American International University- Bangladesh (AIUB)

Faculty of Engineering (FE)

ELECTRONIC DEVICES LAB

Course Name : Course Code :
Spring -2023-2024
Semester : Sec : J(Group-3)
MD. ALOMGIR KABIR
Lab Instructor :

Experiment No : 02
Experiment Name : Study of Diode Rectifiers

Submitted by (NAME): Student ID:

Group Members ID Name

1. Istiaque Mahbub Isti 22-49167-3
2. Eshika Rani Pall 22-49200-3
3. Khadija Akter 22-48295-3
Ibrahim Khalil Ullah
4. 22-48301-3
Midul
5.

Performance Date : 30/01/2024 Due Date : 6/02/2024

Marking Rubrics (to be filled by Lab Instructor)

Proficient Good Acceptable Secured
Category Unacceptable [1]
[6] [4] [2] Marks
All information, All Information Most information
Theoretical Much information
measures and variables provided that is correct, but some
Background, Methods missing and/or
are provided and sufficient, but more information may be
& procedures sections inaccurate.
explained. explanation is needed. missing or inaccurate.
Experimental results
All of the criteria are Most criteria are met,
don’t match exactly Experimental results
met; results are but there may be some
Results with the theoretical are missing or
described clearly and lack of clarity and/or
values and/or analysis incorrect;
accurately; incorrect information.
is unclear.
Demonstrates thorough Hypotheses are clearly
Conclusions don’t
and sophisticated stated, but some Some hypotheses
match hypotheses, not
understanding. concluding statements missing or misstated;
Discussion supported by data; no
Conclusions drawn are not supported by data conclusions not
integration of data from
appropriate for or data not well supported by data.
different sources.
analyses; integrated.
Title page, placement
of figures and figure
Minor errors in Major errors and/or
General formatting captions, and other Not proper style in text.
formatting. missing information.
formatting issues all
correct.
Writing is strong and
Writing is clear and
easy to understand;
easy to understand; Most of the required
ideas are fully
ideas are connected; criteria are met, but
elaborated and
Writing & effective transitions some lack of clarity, Very unclear, many
connected; effective
organization between sentences; typographic, spelling, errors.
transitions between
minor typographic, or grammatical errors
sentences; no
spelling, or are present.
typographic, spelling,
grammatical errors.
or grammatical errors.

Total Marks
Comments:
(Out of ):
Contents
Title....................................................................................................................................................................3
Abstract..............................................................................................................................................................3
Aim Of Objective...............................................................................................................................................3
Apparatus:..........................................................................................................................................................3
Circuits Pictures and Wave................................................................................................................................4
Table:..................................................................................................................................................................6
Simulation :........................................................................................................................................................7
Discussion..........................................................................................................................................................9
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................................9
References..........................................................................................................................................................9
Title: Study of Diode Rectifiers
Abstract: A diode rectifies an ac voltage so that it can be smoothed and converted into a dc voltage. A
rectifier, however, can produce a constant or variable DC voltage. A diode rectifier can produce a fixed DC
voltage whereas an SCR can produce a variable DC voltage.
Aim Of Objective: The study of diode rectifiers is a fundamental aspect of electronic circuits and power
electronics. Diode rectifiers are electronic devices that convert alternating current (AC) into direct current
(DC). The main objective of studying diode rectifiers is :
1. To comprehend the basic operation and behaviour of diodes in both forward and reverse bias.
2. To investigate how diodes convert AC input into a rectified DC output.
3. To compare and contrast half-wave and full-wave rectification techniques and efficiency using
diodes.
4 . Measure and analyze parameters such as peak voltage, average voltage in the rectified output
Theory:
Diode rectifiers are electronic devices used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). They
consist of one or more diodes, which are semiconductor devices that allow current to flow in only one
direction. The most common types of diode rectifiers are:
1. Half-wave rectifier.
2. Full-wave bridge rectifier.
3. Center-tapped Full-wave rectifier.
Working Principle of Half-wave rectifier: The half-wave rectifier operates by utilizing a single diode to
convert alternating current (AC) input into pulsating direct current (DC) output. During the positive half-
cycle of the input AC waveform, the diode becomes forward biased, allowing current to flow through the
load resistor, thereby producing a positive output voltage across the load. However, during the negative half-
cycle, the diode becomes reverse-biased, blocking current flow and resulting in no output across the load. As
a result, the output of the half-wave rectifier consists of only the positive half-cycles of the input AC
waveform, leading to a pulsating DC output. Although simple in design, the half-wave rectifier is less
efficient compared to full-wave rectifiers due to its utilization of only half of the input waveform.

