WERABE UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ONLINE TICKET RESERVATION FOR WERABE BUS STATION
PREPARED BY:

NAME OF STUDENTS ID NO.

1. FUAD HUSSEN………………………….…....00753/14

2. AHMED CHENU …………………….……….00136/14

3. BEZAWIT SEBSIBE. …...........................00387/14

4. HAYAT FANTAW ………………………..……00895/14

ADVISOR:
Instructor SEID

December 2024
 WERABE UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ONLINE TICKET RESERVATION SYSTEM FOR WERABE
BUS STATION

SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

PREPARED BY:

NAME OF STUDENTS’ ID NO.

1. FUAD HUSSEN………………………….…....00753/14

2. AHMED CHENU …………………….……….00136/14

3. BEZAWIT SEBSIBE. ….........................00387/14

4.HAYAT FANTAW …………………………….00895/14

ADVISOR:
Instructor SIED

December 2024
 Online Ticket Reservation For Werabe

Approval Form
This is to confirm that the project report entitled online ticket reservation submitted to
Werabe University, Institute of Technology department of information technology in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in
information technology is an original work carried out by Student Name 1, Fuad hussen 2,
Ahmed Chenu 3, Bezawit sebsibe 4, Hayat fantaw under my guidance. The matter embodied
in this project is reliable and is genuine work done by the student and has not been submitted
whether to this University or to any other University /Institute for the fulfillment of the
requirement of any study.
Student Team Approval Form
Student Name Student Signature
Fuad hussen ---------------------
Ahmed chenu ---------------------
Bezawit sebsibe ---------------------
Advisor and department head Approval Form
Advisor Name Advisor Signature
Instructor seid -------------------
Department Head Name Department Head
Akmel A Signature
---------------------------------------------- ---------------------
Examiner Approval Form

December 2024

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 Online Ticket Reservation For Werabe

Abstract: This project proposes the development of an online ticket reservation system for
Werabe Bus Station. The system aims to streamline and automate the management of bus
operations including ticketing. The system will also provide a user-friendly interface for both
staff and passengers, allowing for easy access to information and seamless management of bus
resources. This digital transformation is expected to optimize resource utilization, minimize
operational costs, and elevate the passenger experience at Werabe Bus Station. The proposed
system will be developed using the Object-Oriented System Development (OOSD) methodology
to ensure a robust and scalable design. PHP, Bootstrap, and HTML will be utilized for building
the application interface, while MySQL will serve as the database management system to store
and manage all ticket reservations data. This project will serve the needs of multiple user groups,
including bus station administrators, operators, and passengers, providing fast and reliable
services that minimize time and resource wastage. Additionally, the system will address the
weaknesses of the current manual process by identifying existing problems and delivering clear,
actionable solutions.
To ensure the system's reliability and functionality, rigorous testing procedures will be conducted
before deployment. These tests will verify that the system meets all functional requirements and
performs as intended. The project also specifies the necessary hardware and software
requirements to guarantee compatibility and optimal performance. Each team member will
contribute to the project's development by taking on specific tasks and responsibilities, ensuring
efficient collaboration and accountability. Overall, the project aims to transform the ticket
reservation and process at Werabe town bus station, offering an innovative solution that benefits
all users involved.

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Contents
Abstract:.......................................................................................................................................................II
List of Table..................................................................................................................................................V
Abbreviations..............................................................................................................................................VI
CHAPTER ONE...............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Background information of the organization......................................................................................1
1.3 Background of the project..................................................................................................................2
1.4 Problem Statement............................................................................................................................2
1.5 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT...............................................................................................................2
1.5.1 General objective........................................................................................................................2
1.5.2 Specific objective.........................................................................................................................2
1.6. Feasibility study.................................................................................................................................3
1.6.2. Technical feasibility....................................................................................................................3
1.6.3 Economic feasibility.....................................................................................................................3
1.6.4 Behavioral/political feasibility.....................................................................................................3
1.6.5 Schedule Feasibility.....................................................................................................................4
1.6.1 Operational feasibility.................................................................................................................4
1.7. Scope of the project..........................................................................................................................4
1.8 Significance of the project..................................................................................................................5
1.9 Target Beneficiaries............................................................................................................................5
1.10 Methodology....................................................................................................................................6
Hardware Requirement........................................................................................................................6
Software requirement..........................................................................................................................7
1.11 System Analysis and Design Approach.............................................................................................7
1.11.1 Limitation of the Project............................................................................................................7
1.11.2 Risks and contingencies.............................................................................................................7
1.11.3 Assumptions and Constraints....................................................................................................8
1.12 Team Composition..........................................................................................................................10
1.13 Time Table......................................................................................................................................11
Chapter Two| Description of the Existing System......................................................................................12

