SENIOR PHASE – SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADE 9

TERM 2 GEOGRAPHY WORKBOOK

LEARNER BOOK

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 1 of 35

WEEK Table of content
WEEK 1 Revision, feedback and corrections of Term 1 assessment
Introduction of the topic:
Development issues
Meaning of development, including economic, social and
environmental aspects
WEEK 2 Ways of measuring development

WEEK 3 The Human

Development Index (HDI): Life expectancy, education, GDP per capita
WEEK 4 Factors affecting development

Reasons for differences in development:

• Historical factors such as colonialism
• Trade imbalances: Unfair trade
• Technology and industrialisation

WEEK 5 Factors affecting development

Reasons for differences in development:
• Health and welfare
• Education
• Political stability

WEEK 6 Factors affecting development

Alternative development, particularly alternatives to industrialisation
WEEK 7 Opportunities for development

Sustainable development, including economic, social and environmental

factors
WEEK 8 Opportunities for development

Sustainable development, including economic, social and environmental

factors
WEEK 9 Revision & consolidation

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 2 of 35

WEEK 1: Revision, feedback and corrections of Term 1 assessment
Introduction of the topic:
Development issues
Meaning of development, including economic, social and
environmental aspects

1.1 Choose the corect answer from the brackets

1.1.1 Countries moved away from agriculture to industratilisation (developed, (1x1) 1

Industrialised, developing) countries.
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1.1.2 Countries that are advanced economically and socially (Developing, (1x1) 1
Less advanced, developed) countries,
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1.1.3 Countries with low standard of living, resources not effictively utilised and still (1x1) 1
in the process of developing (Developing, Developed, Adavanced) countries. L1
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1.2 Indicate whether the following statements are True of False

1.2.1 In developing countries, population is generally educated and working class. (1x1) 1
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1.2.2 LEDCs is the term normlly used to classify developing countries. (1x1) 1
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[5]

1.3 Study the photograph on development and answer the questions that follow:

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 3 of 35

1.3.1 Is the picture above depicts (developing or developed) country (1x1) 1
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1.3.2 Develop countries are classied as MEDCs countries. What does the (1x1) 1
abbreviation MEDCs stand for?
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1.3.3 Mention 4 characteristics of MEDCs. (4x2) 8
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1.4 Refer to the following picture and answer the questions below

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 4 of 35

 (1x2) 2
L2

Figure 1.4 Living in the developing country

1.4.1 Write the abbreviation LEDCs in full (1x1) 1

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1.4.2 Looking at the Figure 1.4 what are the living conditions in the LEDCs (4x2) 8
countries? List 4 aspects
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1.4.3 How could people in developing countries improve their economy? (1x2) 2
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[23]

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 5 of 35

WEEK 2: Ways of measuring development

2.1 What are the Three(3) indicators used to measure the level of development? 3x1 (3)
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2.2. Name the 3 indicators that make up the Human Development Index. 3x1 (3)
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2.3 Mention Three (3) social development indicators. 3x1 (3)
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2.4 List THREE factors influencing life expectancy. NB 3x1 (3)
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2.5 Explain why people in Developed countries usually have a higher life 2x2 (4)
expectancy. L2
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2.6 Do you think HDI is a helpful indicator of development? Give a reason for 1+2 (3)
your answer. L2
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 6 of 35

 _____________________________________________________________
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2.7 Define the term Adult Literacy rate. 1x2 (2)
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2.8 Explain why HDI is usually a more accurate measurement of the level of 1x2 (2)
development compared to social or economic indicator? L3
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WEEK 3: The Human Development Index (HDI) Life expectancy, education, GPD per Capita

3.1 Define life expectancy ? 1x2 (2)

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3.2 Why is education an important indicator in the HDI? 2x2 (4)
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3.3 Give the 3 indicators that are used in the HDI and explain each. 3x2 (6)
L2

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 7 of 35

 -
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3.4 What does GDP stands for? 1x1 (1)

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3.5 State whether the following statements are True or False.

