CREATIVE WRITING

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade: ______________________________________ Section: ___________________

 Quarter: 2 Week: 1 eSSLM No. 1 MELC(s): Identify the various elements,

techniques, and literary devices in drama (HUMSS_CW/MPIj-IIc-15)
 Objectives:
a. define drama;
b. identify the types of drama; and
c. analyze the elements, techniques and literary device used in a drama.
 Topic: Various Elements, Techniques and Literary Devices of Drama

Activity

ACTIVITY 1: UNMASK ME!

A. Directions: Look at the four images provided and write the word that links
them together.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

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 B. Directions: Study carefully the cryptic
codes below. Unlock the codes in
every item by using them. Once unlocked, write your answer on
the space provided and then supply the concept or idea needed.
Number 1 is done for you. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answers.

1. = DRAMA

2. = _______________

3. = _______________

4. = _______________

5.
= _______________

ACTIVITY 2: "Watch, Discuss, Discover!"

Directions: You will view a short clip from a Filipino film entitled, “Tanging Yaman”.
Pay close attention to the characters, their actions, and the overall
mood
of the scene. Be guided by the following questions.

1. What is happening in this clip? How does this scene move the story forward?
2. How do characters behave in this scene?

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 3. Is there any conflict presented in the clip? What kind of conflict is it?

Analysis

ACTIVITY 3: MY DRAMATIC INSIGHTS

A. Directions: In order for you to gain more understanding about our

lesson,
answer the following questions.

1. After watching the clip, how would you define drama in your own words? What
distinguishes it from other forms of literature?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. What are the fundamental elements of drama that are evident in the clip? How these
elements interact to create a cohesive story?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. Reflect on a dramatic work that resonated with you personally. What aspects of the
drama did you relate to, and why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

B. Directions: Write a brief description (3-5 sentences) of characters wearing the

masks. Describe the personality they show to the world versus
what they hide underneath. Use this to highlight conflict and key
elements in drama.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/movie-review-romeo-and-juliet--149674387589302372/

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 "Drama often masks deeper emotions and truths. Imagine the mask represents a
character’s outward appearance, while beneath it lies their true feelings or conflict.
Who are these characters? What are they hiding?"

Abstraction

DRAMA

What is Drama?
Drama comes from the Greek word, “dran” which means “to do” or “to act”. Doing/Acting
makes drama. It is the presentation of actions on a stage through actors/actress before an
audience. Drama generally takes the form of the theatre performance but it can as easily be
transferred broadcasting to a home television screen, or to the printed page. Finally, drama
mirrors the life, customs, manner and general living habits of the people.

Types of Drama

1. Tragedy- It is a form of drama that explores the downfall of a protagonist due to tragic
flaws, external circumstances, or a combination of both. Tragedies evoke emotions such as
pity and fear and often end in catastrophe or death for the central character.

Example: “Oedipus Rex” of Sophocles focuses on Oedipus the King and his fatal flaw:
hubris. Believing he can defeat fate; he discovers his true parentage and the nature of his
own crimes.

2. Comedy- It is characterized by humor, wit, and lightheartedness. It often involves

misunderstandings, mistaken identities, and humorous situations. Comedies aim to entertain
and uplift the audience.

Example: Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest is a classic comedy that employs
wit and satire to explore themes of social conventions and identity.

3. Tragicomedy- This type of drama combines the characteristics of a comedy and a

tragedy. Despite of all the tragic events that had happened, the story still ends happily for
the protagonist. Tragicomedy serves the purpose of delivering a commentary on a society’s
decaying moral fibers, human behavior, and practices in a humorous fashion. Hence, it
sounds funny yet the tragic part is the sarcasm of the entire story of the drama.

Example: William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is considered a tragicomedy

because it blends serious themes like racial intolerance and Shylock’s tragic downfall with a
happy resolution for the main characters, creating a mix of both tragic tension and comedic
relief.

4. Farce- It is a nonsensical form of drama and is considered a type of a comedy. It is

usually full of exaggerations and characterized by the use of slapstick humor or boisterous
actions, physical humor, deliberate absurdity, and obvious jokes. These are elements that
usually make the audience laugh in a farce. What makes a farce entirely different is the mere
fact that it only aims at making the audience laugh.

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Example: The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare relies on exaggerated
characters, over-the-top situations, and broad physical humor to create comedy.

5. Melodrama- it is an exaggerated form of drama. The melodrama is also referred to as

sentimental drama. Its plot revolves around the hardships suffered by a virtuous character at
the hands of the villainous character (or characters). The story ends though with the virtuous
character triumphant.

Example: Jean Jacques Rousseau’s play Pygmalion is an adaptation of the classic Greek
myth, which tells of the sculpture Pygmalion who falls in love with his own statue, which
eventually comes to life. Rousseau’s work combined music, and spoken word on stage to
enhance the audience’s emotional experience.

