Army public sChool

CHANDIMANDIR

(SESSION: 2024-2025)

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

(Full Wave Rectifier)

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Parul Dhir Veshesh Narwal

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Veshesh Narwal a student of

 Class 12 “A” has successfully completed the
research under the guidance of Mrs. Parul Dhir
during the year 2024-2025.

______________ ____________
EXAMINER TEACHER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my heartfelt gratitude to my Chemistry

teacher, Mrs Parul Dhir for their invaluable
 guidance in completing my Physics Project.

I am also thankful to my parents and friends for

their constant encouragement and cooperation
throughout this project.

INDEX
Introduction 5

Materials Required 6

Circuit 7
 Working 8

Graphs 9

Application 10

Merits and Demerits 11

Comparision 12

Bibliography 13

INTRODUCTION
A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all the
alternating current components in an alternating supply and
make it purely a direct current. The two alternating halves of
an alternation current are rectified in a full wave rectifier
which is an advantage over a half wave rectifier. Most
 electronic devices cannot withstand very high voltage or
alternating current due to its intense high power. The use of
batteries in all devices is not practical as their replacement
and durability is a huge problem as the device has to be
dismantled each time for such a replacement. So, these
rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices like TV’s,
Radios, Chargers, and Lightings.

MATERIAL REQUIRED
 Connecting wires
 A plug
 Single lead wire – 2m
 3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length
 Circuit board
 A Transformer
 A capacitor
 A Resistor (1 K Ω)
 P-N junction diodes
 A LED
 Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax, soldering lead, soldering iron
&sand pape

CIRCUIT
 CONNECTION
Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply is given to both the
input wires of the transformer and the two ends of the secondary coil is
given to the P side of the two diodes and the N side of the diodes are twined
and then connected to one end of the capacitor and the other end to the
centre tap lead and to the resistor. Further, the other end of capacitor with
the diode connect ion is connected to the other end of the resistor. Connect
2 leads on both the ends of the resistor to measure the output and this is
connected to the +ve & -ve terminals of the bulb.

WORKING
 1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps down the
230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of delivering a current
of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing across the secondary is the
RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts. During the 1st half cycle of
the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward biased and a current ‘I’ flows in the
circuit in the direction S 1D1 ABEOS1. During this time diode D2 is
reverse biased. So, it does not conduct any electric current. During the
next half cycle, the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is reversed. Hence D2
conducts current in the direction S2D2 ABEOS2and D1 does not
conduct any current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C current the
above processes are repeated.
 In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows through the resistor
in only one direction ABE. Even though the voltage across RL is
unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C components. This is filtered
and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C
current. A resistor is then used to adjust the output voltage. Capacitor
also nearly filters all A.C components from the supply and resistance is
adjusted for the required output. As this is a simple circuit, only one
capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there will be slight
factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it is negligible. The
output Direct Current and voltage light up the LED.

GRAPHS
 APPLICATIONS
 Because of their low cost compared to centre tapped, they are widely
used in power supply circuit.

 This can be used to detect the amplitude of modulated radio signal.

 Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized voltage in welding.

 In daily life, rectifier find use in mobile chargers.

 These rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices like TV’s,
Radios, Chargers, and Lightings etc.
 MERITS AND DEMERITS

Merits:
 The rectification efficiency of full wave rectifier is double of that of a half
wave rectifier.

 The ripple voltage is low and of higher Frequency in case of a full wave
rectifier so simple filtering circuit is required.

 Higher output voltage higher output power and higher TUF in case of a
full wave rectifier

 In a full wave rectifier, there is no problem due to DC saturation of the

core because the DC currents in the two halves of the transformer
secondary flow in opposite directions

Demerits:
 Full wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and is costlier.
COMPARISION BETWEEN FULL WAVE
AND HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
 . BIBLIOGRAPHY
 wikipedia.com

 Google search engine

 Knowledgecycle.in

 Physics NCERT book for class XII