Data Communication

Network Basis
 Foreword
• Communication has always been with us ever since the origin of human society.
Communication has been playing an increasingly important role especially since
human society entered the information era in the 1970s or 1980s.

• The communication mentioned in this course refers to the communication

implemented through a data communication network. This course describes the
concepts related to communication and a data communication network, information
transfer process, network devices and their functions, network types, and typical
networking. In addition, this course briefly introduces the concepts related to
network engineering and network engineers.

Page 1 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Objectives
▪ Understand the concepts related to communication and a data communication network.

▪ Be able to describe the information transfer process.

▪ Differentiate network devices of different types and understand their basic functions.

▪ Understand different network types and topology types.

▪ Understand the concepts related to network engineering and network engineers.

Page 2 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Huawei Device Icons

General General Core Aggregation Access Stacked Firewall General NMS AP Base
router switch switch switch switch switches station

General Cluster FTP Authentication PN user Enterprise Enterprise Business AC Wi-Fi

server server server network user trip signals

Internet Network cloud 1 Network cloud 2 IP phone PC pad Mobile phone Laptop

Page 3 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1 Communication and Networks

• Concept of Network Communication

• Concept of the Data Communication Network

2 Network Types and Topol ogy Types

3 Network Engineering and Network Engineers

Page 4 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Concept of Network Communication
Communicatio Information transfer and exchange between people, between people
n and between things through a certain medium and behavior.
and things,
Network communication Communication between terminal devices through a computer
network. Examples:
Data
Router

A. Files are transferred between two computers

(terminals) through a network cable. Data
Data ……

B. Files are transferred among multiple computers

(terminals) through a router.
C. A computer (terminal) downloads files through
the Internet.

Page 5 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Information Transfer Process
Virtual information transfer is similar to real object transfer.

Objects Package Distribution center Sky Distribution center Package Objects

Packet Packet
Data Data Data Data

Computer Gateway router Internet Gateway router Computer

Page 6 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Common Terms
Data payload Information conveyed
Packet Data unit switched and transmitted on the network
Header Information segment added before the data payload
Tail Information segment added after the data payload
Process of adding a header and a tail to a data payload to form a
Encapsulation
new packet
Process of removing the header and tail from a packet to obtain the
Decapsulation
data payload
Network device that provides functions such as protocol conversion,
Gateway
route selection, and data exchange
Router Network device that selects a forwarding path for packets
End device of a data communication system, used as a sender or
Terminal device
receiver of data

Page 7 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1 Communication and Networks

• Concept of Network Communication

• Concept of the Data Communication Network

2 Network Types and Topol ogy Types

3 Network Engineering and Network Engineers

Page 8 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Concept of the Data Communication Network
Data communication Internet
Core equipment
room
netwCommunication network Log system
Controller
that consists of routers, switches, NMS
Application
server
firewalls, access controllers (ACs),
access points (APs), PCs, network
printers, and servers.

Function

To implement data ……
…… ……
communication.
Office area 1 Office area 2 Office area 3

Page 9 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Switches
Switch

A device closest to end users, used to access the

network and switch data frames.

• Network access of terminals (such as PCs and Switch

servers)

• Layer 2 switching
Broadcast domain

Page 10 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Routers(1)
Router

A network-layer device that forwards data

packets on the Internet.
Based on the destination address in a received
Router
packet, a router selects a path to send the packet
to the next router or destination.
The last router on the path is responsible for
sending the packet to the destination host.
Broadcast domain A Broadcast domain B

Page 11 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Routers(2)
Router

• Implementing communication between networks of

the same type or different types
• Isolating broadcast domains
Router
• Maintaining the routing table and running
routing protocols
• Selecting routes and forwarding IP packets
• Implementing WAN access and network
address translation Broadcast domain A Broadcast domain B

• Connecting Layer 2 networks established through

switches

Page 12 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Firewalls(1)
Firewalls
Untrust zone
A network security device used to ensure secure
Internet
communication between two networks. It monitors, restricts,
DMZ
and modifies data flows passing through it to shield Firewall

information, structure, and running status of internal

Trust zone
networks from the public network.

Page 13 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Firewalls(2)
Firewalls
Untrust zone
• Isolating networks of different security levels
• Implementing access control (using security policies) Internet

between networks of different security levels DMZ

• Implementing user identity authentication Firewall

• Implementing remote access

• Supporting data encryption and VPN services Trust zone
• Implementing network address translation
• Implementing other security functions

Page 14 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Wireless devices

Internet Internet

AC
(Access Controller)

Fat AP AP
(Fit Access Point,
FIT AP)
WLAN (Wi-Fi)

Wired terminal Wireless terminal Wireless Wireless

terminal terminal

Page 15 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1 Communication and Networks

2 Network Types and Topol ogy Types

• Network Types

• Topology Types

3 Network Engineering and Network Engineers

Page 16 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 LAN, MAN, and WAN
防火墙
Based on the geographical coverage, networks can be classified into local area networks (LANs),
metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs).

LAN MAN WAN

• A LAN is a network that consists • A WAN generally covers a large

• A MAN is a computer
of computers, servers, and geographical area ranging from tens
network devices in a geographic communication network of square kilometers to thousands of
area. The coverage of a LAN is established within a city. square kilometers. It can connect
generally within several networks of multiple cities or even
thousand square meters. • Typical MANs include broadband networks of countries (as an
• Typical LANs include a MANs, education MANs, and international large-scale network)
company's office network, a and provide long-distance
municipal or provincial e-
cyber bar network, a home communication.
network government private lines. • The Internet is a typical WAN.