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2.1 Introduction of Existing System........................................................................................................12

2.2Users of the Existing System..............................................................................................................12
2.3 Major functions of the Existing System............................................................................................13
2.4 Existing System Workflow Structure.................................................................................................13
2.5 Bottlenecks of the existing system...................................................................................................15
2.5.1 Performance (Response time)...................................................................................................15
2.5.2 input(inaccurate/redundant/flexible) and output (inaccurate).................................................15
2.5.3 Security and Controls.................................................................................................................15
2.5.4 efficiency...................................................................................................................................15

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 Online Ticket Reservation For Werabe

List of Table
Table 1: team organization.........................................................................................................................10
Table 2:Time Table.....................................................................................................................................11

V
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Abbreviations
CSS………………………………………………………………….Cascading Style Sheet
E.C.....................................................................Ethiopian Calendar
HTML………………………………………………………………Hyper Text Markup Language
MYSQL…………………………………………………………..MY Structured Query Language
PHP………………………………………………………………Hyper Text pre-processor

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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
This system mainly works for the managers to book online tickets for passengers and car queues
for drivers.
The proposed system aims to streamline and automate various aspects that are service
management that means ticket booking, scheduling the car, enhancing operational efficiency and
improving the overall passenger experience. This system will include several essential modules
designed to handle the needs of both ticket reservation and service requester. (1)
The notification and comment module will facilitate better communication between drivers and
management, ensuring that important feedback is promptly addressed. Vehicle registration will
be streamlined through an online module, allowing managers to register new vehicles efficiently.
The reservation module will support managers in making passenger reservations, while features
displaying ticket and seat availability will provide passengers with real-time information,
improving their planning and travel experience

1.2 Background information of the organization

Werabe town is located in the center zone of the southern nation’s nationalities and people’s
region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia. Its serves as the administrative center of the silte zone. The town is
strategically positioned along key regional transportation routes.
The Werabe town bus station serves as a central point for both intercity and local travel,
connecting Werabe to surrounding rural areas, towns, and cities. It facilitates the movement of
people and goods, supporting local commerce and social interactions. The station typically
features ticketing offices, waiting areas, and designated parking spaces for minibuses, buses, and
other vehicles. However, like many regional bus stations, it may face challenges such as
overcrowding, outdated infrastructure, and a lack of modern management systems
As the town grows there is a need for improved transportations systems including better
scheduling, ticketing and passenger management solutions to enhance efficiency and convenience
for traveller’s .this improvements can play significant role in boosting the town’s socio-economic
development.

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1.3 Background of the project

Background Study of online ticket reservation to address these challenges by automating and
streamlining various processes such as scheduling, ticketing Design and Development of a Web
Based ticket reservation.
This system will enable better resource allocation, reduce manual errors, and improve overall
operational efficiency Design and Development of an online ticket reservation. Additionally, a
user-friendly interface will facilitate easy access to information for staff and passengers,
enhancing the overall user experience Design and Development of an online ticket reservation.
(2)

1.4 Problem Statement

The current system at Werabe Bus Station presents significant challenges in managing ticket
reservations. The allocation of buses to routes is disproportionate to the number of passengers,
resulting in inefficiencies such as long queues for ticket purchases. Buses are assigned to specific
routes for a month, but if there are no passengers for a particular route, the buses remain idle,
wasting resources and creating inefficiencies. Conversely, when passengers need to travel to a
specific destination but no buses are available; it causes inconvenience and disrupts their plans.
These issues underscore the absence of a dynamic and efficient system to match bus availability
with passenger demand. As a result, the current manual system leads to inefficiencies and
dissatisfaction for both passengers and bus operators, highlighting the need for a web-based
solution to streamline ticket reservations .

