool to explore numerous
physical characteristics of the Quasiturbine at intake
Quasiturbine design parameters. While having the geometric
compared to exhaust. So many different solutions are
Volume 10 Issue 3, March 2021
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21313004008 DOI: 10.21275/SR21313004008 879
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2019): 7.583
characteristics on hand, why not go on further? [6] The Quasiturbine stator is an important component, and it is
Calculation of internal chamber volume would lead to essential to characterize it properly to guide correct
compression and expansion ratio and to fluid flow across the manufacturing and reach expected performances. The
machine. Assuming constant fluid pressure within the present method is a general tool to explore numerous
Quasiturbine, radial and tangential forces could be calculated Quasiturbine design parameters into applications. Unless it is
providing torque and power output. This calculation method well documented, the Quasiturbine presumption of simplicity
is also suitable for design component sensibility analysis, can turn out wrong, and shortcut barely leading to correct
and can help to select proper intake and exhaust ports conclusion.
positioning, as well as the location of side contour seals
location, and stator contour bolts positioning, as well as Worth to mention, the fact that the QT concept solicits every
central differential design insertion. designer for a « free-choice of seed curves », opens up to
endless suggestions, arguments and personal claims, that
many may hear about for years, until an « optimisation seed
curve theory » comes to clarify it all.

References
[1] Search Quasiturbine Papers on Google at
https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?q=quasiturbine+engine
+journal+paper&hl=fr&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholar
t
[2] http://www.quasiturbine.com
[3] Automotive Design 1999
http://http://quasiturbine.promci.qc.ca/EADSept99.html
[4] Diesel Progress USA 2000
http://http://quasiturbine.promci.qc.ca/DieselUSA0004.h
tml
[5] AQME 2006
http://quasiturbine.promci.qc.ca/AQMEArticle0206.htm
l
Photo C: Sample of a Quasiturbine stator executed from the [6] ASME Paper 2007 - Quasiturbine Low RPM High
computation results Torque Pressure Driven Turbine For Top Efficiency
Power Modulation
14. Conclusion http://www.quasiturbine.com/QTPapiers/ASME2007QT
Montreal.pdf
It is far from intuitive that the general Quasiturbine solution
requires 2 independent seed curve sections; accept Author Profile
asymmetrical profile; makes the rotor turn as a perfectly
balanced rotary device at all angles and speeds; and imposes Gilles Saint-Hilaire Ph.D. Paris, Thermonuclear physics,
a preferential direction of assembly of the rotor within the Roxan Saint-Hilaire MBA Berkeley, Microchips design,
stator. One of the reasons the Quasiturbine has not been Ylian Saint-Hilaire M.Sc. Montréal, Meshcentral principale,
developed a century ago is probably due to difficulty to Françoise Saint-Hilaire, M.Let. Sorbone, Documentation, are
determine valid stator confinement profile shapes, as today all in Quasiturbine Académie, Montréal Québec H2K 4J9
computer can do. The objective of this paper is not to CANADA
suggest or propose any specific stator confinement profile,
but to offer means to achieve exact solutions. This paper Definition / Abbreviations
shows that ellipses are not compatible solutions, but are PIV - PIVOT OF ROTATING BLADES
nevertheless useful to assist seed curves selection, and that CONF - CONFINEMENT PROFILE
solutions are far from being unique, each with their own
physical properties. Note: This scientific disclosure does not constitute
permission for commercial manufacturing.
Contrary to the well determined circular constraints of piston
engine and conventional turbine, the seed curves
asymmetrical « multi degrees of freedom » concept of the
Quasiturbine offers a wide variety of underlying innovative
design options and working characteristics. It is a fairly new
concept hiding a large amount of unexpected turnout, and
toward which extrapolating conventional practices, analysis
and explications often constitute an unfair QT potential
limitation. This paper objective is to address one of the
apparently minor QT difficulties, to show how correct
understanding open up the diversity of designs and
technology alternatives.
Volume 10 Issue 3, March 2021
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21313004008 DOI: 10.21275/SR21313004008 880