a) Countries with a high level of development are sometimes called 1x2 (2)
developing countries.
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(b) Two countries may differ widely on one indicator but have similar HDIs. 1x2 (2)
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c) Economic planners and policy makers use different levels of 1x2 (2)
development to compare different countries.
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d) The levels of development in countries in the same regions are often 1x2 (2)
quite similar.
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 8 of 35

 e) Countries with a low HDI include countries in USA, Canada, Western 1x2 (2)
Europe, Japan, and Australia.
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f) Developed countries are mostly found in the Southern hemisphere. 1x2 (2)
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WEEK 4: FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT

Reasons for differences in development:
• Historical factors such as colonialism
• Trade imbalances: Unfair trade
• Technology and industrialisation

4.1.1 Define the following concepts 1x2 (2)

a. Colonialism
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b. Neo-colonialism 1x2 (2)

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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 9 of 35

4.1.2 Match terms in Column A with the descriptions in column B. Example
1:E 4x1 (4) L1

Column A Column B Column C

1. Colony A. To sell goods to another country 1.

2. Political B. Forced to move from where you live 2.
stability
3. Displaced C. A country that is controlled by a more 3.
powerful country

4. Export D. A country with a stable government 4.

4.1.3 Write a paragraph of 8 lines explaining a trade imbalance 4x2 (8)

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4.1.4 What is the difference between Colonialism and Neo- Colonialism? 2 x1 (2)

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4.1.5 Do you think South Africa is still colonised? (open-minded question) 1 x1 (1)

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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 10 of 35

 _____________________________________________________________

4.2. Read the following passage about development in South Korea and answer questions that
follow
After the end of the World War II, Japan surrendered South Korea to the American forces
creating an independent democratic state known as The Republic of South Korea. United
states and later Japan invested money to help South Korea industrialise and use modern
technology.

Stages in South Korea’s industrialisation

Stage 1: Reduce the need to import products. Invest in local industries like electricity
generation, oil refining, fertilizers, cement, steel manufacture and chemical industries.

Stage 2: Develop export industries. Exports of TVs, cars, computers. Invested in

education and training to produce skilled workers.

Stage 3: Invest and develop modern technology.

Export high-technology products such as space technology, bio- engineering, micro
electronics.

(adapted from Platinum social sciences 2013 page 40)

4.2.1 Using the information in the passage above, explain how stages 2x2 (4)
1,2 and 3 were important in the development of South Korea.
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4.3 Look at the pie chart showing different sectors in South Africa and answer questions that
follows:

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 11 of 35

4.3.1 Which chart show the most agricultural sector and why? 1+2 (3)
L2
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4.3.2 Mention any three activities done in the tertiary sector 3x1 (3)
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4.3.3 Explain why MEDC’s have more people employed in tertiary sector and the 2x 2 (4)
LEDC’s have more employed in primary .
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 12 of 35

 ______________________________________________________________
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4.3.4 Give the full word for LEDC 1x1 1

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4.4 Multiple choice questions.Choose the country which was not colonised by the
following Empires.

4.4.1 British Empire 1 x1 (I)

L1
a) India
b) South Africa
c) Nigeria
d) Mexico

4.4.2 French Empire 1 x1 (I)

L1
a) Tunisia
b) Ivory Coast
c) Colombia
d) Vietman
4.4.3 German Empire 1 x1 (I)
L1
a) Burundi
b) Namibia
c) Tanzania
d) Cameroon
4.4.4 Dutch Empire 1 x1 (I)
L1
a) Mozambique
b) Indonesia
c) Netherland
d) Suriname

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 13 of 35

4.4.5 Belgian Empire 1 x1 (I)
L1
a) Rwanda
b) Burundu
c) Congo
d) Bonaire

4.5.1 Describe how trade can benefit development 1 x2 (2)

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4.5.2 Mention three ways in which countries can implement unfair trade. 3x 1 (3)
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4.5.3 Briefly explain one example of unfair trade in 4.5.2 1x2 (2)
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4.5.4 Write a paragraph on how Colonialism violated human rights? 4x2 (8)
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 14 of 35

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WEEK 5: FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT

Reasons for differences in development:

• Health and welfare
• Education
• Political stability

5.1 Study the spider web and answer questions that follows:

Source: Platinum: Social Platinum: Social Science by Ranby P and Johannesson 2022