1.5 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.5.1 General objective

The general objective of this project is to develop an efficient, user-friendly and comprehensive
online ticket reservation for Werabe bus station.

1.5.2 Specific objective

The specific objectives of the project, which will be done in order to achieve the general
objective, are.
 Analyze gathered information using document.
 Develop the proposed system.
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 Implement the proposed system in efficient way.

1.6. Feasibility study

Here we are going to see whether our project is technically, economically and operationally
feasible or not which enables us to decide to continue or halt the project.

1.6.2. Technical feasibility

Our project is technically feasible, the system will be developed using modern web technologies
including PHP, Bootstrap, CSS, JavaScript, HTML and MYSQL. The team has sufficient
expertise these tools and methodologies ensuring no technical challenges in its development.

1.6.3 Economic feasibility

In existing manual ticket reservation management system the stakeholder’s have to maintain a
large number of papers or forms. This can be avoided by putting the data in the computer format
that is cheaper and reliable. Since the cost of resources for development of system satisfies the
organization, the software is economically feasible. It has two benefits.
 Tangible benefits:-
 Reduction of resource wastage
 Reduction of space needed to record data.
 Intangible benefit:-.The system we are developing has many intangible benefits that revolve
around mental satisfaction of users. those are:-
 Give better and effective service
 Error reduction.
 Increase efficiency
 Increase security

1.6.4 Behavioral/political feasibility

User Acceptance:
Users (passengers, staff, and drivers) may initially resist switching from manual to digital
systems due to unfamiliarity.
Training Needs:
Bus station staff will require basic IT training to operate the system efficiently.
Cultural Adaptation:

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Many passengers in Werabe might be accustomed to on-the-spot ticket purchases. The system
should accommodate both online and manual bookings during the transition period.
Conclusion: With proper training and awareness campaigns, user adoption is achievable.

1.6.5 Schedule Feasibility

Estimated Timeline:
Phase 1(1-2 weeks): Research proposal
Phase 2 (1-2 weeks): Requirement gathering.
Phase 3 (4-5 Weeks): System Analysis and Design.
Phase 4 (1-2 months): Full implementation and support.
Realistic Execution:
A 5–6 month timeline is feasible, considering the resources and cooperation of stakeholders.
Conclusion: The project can be completed within the proposed schedule if all phases are
managed efficiently.

1.6.1 Operational feasibility

This ticket reservation management system is operationally feasible and it doesn’t affect the
organization structure. It transforms the current manual transportation activities to a well-
organized system by reserving seats, sending maintenance request, reporting emergencies and
other common activities. The system is also operationally feasible in terms of reliability,
maintainability, supportability, usability and flexibility. The system will be:-
 Operated by any users
 User friendly
 Easier for navigate the page

1.7. Scope of the project

Our system performs or includes the following functions such as.

 Make reservation:-the system supports the actors of the system i.e. managers to make reservation
for passengers.
 Show availability of ticket:-the proposed system of the project is support the passengers to see
availability of tickets in the system.
 Show availability of seat:-the system show availability of seat numbers of the passengers so the

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passenger see his/her own seat numbers based on the system required personal information from
users.
 Cancellation of reservation ticket:-the proposed system also cancels tickets i.e. tickets have
already used and the system needs to replace old
 Generate report: - the system supports the managers to generate reports that are related to
passengers and actors of the data.
 Assign car:-the system supports to assign bus for the reservation by manager.
 Postpone reservation: the system include postponing reservation for the next and the day that any
case related to the company and the users.
 Search, insert; delete, view travler’s data:-from the system database the authorized user can view
data’s, delete, and insert appropriate information.
 Update data;-the system also support to update accounts of user by authorized actor.

1.8 Significance of the project

After development of the new system: it gives the following advantages.
 To make easy bus assignation.
 High coordination between various employers.
 Minimizes cost of operations and the work load.
 Easy to manage historical data in secure manner.
 Passengers get high satisfaction.
 To make easy and fast report generate.
 Easy to process requests.
 Easy to get the required detailed information about specific bus.