Working Principle of Full-Wave rectifier: A full-wave rectifier functions by utilizing diodes to convert
alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) by allowing both positive and negative halves of the input
AC waveform to be rectified. In a bridge rectifier configuration, comprising four diodes arranged in a bridge
network, during the positive half-cycle of the input AC waveform, two diodes conduct, providing a path for
current flow through the load resistor in one direction. In the subsequent negative half-cycle, the other pair
of diodes conduct, ensuring current still flows through the load resistor but in the opposite direction,
effectively rectifying both halves of the AC input. This process yields a continuous DC output across the
load resistor, ensuring more efficient utilization of the input waveform compared to half-wave rectifiers.

Working Principle of Center-Tapped Full-Wave rectifier: The center-tapped full-wave rectifier operates
by using a center-tapped transformer and two diodes to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current
(DC). The center-tapped transformer provides a mid-point between its secondary winding, which serves as
the reference point for the rectification process. During the positive half-cycle of the input AC waveform,
the upper diode conducts, allowing current to flow through the load resistor connected across the output
terminals. Simultaneously, during the negative half-cycle, the lower diode conducts, enabling current to flow
in the opposite direction through the load resistor. This arrangement ensures that both halves of the input AC
waveform are rectified, resulting in a continuous DC output across the load resistor. The center-tapped full-
wave rectifier configuration offers an efficient utilization of the input waveform and is commonly used in
various power supply applications.

Apparatus:
1. Diode
2. 10K Resistance
3. Oscilloscope
 4. Multimeter

6. 47 𝜇k capacitor
5. Transformer

7. 100 𝜇k capacitor
8. Chord
Circuits Pictures and Wave:
Figure waves of figure of waves of the oscillator
 Figure of the circuits

Table:
Table 1:
Vo (Oscilloscope) Vo (Multimeter)

No 14.60V 6.42V
Capacitance
47μm 14.48V 14.04V

100μm 14.30V 14.07V

Table 2:
Vo (Oscilloscope) Vo (Multimeter)
 No 14.5V 8.47V
Capacitance
47μm 13.83V 11.40V

100μm 13.22V 13.54V

Table 3:
Vo (Oscilloscope) Vo (Multimeter)

No 14.9V 8.86V
Capacitance
47μm 14.36V 12.98V

100μm 14.20V 14.04V

Simulation :

Fig: Half wave (without capacitor)

Fig: Half wave (with capacitor)

Fig: Full wave rectification using four diodes (Bridge Rectifier)

Fig: Full wave rectification using four diodes with capacitor (Bridge Rectifier)

Fig: Full wave rectification using Center tapped transformer without capacitors.
Fig: Full wave rectification using Center tapped transformer with capacitors.

Discussion: This experiment was rectifier diode's operating principle. Only the positive AC peak voltage
was transformed into DC during half-wave rectification. Considering this, the out was preferable incomplete
wave rectification because it can accept both positive and negative peak. The center-trapped form of
rectification, which had lower conversion rate, was discovered in this experiment. because while the other is
being processed, one of the coils must be in reverse bias. In this experiment, the capacitor was also utilized.
because capacitors can hold high voltage peaks and output power when necessary. Utilizing a capacitor, the
oscilloscope clearly showed that the output direct current was better to that when there was no capacitor
present.
Conclusion:
Rectifiers are essential electronic devices used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct
current (DC) by allowing the flow of current in one direction only. This conversion process is
needed where a consistent and unidirectional flow of electrical power is required.
Uses of rectifiers:
Electronic Devices, power supply, battery charging etc.
For Half-Wave Rectifier or Single diode,
Advantages:
simple and cost-effective rectification circuit due to the minimal components required. Requires
only one diode, reducing component cost. Easier to design and troubleshoot due to its simplicity
Disadvantages:
Only utilizes half of the AC waveform, resulting in lower average DC output compared to a fullwave
rectifier.
For Full-Wave Rectifier or Multiple diodes,
Advantages:
Utilizes both halves of the AC waveform, providing a higher average DC output compared to a
half-wave rectifier. The output voltage is higher compared to a half-wave rectifier for the same
input voltage.
Disadvantages:
Compared to a half-wave rectifier, this circuit requires four diodes and is more complex. Costs
rise as the component count rises
References:
1. Robert L. Boyleston, Louis Natinsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Ninth Edition, 2007-
2008
2. Adel S. Sidra, Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Saunders College Publishing, 3rd ed.,
ISBN: 0-03-051648-X, 1991.
3. American International University–Bangladesh (AIUB) Electronic Devices Lab Manual.
4. David J. Comer, Donald T. Comer, Fundamentals of Electronic Circuit Design, john Wiley & Sons
Canada, Ltd.; ISBN: 0471410160, 2002.