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CONJUNCTIONS

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21 views4 pages

CONJUNCTIONS

Uploaded by

mariafrancisca
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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https://grammartop.

com/conjunctions-of-contrast/

VIDEO: CONJUNCTIONS OF CONTRAST

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAQttUMEUcg

Conjunctions
Conjunctions join clauses or sentences.
Conjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, and clauses together in a sentence.

Coordinating
Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions link parts of the sentence that are equally important. In
English, there are seven coordinating conjunctions – and, or, for, nor, but, so.

And
Using ‘and’ helps us to join two ideas together:
 There is a house and a woodshed on the picture.
 Jonathan lives and works in Melbourne.
 Jane bought a new dress and a small bag.
 There are two plates, two spoons, two forks, and two glasses on the table.

Or
Use ‘or’ to link alternative items, ideas and choices, or to speak about
the consequences of an action or event:
 Would you like tea or coffee? (You must choose one.)
 Should I visit Italy or France this summer? (You must choose one.)
 The weather is bad. Put on your hat, or you may catch a cold. (Bad
consequence)

Nor
Use ‘nor’ to join two statements that both show things or ideas that are not true or didn’t
happen. The verb in the part of the sentence after ‘nor’ should have a positive form, and
the word order in this part should be inverted like a question:
 I don’t like fishing, nor do I go hunting.
 Jack can’t play any musical instruments, nor can he dance.
 Mary doesn’t feel well today, nor does her younger sister Cindy.

So
Use ‘so’ to show that one part of the sentence is a consequence of the other (‘cause-and-
effect’ relationship):
 The traffic is heavy on the main road, so the drivers are looking for
alternative routes.
 I don’t like eating out, so I rarely go to restaurants.
 This movie is long, so I bought some snacks.

Conjunctions of Contrast
Contrast conjunctions connect ideas and clauses that contrast.
The following words and phrases are contrast conjunctions: but,
although, though, even though, even if, while, in spite of, while,
whilst, whereas.

But
‘But‘ is one of the most common contrast conjunctions. We use
‘but‘ to connect ideas that contrast or oppose each other.

 I want to go for a walk, but it’s raining outside.


 That lady is nice but stern.
 The weather is bad, but we can go for a walk anyway.
 Kate loves soap operas, but hates sports shows.
 My friends went on holiday, but they didn’t enjoy it.

Although/though/even though
We use ‘although‘, ‘though‘ and ‘even though‘ to join the main
clause to a subordinate clause that contains
a surprise or unexpected results.
 Although I hate camping, I am going hiking and
camping this weekend.
 Though she waited for almost an hour, her friend
never showed up.
 Even though I got ready to go, we decided to just stay
at home.
 I am going hiking and camping this
weekend although I hate camping.
 Her friend never showed up though she waited for
almost an hour.
 We decided to just stay at home even though I got
ready to go.

Even if
‘Even if‘ is similar to ‘even though‘ and ‘although‘/’though‘, and it
is used in the same way. ‘Even if‘ means “whether or not.”

 Even if you run fast, you’ll still be late for school.


 I’ll be happy even if I’m not chosen.

In spite of
We use ‘in spite of‘ to show unexpected results. The clause
containing ‘in spite of‘ is a subordinate clause.
‘In spite of‘ is followed by either a gerund (‘-ing’ form of the verb)
or a noun phrase.
 In spite of having a bad teacher, the students all did
well on their test.
 The baby slept well in spite of all the noise.
 I enjoyed the party in spite of having a headache.

While
We use ‘while‘ to join contrasting ideas. It means ‘at/during the
same time that something else is happening,’ or ‘in contrast with.’

 While I prefer to eat at the table, my husband prefers


to eat in front of the television. (contrast)
 You get some onions while I get the meat. (at the same
time).

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