1.9 Target Beneficiaries

The online ticket reservation and bus scheduling for Werabe Bus Station is designed to benefit
multiple stakeholders, each gaining significant advantages from its implementation:
Passengers
Enjoy streamlined ticket booking and real-time bus tracking for a smoother travel experience.
Access up-to-date information on schedules, routes, and availability, reducing waiting times and
improving travel planning
Bus Station Management
Improve operational efficiency with automated scheduling.

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Bus operator and Drivers

Simplify the process of ticket booking and schedules.
Receive timely notifications and updates, enhancing communication and reducing errors.
Ticketing and Customer Service Staff
Streamline ticketing processes and improve customer service with easy access to real-time
information.
Enhance the overall efficiency of handling passenger inquiries and ticket sales.

1.10 Methodology
Requirements gathering are the process of identifying the exact needs of the project from
initiation to completion. The methodology outlines the approach used to develop the Online
Ticket Reservation System and Bus Scheduling System for Werabe Bus Station. Various methods
were employed to gather the necessary information, including
Interview:

This method involved direct communication with key stakeholders, including Werabe Bus
Station management, ticketing clerks and passengers. The primary goal was to understand the
challenges in the existing manual ticket booking and bus scheduling process and gather insights
into specific requirements for an online system.
Observation:

The day-to-day operations of the bus station, including ticket booking, seat allocation, and bus
scheduling, were observed. This helped validate the requirements gathered through interviews
and provided a clearer picture of the current workflow, inefficiencies, and pain points.
Documentation Review
Relevant documents, reports, and records related to the current ticketing and scheduling process
were collected and analyzed. This review provided additional context, such as peak travel times,
customer preferences, and operational challenges, to support the project’s design and
implementation.

Hardware Requirement
 Computer: To develop the documentation as well as the application.
 Flash: Used as move data from one to other.

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Software requirement
 Modeling software
 Visual paradigm-Used to draw diagrams like use case diagram and activity diagram.
 Designing Software
 MySQL server-This software will used for designing Database.
Implementation Software

Operating System: Windows 10.To have good speed of operations or execution time of tasks.
Notepad: To write PHP codes.

1.11 System Analysis and Design Approach

1.11.1 Limitation of the Project

While the online web-based ticket reservation for Werabe bus station offers numerous it has
certain limitations:
We do not respond to car accident or maintenance on the road, we cannot solve the car shortage
in station.
The system relies heavily on stable internet connectivity. In areas with poor or intermittent
internet service, the system's effectiveness may be compromised.
Staff and users may need time to adapt to the new system. Resistance to change and the learning
curve associated with new technology can be challenging to manage.

1.11.2 Risks and contingencies

Risks
Technical Risks:
 Insufficient internet connectivity in the town.
 System crashes or server downtime.
Operational Risks:
 Resistance from staff or users to adopt the system.
 Poor scheduling adherence by drivers and buses.
Financial Risks:
 Budget overruns during development and deployment.
 Low adoption rate reducing the return on investment (ROI).

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Security Risks:
 Data breaches or unauthorized access to sensitive user information.
 Fraudulent activities, such as fake bookings.
Environmental Risks:
 Power outages disrupting system availability.
2. Contingencies
Technical:
 Use cloud-based servers with backup systems to ensure high availability.
 Plan for offline functionalities for areas with poor connectivity.
Operational:
 Conduct training sessions for staff and awareness campaigns for users.
 Implement strict monitoring and evaluation for schedule adherence.
Financial:
 Allocate contingency funds for unexpected costs.
 Offer initial discounts or incentives to boost system adoption.
Security:
 Use secure payment gateways and encrypt sensitive data.
 Implement authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access.
Environmental:

 Equip the system with uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) to manage outages.