Page 17 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 LAN, MAN, and WAN in the Education Industry
Provincial Level Municipal Level County Level

Internet

MAN core of the

MAN core of district-
MAN core of the the municipal level/county-level
provincial education education education bureau
bureau bureau

LAN of a middle LAN of a middle LAN of a

school school primary school

LAN of a college or LAN of a college or LAN of a college or

高校局域网
university 高校局域网
university 高校局域网
university

Page 18 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1 Communication and Networks

2 Network Types and Topol ogy Types

• Network Types

• Topology Types

3 Network Engineering and Network Engineers

Page 19 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Topologies
Network Topology
A structured layout presented using transmission media (such as twisted pairs and optical fibers) to
interconnect various devices (such as computer terminals, routers, and switches).

The network topology is used to

describe the physical or logical
structure of a network in the
network engineering field, and is a
very important network concept.
……
……

Page 20 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Topology Types
Network topologies are classified into star, bus, ring, tree, full-mesh, and partial-mesh network
topologies.

Star network Bus network topology Ring network

topology topology

Combined network topology

Tree network Full-mesh network Partial-mesh

topology topology network topology

Page 21 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1 Communication and Networks

2 Network Types and Topol ogy Types

3 Network Engineering and Network Engineers

Page 22 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Engineering
Network engineering
Network engineering refers to planning and designing feasible solutions based on network application requirements
and computer network system standards, specifications, and technologies under the guidance of information system
engineering methods and complete organizations, as well as integrating computer network hardware devices, software,
and technologies to form a cost-effective network system that meets user requirements.
Application

Storage Security Calculation

Wireless Routing Switching

Equipmen Media
t room
……

Technical modules covered by network

engineering

Page 23 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Engineer(1)
Network engineer

Network engineers are technology professionals who master professional network technologies, have
professional skills, professionalism, and project implementation experience in the network engineering
field, and are able to fully communicate with customers or other project stakeholders onsite. In addition,
they can develop implementation solutions and project plans (recognized by project stakeholders) based
on customer requirements and environment factors, fully mobilize resources of all parties to ensure
timely and high-quality project implementation, and provide training for stakeholders and deliver
engineering documents after the project is implemented.

Page 24 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Engineer(2)
Network engineer

Process Team
Business etiquette
specification collaboration
Industry Business
Values
knowledge management
Engineering Presentation
Service awareness
knowledge capability

Product knowledge Product knowledge Problem solving

Technical Learning Communication

knowledge competency capability

Professional
Basic qualification Professional skills
knowledge

Comprehensive capability models for

network engineers

Page 25 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Network Engineers' Technology Development Path

Overall Solution design, network planning, implementation,

From macro to micro and then capabilities troubleshooting, and optimization

Packet and
underlying Underlying working mechanism of protocols and packet
details
back to macro
mechanisms

Protocol Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) connection establishment process

mechanisms Detailed working process of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

How How to perform, verify, and query OSPF configurations

What Routing and switching

Page 26 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Huawei Certification Injects Vitality into Talent Development
for Enterprises

Providing talent with career Facilitating enterprise innovation and

Certification exam development paths transformation

• Cultivate experts who understand • Meets enterprise talent's career evolution

• Provides authoritative certification for ICT
from an engineer to a senior engineer, and
both business and technologies. talent. The ICT talent with authoritative
then to an expert.
• Cultivate platform construction certification helps ensure project delivery
• Provides a hierarchical certification system
quality and improve customer satisfaction.
and service application experts that provides customized talent growth
• Enhances the overall performance and
based on HUAWEI CLOUD. paths in accordance with job-based
productivity of enterprises.
capability requirements and supports in-
• Focuses on ICT infrastructure and • Accelerates business innovation and
depth professional development, integration,
transformation, and improve the overall
cultivates architecture talent in all and expansion, reducing the talent
operational efficiency.
ICT fields. cultivation cost for enterprises.

Page 27 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Huawei Certification Portfolio
Huawei certification covers all ICT fields and is committed to providing a leading talent cultivation architecture and
certification standards, cultivating ICT professionals in the digital era, and building a healthy ICT talent ecosystem.

ICT Vertical
Finance Public Safety
Certification
行业ICT认证
Intelligent Enterprise
Big Data AI IoT Video Surveillance Communication
Kunpeng Huawei Certified ICT Expert
Platform and Service
GaussDB Application
Certification
Developer
Cloud Computing Cloud Service

Huawei Certified ICT

Data Center Professional

Storage Intelligent Computing

ICT Infrastructure
Security
Certification
Datacom WLAN SDN Huawei Certified ICT Associate

Transmission Access LTE 5G

Page 28 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Huawei Datacom Certification Portfolio

HCIE-Datacom
Aiming to cultivate network experts
with solid theoretical foundation and
deployment capabilities for cross-field
HCIA-Datacom HCIP-Datacom solutions

Aiming to cultivate network Aiming to cultivate senior network

engineers with basic datacom engineers for cross-field solution planning
theories and skills and design or single-field planning and
deployment

Page 29 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Quiz
Which of the following type of network topology has the highest reliability?

A. Star network topology

B. Ring network topology

C. Full-mesh network topology

D. Tree network topology

Page 30 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Summary
• This section describes the concepts of network communication and data communication
network. The basic function of a data communication network is to implement network
communication.

• This section also introduces various network devices, the differences between LAN, MAN
and WAN, and various network topologies. In actual networking, multiple topologies are
combined according to the requirements of multiple parties.

• This section also describes network engineering and network engineers and introduces
Huawei datacom certification system.

Page 31 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.