CEE-381
Credit: 3.0
Wastewater Engineering
Lecture-3
WW characteristics
Dr. Bijit Kumar Banik
Professor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
Contact:
[email protected];
[email protected] Typical composition of untreated domestic WW
Concentration
Contaminants Unit Weak Medium Strong
Solids, total (TS) mg L-1 350 720 1200
Dissolved, total (TDS) mg L-1 250 500 850
Fixed mg L-1 145 300 525
Volatile mg L-1 105 200 325
Suspended solids (SS) mg L-1 100 220 350
Fixed mg L-1 20 55 75
Volatile mg L-1 80 165 275
Settleable solids mg L-1 5 10 20
BOD5 at 20° C mg L-1 110 220 400
Total organic carbon (TOC) mg L-1 80 160 290
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mg L-1 250 500 1000
Nitrogen (total as N) mg L-1 20 40 85
Organic mg L-1 8 15 35
Free ammonia mg L-1 12 25 50
Nitrites mg L-1 0 0 0
Nitrates mg L-1 0 0 0
Phosphorus (total as P) mg L-1 4 8 15
Organic mg L-1 1 3 5
Inorganic mg L-1 3 5 10
Chlorides mg L-1 30 50 100
Sulfate mg L-1 20 30 50
Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg L-1 50 100 200
Metcalf and Eddy (p-109) Grease mg L-1 50 100 150
Total coliform CFU 100 mL-1 106-107 107-108 108-109
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mg L-1 <100 100-400 >400
103-1050C
550 ± 500C
Usually 60 min
Pore size
1.2 µm
550 ± 500C
Fig. Interrelationships
of solids in WW
Metcalf and Eddy (p-52)
Solids found in wastewater
Solid Description
Total Solids (TS) Residue remaining after a wastewater
sample being evaporated and dried at 103
to 105°C
Total Volatile Solids (TVS) Solids volatilized when the TS are ignited
(500 ± 50°C)
Total Fixed Solids (TFS) The residue that remains after TS are
ignited (500 ± 50°C)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Portion of TS retained on a filter after being
dried at 103 to 105°C
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Solids that pass through the filter and are
then evaporated and dried at specified
temperature (103 to 105°C)
Classification of solids found in medium-strength wastewater
Organic Mineral
365 mg/l 355 mg/l
SS > 2 μm; Colloids > 0.001 to 2 μm; Dissolved < 0.001 μm
Metcalf and Eddy (p-56)
Problem (Metcalf & Eddy, p 54)
The following test results were obtained for a wastewater sample taken at the
headworks to a wastewater treatment plant:
Tare mass of evaporating dish=53.5433 g
Mass of evaporating dish plus residue after evaporation at 1050C=53.5794 g
(Not after filtration)
Mass of evaporating dish plus residue after ignition at 5500C=53.5625 g
(Not after filtration)
Tare mass of Whatman GF/C filter after drying at 1050C=1.5433 g
Mass of Whatman GF/C filter and residue after drying at 1050C=1.5554 g
Mass of Whatman GF/C filter and residue after ignition at 5500C=1.5476 g
All of the tests were performed using a sample size of 50 mL.
Determine the concentration of:
A) Total solids, total volatile solids and total dissolved
solids
B) Total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids,
and volatile dissolved solids
The samples used in the solids analyses were all either
evaporated, dried, or ignited to constant weight.
Solution:
1. Determine total solids
2. Determine total volatile solids
3. Determine the total suspended solids
4. Determine the volatile suspended solids
5. Determine the total dissolved solids
6. Determine the volatile dissolved solids
HW: 3-1 to 3-4, P 114 Metcalf and Eddy
Thank you