1.11.3 Assumptions and Constraints

1. Assumptions
 The majority of users (passengers and staff) have access to mobile phones or computers.
 Internet connectivity is available at least intermittently for accessing the system.
 Sufficient funding is allocated to develop and maintain the system.
 Local bus operators are willing to integrate their schedules into the system.
 Staff and passengers will adapt to the system with proper training and support.
2. Constraints
 Technical Constraints:
 Limited access to high-speed internet in the region.
 Compatibility with older devices and browsers.
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 Financial Constraints:
 A fixed budget may limit the system’s features and scalability.
 Operational Constraints:
 Dependence on drivers and operators to follow the system’s schedules.
 Resistance to technology from users unfamiliar with online systems.
 Time Constraints:
 The system must be developed and implemented within the agreed timeline (6–8 months).
 Regulatory Constraints:
 Compliance with local transportation and data protection laws.
 By addressing these risks, assumptions, and constraints, the system can be designed to
deliver a practical and efficient solution tailored to Werabe Town's needs.

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1.12 Team Composition

Table 1: team organization

Project title

Prepared by NO Name Id no. Email Responsibility

1 Fuad 00753/14 [email protected] Analyst and programmers.

Hussen Code developer data

collector

2 Ahmed chenu 00136/14 [email protected] Analyst and programmers.

Code developer data

collector

3 Bezawit sebsibe 00387/14 [email protected] Analyst and programmers.

Code developer data

collector

4 Hayat fantaw 00895/14 [email protected] Analyst and programmers.

Code developer data

collector

Date 2025G.C

Advisor Sied

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1.13 Time Table

Week 1 Week 2- Week Week Week Week
3 4-5 6-7 8-12 13
Introduction
System

requirement
and
specification
System model
System design
Implementation
Test

Table 2:Time Table

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Chapter Two| Description of the Existing System

2.1 Introduction of Existing System

The existing system that has been practiced in Werabe transport organization is manual system
and Ticket reserving systems are monitored with paper work. Workers and passengers are move
to the ticket office in directly going to the office room to another room in the organization,
workers communicate manually. The existing werabe transportation ticket function is performed
by manually when the traveler is coming to buy tickets. This Functions in various ways
 Receive the cost in manually
 Register the traveler Record seat number.
 Supply ticket.

2.2Users of the Existing System

The existing system at Werabe Bus Station involves a variety of users, each contributing to its
operations and services.
Passengers are the primary users, as they purchase tickets for intercity and regional travel. They
rely on the system to obtain accurate information about schedules, routes, and fares, often
experiencing challenges due to the manual nature of the process.
Ticket Sellers/Agents are responsible for selling tickets at station counters. They manually handle
seat reservations and seat availability, ensuring passengers receive tickets while maintaining
manual records, which can be prone to errors or delays.
Bus Drivers and Conductors play a vital role in the travel process. They collect tickets from
passengers during boarding, verify seat assignments, and ensure passengers are seated according
to their tickets. Conductors also manage on-the-spot fare collection for end route passengers.
Station Managers oversee the station's overall functionality, including managing daily operations
such as scheduling buses, resolving complaints, and addressing disputes between passengers and
staff. They also handle issues related to overbooking and ensure the station adheres to operational
standards.
Vendors and Service Providers enhance passenger experiences by offering services like food,
beverages, and luggage storage. These users create a vibrant ecosystem within the station but
often operate informally, which limits their integration into the station's system.

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Maintenance Staff ensure the station's infrastructure, including seating areas, ticket counters,
and other facilities, remains operational and clean. They are critical for providing a safe and
comfortable environment for passengers and staff.
These diverse users collectively maintain the station's operations, though the current manual
system imposes limitations such as inefficiency, delays, and inaccuracies, highlighting the need
for modernization through an online ticket reservation system.

2.3 Major functions of the Existing System

 Manual Ticket Issuance
 Passengers visit the station physically to buy tickets.
 Tickets are usually handwritten or printed manually.
 Scheduling and Route Management
 Fixed schedules and routes are maintained for buses.
 Changes or delays are communicated verbally or via notice boards.
 Seat Allocation
 Seats are allocated manually during ticket purchase, often leading to conflicts or
errors.
 Fare Collection
 Cash-based transactions are the primary mode of payment.
 Conductors may collect additional fares for passengers boarding end route.
 Customer Assistance
 Station staff provide information about bus schedules, routes, and ticket availability.
 Luggage Management
 Passengers’ luggage is handled manually, with limited or no receipts for proof of
ownership.
 Reporting and Records
 Sales and operational data are recorded manually, often lacking detailed insights or
real-time updates.

