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48 views23 pages

Electron Structure F1 Chemistry Lesson 1 A944747235

Uploaded by

FORTUNE “Official” NYONI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHEMISTRY

FORM 1

ELECTRON STRUCTURE/
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

PRESENTED BY MICHAEL .T. KAMANGA


SUCCESS CRITERIA
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
• Describe the arrangement of electrons in shells of an atom
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
• The atomic structure is a fundamental concept in chemistry and
physics that describes the arrangement of subatomic particles
within an atom.
• Here's a quick overview to help remind you of the key aspects of
atomic structure:
Basic Components of an Atom
Nucleus:
1. The dense central core of an atom.
2. Contains protons and neutrons.
Protons:

1. Positively charged particles.


2. The number of protons defines the atomic number and determines the
element.

Neutrons:
1. Neutral particles with no charge.
2. Together with protons, they contribute to the atomic mass.
Electrons:
1. Negatively charged particles.
2. Orbit the nucleus in various energy levels or electron shells.

Understanding these basics of atomic structure helps in


comprehending how atoms interact, form bonds, and participate
in chemical reactions.
DEFINITION OF ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
OR ELECTRON STRUCTURE
• Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in the
orbitals of an atom or molecule.

• This configuration describes the distribution of electrons among


the various atomic orbitals.

• Understanding electron configuration is essential for explaining the


chemical behavior and properties of elements.
• In chemistry, energy levels refer to the fixed distances from the nucleus of
an atom where electrons can exist.

• These levels are quantized, meaning electrons can only occupy specific
energy levels and not the spaces in between.

• Energy levels are also known as shells.

• Understanding energy levels is crucial for explaining the behavior of


electrons in atoms and how they interact with each other during chemical
reactions.
• Each energy level has its own definite amount of
energy.
• The energy level nearer the nucleus has the lowest
energy compared to all the others.
• The further an energy level is from the nucleus, the
more the energy it has.
• The electrons in a given energy level also posses the same amount
of energy as the level.
• If the energy of an electron is increased, the electron will jump to
the next energy level.
• Energy levels helps explain the electronic structure of atoms and
their chemical behaviour, providing a basis for predicting how
different elements will react and interact.
ENERGY LEVELS AND NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
ENERGY LEVEL POSSIBLE NUMBER OF
ELECTRONS HELD BY LEVEL
1 2
2 8
3 8
4 18
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION OF CALCIUM

Image source https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/1.1.2%20-%20Model%20of%20the%20atom/1.1.7.2%20-


CHLORINE

Image source https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Electron-Configuration-03.png


ELECTRON CONFIGURATION OF THE FIRST
20 ELEMENTS

Image source https://healthylocalorganicfood.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/img_566c9f610c5af-1.png


THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Here are some key reasons why electron configuration is important:

1. Chemical Bonding

○ Valence Electrons: Electron configuration helps determine the number of valence


electrons, which are the outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding.

○ Types of Bonds: The configuration reveals how atoms can form different types of bonds,
such as ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, based on the sharing or transfer of electrons.

○ Molecular Geometry: The arrangement of electrons influences the geometry of molecules,


affecting their shape and properties.
2. Periodic Table Trends
○ Element Properties: Electron configuration explains the
placement of elements in the periodic table, helping predict
properties such as reactivity, electronegativity, and ionization
energy.

○ Groups and Periods: Elements with similar electron


configurations are grouped together, showing trends in behavior
across periods and down groups.
3. Reactivity and Stability
○ Octet Rule: Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to
achieve a stable electron configuration similar to noble gases,
often with eight valence electrons.

○ Reactivity: Elements with incomplete outer shells are more


reactive, while those with full shells are generally inert (e.g.,
noble gases).
4. Magnetic Properties

Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism: The presence of unpaired electrons


in an atom's electron configuration determines its magnetic properties.
○ Paramagnetic: Substances with unpaired electrons are attracted
to magnetic fields.
○ Diamagnetic: Substances with all paired electrons are slightly
repelled by magnetic fields.
5. Spectroscopy and Light Emission

• Emission Spectra: Electron transitions between energy levels


produce characteristic spectra that can identify elements and
compounds.

• Absorption and Emission: Understanding electron


configurations helps explain how atoms absorb and emit light,
crucial in analytical techniques like spectroscopy.
6. Chemical Reactions

Reaction Mechanisms

• The electron configuration determines how atoms and molecules


interact in chemical reactions, influencing reaction mechanisms
and rates.

Predicting Products

• Knowledge of electron arrangements helps predict the products of


chemical reactions and their stoichiometry.
7. Quantum Chemistry and Atomic Models

Quantum Numbers
• Electron configuration is based on quantum numbers that describe the distribution of
electrons in atomic orbitals, forming the basis for quantum chemistry and atomic models.
Atomic Theory
• Provides a framework for understanding atomic structure and behavior, which is essential for
advanced studies in chemistry and physics.
Understanding electron configuration is essential for predicting and explaining the chemical and
physical properties of elements, guiding the study and application of chemistry in fields ranging from
materials science to biochemistry.
ACTIVITY
1. What is the electron configuration of hydrogen?

2. Write the electron configuration for oxygen.

3. What is the electron configuration of neon?

4. Determine the electron configuration for chlorine (Cl).


Any questions?
WhatsApp (+265 998 877 664)
[email protected]

Visit xulendo online!


xulendo.org
RESOURCES
References
● Excell and succeed junior chemistry book 1
● Achievers in chemistry book 1
● Jhango chemistry book 1
● samuel kalea chemistry book 1

llustrations, design and graphics


● By Charlotta Brüning and Davie Mumba – own work, Xulendo

Photos
● By Pumbaa (original work by Greg Robson) - File:Electron shell 003 Lithium.svg, CC BY-SA 2.0 uk,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16854334
● https://healthylocalorganicfood.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/img_566c9f610c5af-1.png
● https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Electron-Configuration-03.png
● https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/1.1.2%20-
%20Model%20of%20the%20atom/1.1.7.2%20-%20The%20electronic%20structure%20filling%20number-
min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg

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