6. Musical Drama- it is a type of drama takes advantage of the power of music. Instead of
pure dialogue and acting, the musical drama (or musical play or simply musical) makes use
of dancing and singing to tell a story.

Example: Andrew Lloyd Weber’s The Phantom of the Opera is a well-known example of a
musical drama that tells the story of obsession.

Elements of Drama

The elements of drama can be categorized into three major areas: literary elements,
technical elements, and performance elements (drama techniques). Aristotle's (a Greek
Philosopher) essential elements of drama became the standard elements used in modern
time. There are six (6) literary elements of drama according to him. They are as follows:

1. Plot- It is what happens in the play. It is the action and the basic storyline of the
story. The plot serves as the skeleton of the story that brings the actions into a
cohesive and more organized form.
2. Theme- It refers to the meaning of the story. It is the main idea or lesson to be
learned from the story. Others refer to it as the soul of the story. Sometimes, the
theme is obvious; other times it is quite subtle.
3. Characters- These are the people (sometimes animals or ideas) portrayed by the
actors in the play. It is the characters who move the action or plot of the play forward.

Types of Character
a. Protagonist is the main character of a story.
b. Antagonist is the opposite of a Protagonist. Usually, the villain or opponent of the
main character.
c. Round character is complex and undergo development.
d. Flat character is relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the
whole story.
4. Dialogue- It refers to the words written by the playwright and spoken by the
characters in the play.
a. Dialogue is conversation between two or more characters.

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 b. Monologue is a lengthy speech that one character addresses to others on stage.
c. Asides are speeches, often short, made to the audience or to himself, or even to
another character, but out of earshot of the other characters on stage.
d. Soliloquy is a long speech that reveals a character’s true thoughts or feelings,
unheard by other characters, usually while alone on stage.
5. Music/Rhythm- It refers to the rhythm of the actors' voices as they speak. Music and
rhythm help in establishing the mood of the play and build the impelling force that
may lead to a climax.
6. Spectacle- It is the visual elements of a play: sets, costumes, special effects, etc.
Spectacle is everything that the audience sees as they watch the play.

Technical Elements
1. Scene (Set)- It is the theatrical equipment, such as curtains, flats, backdrops, or
platforms, used in a dramatic production to communicate environment.
2. Costumes- It refers to clothing and accessories used by actors to portray characters
3. Properties- any movable object that appears on stage.
4. Sound- It refers to the effects an audience hears during the performance.
5. Lights- It is the placement, intensity, and color of lights to help communicate
environment, mood, or feeling.
6. Makeup- It includes costumes, wigs, and body paints used to transform characters.

Other Elements
1. Playwright- It is the author of a play (script).
2. Script- It is the written pages of a play. Scripts are divided into Acts and Scenes.
Acts- These are long sections of a play, made up of multiple scenes, usually
designed to separate the play into its main parts and to give the audience a “break”
from the performance.
Scenes- These are shorter sections of a play, usually each scene occurs in one
location at a specific time. Multiple scenes make up an act. It is often signaled by the
entrance or exit of a character or change in setting or focus of the action.
3. Setting- It is the place, together with other conditions, such as time and the
environment, involved in which the events occur. The setting in the drama can be
presented through the visual element deals with the scenes, costumes and special
effects used in it. The setting can as well be enhanced by using viewable elements,
sound effects, and music.
4. Conflict – It is the internal or external struggle that creates dramatic tension.

Drama Techniques
1. Vocal Dynamics – Actors need to expand their vocal toolbox and learn about the
ways that range, pitch, and pronunciation which affect performance.
2. Body Language and Mannerisms - Actors bring their characters to life by moving,
reacting, and even standing in nuanced ways that are natural for their character.
3. Use and Awareness of Space - Actors need to be aware not just of your “marks” on
stage, but also of the actors who must interact with or move past you.
4. Improvisational Techniques- These refer to the on-the-spot creativity of the actors.

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Common Literary Devices Used in Drama
1. Figures of Speech- These are expressive language tools used by writers and
speakers to convey meaning, emphasize points, or evoke emotions in a more
imaginative, vivid, and engaging way. They often go beyond the literal meaning of
words to create more impact or deeper understanding.
2. Imagery- It is the author’s attempt to create a mental picture in the mind of the
reader. It appeals to the senses.
3. Flashback- It is a scene that interrupts the present action to depict an event from the
past.
4. Foreshadowing- The use of hints or clues to suggest events that will occur later in
the plot.
5. Symbolism- The use of objects, actions, or characters to represent an idea or
concept greater than themselves.