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2.4 Existing System Workflow Structure

Passenger Inquiry
Trigger: A passenger arrives at the station or calls to inquire about schedules, fares, and seat
availability.
Action: The passenger asks for the desired route, date, and time.
Staff checks schedules and available buses manually (often from a ledger or notice board).
Output: Information on schedules, fares, and seat availability is shared verbally or displayed on a
notice board.
Ticket Purchase
Trigger: The passenger decides to book a ticket.
Action: The passenger provides details (destination).
Staff verifies availability of seats and allocates them manually.
A handwritten or pre-printed ticket is issued after payment (usually cash).
Output: A ticket is given to the passenger, and the seat is marked as booked in the station's
manual record.
Boarding Preparation
Trigger: The scheduled bus arrives at the station, and boarding begins.
Action: Passengers gather at the boarding area, holding their tickets.
Staff (driver/conductor) verifies tickets manually and assigns seats if not pre-assigned.
Output: Passengers board the bus, and the journey commences.
Luggage Management
Trigger: Passengers bring luggage for transport.
Action: Staff collects luggage and places it in the bus storage area.
In most cases, no formal tagging or receipt system is in place.
Output: Luggage is stored in the bus, and passengers are responsible for its safety.
End Route Operations
Trigger: The bus begins its journey and stops at intermediary stations.
Action: Additional passengers may board, and fare collection is managed directly by the
conductor.
Conductors check the availability of unoccupied seats manually.
Output: Passengers pay directly, and new passengers join the journey.

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Reporting and Record Keeping

Trigger: At the end of the day, station staff reconcile ticket sales and operations.
Action: Total ticket sales and revenue are tallied manually.
Records of tickets sold, bus schedules, and passenger counts are updated in ledgers.
Output: Financial records and operational logs are maintained manually for future reference.

2.5 Bottlenecks of the existing system

The existing system’s bottlenecks are primarily due to manual processes, lack of automation, and
inadequate security measures. Addressing these issues with a modernized online ticket
reservation system will significantly enhance performance, input/output accuracy, security, and
efficiency. There are bottlenecks based on

2.5.1 Performance (Response time)

Performance issues are evident in the response time for various operations. Passengers experience
long delays while purchasing tickets, as the process involves manually checking schedules and
seat availability. Similarly, updates about schedule changes or cancellations are communicated
slowly, leading to confusion and inefficiencies in operations.

2.5.2 input(inaccurate/redundant/flexible) and output (inaccurate)

In terms of Input and Output, the system struggles with inaccuracies and redundancy. Input errors
often occur during manual seat allocation, which can lead to overbooking or unregistered
passengers. Passengers may be required to provide the same information multiple times, making
the process repetitive and time-consuming. On the output side, reports on ticket sales, seat
availability, and revenue are often inaccurate due to the manual record-keeping process, which
lacks real-time updates and proper data validation.

2.5.3 Security and Controls

Security and Controls are also significant challenges in the current system. Manual tickets are
prone to forgery, loss, and duplication, making it difficult to verify their authenticity. Cash-based
transactions increase the risk of theft and mismanagement, while the absence of proper access
controls for operational data leaves records vulnerable to tampering. Additionally, the lack of a
formal luggage tagging system can result in disputes over lost or misplaced belongings.

2.5.4 efficiency

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Finally, the system suffers from poor Efficiency due to its reliance on manual processes. The time
taken for ticketing, boarding, and resolving disputes is excessively high, while staff resources are
not utilized optimally.
Errors in scheduling and seat allocation further reduce operational efficiency, with buses often
being overbooked or underutilized. Furthermore, the lack of automated tools means that staff
must invest a significant amount of time and effort in tasks that could otherwise be handled by a
digital system, such as generating reports or reconciling ticket sales. This results in operational
bottlenecks and makes it difficult for the station to handle peak periods effectively, such as
holidays or market days. The inefficiency also extends to passenger handling, as manual
processes often frustrate passengers, leading to dissatisfaction and complaints. Addressing these
inefficiencies through an automated system would improve resource utilization, reduce errors,
and streamline operations, leading to a more seamless experience for both passengers and staff.

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