Application

ACTIVITY 4: SPOT THE DRAMA

Directions: Read the excerpts. Each excerpt represents a specific type of drama. After
reading each excerpt, identify which type of drama it represents. Briefly explain
in
2-3 sentences why you classified the excerpt as that specific type of drama.
Consider the tone, characters, subject matter, and style of the dialogue.

Excerpt 1:
“Oh, do not go, gentle prince! The world is a bleak, cruel place, and without you, all will be
lost.” “Fear not, sweet lady, for though I depart, my heart remains ever with you, through
darkness and light.”

Type of Drama: ________________

Justification: _________________________________

Excerpt 2:
“Quick! Hide under the table before the mayor sees us! We can’t let him know we ate all the
cake!”

Type of Drama: ________________

Justification: _________________________________

Excerpt 3:
“For every tear you’ve shed, I shall shed a thousand more. The heavens themselves will
weep at the loss we endure today.
Type of Drama: ________________
Justification: _________________________________

Excerpt 4:
“If you think this is the end, think again. I’ve survived far worse than this, and I will rise again,
stronger than ever before.”

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Type of Drama: ________________
Justification: _________________________________

ACTIVITY 5: DRAMA IN FOCUS

You’re doing great! How do you feel about it? Do you want to add more proof of your
understanding? Try this.

Directions: Watch and read the Act 1, Scene 5, of Romeo and Juliet where Romeo and
Juliet
meet for the first time at the Capulet party. Identify and analyze the various
elements, techniques, and literary devices used in that particular scene. Use the
spaces provided below or you may use an additional sheet of paper.

Title: __________________________________
Playwright: _____________________________

Elements Techniques Literary Devices

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 Evaluation

A. Directions: Read carefully the provided dialogue from The World is an Apple. Pay
attention to the emotions and motivations expressed by the character.
After reading the dialogue, answer the following multiple-choice
questions. Each question focuses on different aspects of the drama,
including character analysis, themes, and literary devices. Choose the
best answer from the options provided.

Dialogue:

"I didn’t want to steal. I had no choice. What kind of father would I be if I let my family
starve?" – Mario

1. What does Mario's statement reveal about his character?

a) He feels justified in his actions due to desperation.
b) He has no understanding of right and wrong.
c) He is indifferent to his family's needs.
d) He is a happy and content father.

2. Which two elements of drama are primarily reflected in Mario's dialogue? (Select two)
a) Plot b) Theme c) Setting d) Characterization

3. How does the theme of sacrifice emerge from this dialogue?

a) It emphasizes that Mario believes he must compromise his morals for the sake of survival.
b) It suggests that material possessions are more important than family.
c) It indicates that fathers should not have to make difficult choices.
d) It shows that all fathers are willing to sacrifice for their families.

4. What literary device is evident in the phrase "What kind of father would I be if I let my
family starve"?
a) Simile b) Metaphor c) Personification d) Rhetorical question

5. In what way does this dialogue reflect the broader societal issues addressed in the play?
a) It reveals the struggle between moral integrity and survival in a corrupt society.
b) It indicates that love and family can overcome any obstacle.
c) It highlights the importance of wealth and social status.
d) It shows that crime is the only solution to poverty.

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 References

“AIRs- LM in Creative Writing”. Accessed October 25, 2024

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/nueva-ecija-university-of-science-and-
technology/bsed-english/creative-writing-melc-6/13956862/download/creative-
writing-melc-6.pdf

“Creative Writing12 Q2 Module 3”. Accessed October 25, 2024

https://pdfcoffee.com/creativewriting12q2mod3reading-and-writing-dramav2-
pdf-free.html

“Creative Writing Quarter 2 - Module 6 Elements, Techniques, and Literary Devices

in Drama. Accessed October 25, 2024
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-notes/7237838

“Different Types of Drama in Literature”. Accessed October 25, 2024

https://learn.humsa.com/drama/7-different-types-of-drama-in-literature/

“Elements of Drama”. Accessed October 25, 2024

https://www.scribd.com/document/212019923/Elements-of-Drama

Talingting, J. (2020). Creative writing quarter 2 – module 1: various elements,

techniques, and literary devices of drama. Department of Education-
SOCCSKSARGEN Region.

“What is Drama?”. Accessed October 23, 2024

https://englishliterature.education/articles/guides/what-is-drama-what-is-
drama-in-literature-features-types-details-students-must-know/

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 eSSLM Development Team
Writer: Jeanmar S. De Los Reyes
Focal Person: Esther D. Vinson
Content Evaluator: Imelda C. Martinez
Content Evaluator: Doane D. Nadong
Creative Arts Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Education Program Supervisor: Sally A. Palomo
Education Program Supervisor – Learning Resources: Aileen A. Jamero
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief: Juliet F. Lastimosa
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Mervie Y. Seblos, CESE
Schools Division Superintendent: Isagani S. Dela Cruz, CESO V

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