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 15 of 35

5.1 What are the THREE(3) ways in which education can affect development? 3x1 (3)
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5.2 Explain briefly how each factor below contributed to development
5.2.1 Health and welfare 1x2 (2)
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5.2.2 Education 1x2 (2)
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5.3.3 Political stability 1x2 (2)
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5.4 Distinguish between alternative and conventional development. 2x2 (4)
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 16 of 35

 _______________________________________________________________
5.5 How does education affect development in a country? 2x2 (4)
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5.6. • Study figure 5 below and answer the questions that follows:

5.6.1 How are the people in figure 5 affected by lack of welfare support? 3x2 (6)
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 17 of 35

WEEK 6: FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT

Alternative development, particularly alternatives to industrialisation

6.1 Define the following concepts.

6.1.1 Bio-engeneering. 1x1 1

L2
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6.1.2 Self-sufficiency 1x1 1
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6.2. Study the Case Study: Sewing for development in Aghanistan. Examine the case study
of the Zardozi sewing project.

Case Study: Sewing for development in Afghanistan

Zardozi is an organisation in Afghanistan that helps poor women use their sewing skills to earn a living.
Zardozi helps to train women and market the products they make. Two thousand five hundred women
are linked to Zardozi sewing development project.

How Zardozi supports the women

• It trains people with sewing skills
• It helps to stimulate new deigns
• It identifies women from the community to market products
• It teachers people business skills

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 18 of 35

 • It earns money to help people buying sewing machines
• It checks that high quality is maintained.
Source:Platinum: Social Science by Ranby P and Johannesson adapted in 2022
6.2.1 List THREE(3) ways in which the project is empowering local women. 3x1 3
L1
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6.2.2 Give THREE(3) reasons why the Zardozi sewing project is an example of 3x2 6
alternative development and not conventional development. L2

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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 19 of 35

6.2.3 Study the spider web on sustainable alternative development and answer the
questions below:

Figure 6: Some aspect of alternative development

6.2.3.1 • Identify THREE(3) aspects of alternative development from the spider 3x1 3
diagram in figure 6 of the Zardozi sewing project. L1

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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 20 of 35

WEEK 7: OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development, including economic, social and environmental factors

7.1 Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE, and if FALSE correct the
statement.
a) Sustainable development is about increasing poverty. 2x1 (2)

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b) Development that damages the environment is sustainable. 2x1 (2)

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c) The environment provides people with resources they need to improve their 1x1 (1)

lives. L1

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d) Sustainable use of resources is about using resources wisely. 1x1 (1)

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e) Sustainability encourages simple and appropriate resources. 2x1 (2)

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[5]

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 21 of 35

7.2 Define the following concepts.

(a) Development 1X2 (2 )

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(b) Sustainable Development 1X2 (2 )

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(c)Energy efficient 1X2 (2 )

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(d) Eco-tourism 1X2 (2 )

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(e)Fossil fuels 1X2 (2 )

L2
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(10)

GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 22 of 35

WEEK 8: OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development, including economic, social and environmental factors

8.1 Refer to the figure below and answer the questions set:

(a) Name 3 characteristics of development that is sustainable? 3X1 (3)

L1

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8.2 Name 3 factors that contribute to sustainable development. 3X1 (3)
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 23 of 35

8.3 Explain how sustainable development can lead to an improvement in
people’s:

8.3.1 Quality of life 3X2 (6)

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8.3.2 Standard of living 3X2 (6)
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8.4 Use the headings on the figure below to describe how sustainable development can be
achieved

Sustainable
Development
Population growth
Use of forest

Tourism Energy use Use of farming

(a) Population growth 1x2 2

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(b) Tourism 1x2 2
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(c)Energy use 1x2 2
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(d) Use of farming 1x2 2

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(e) Use of forest 1x2 2
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8.5 Describe the resources, teachers and learning opportunities that your school have.

What impact does that have on the literacy and education level at your school?
Resources 4x2 (8)
L3
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Teachers

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Learning Opportunities

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8.6 Case study: Collect-a- Can earns money: 4x2 (8)

L3
Collect-a-Can is an organization that pays people money for old cans.

Collect-a-Can ensures that the old cans are recycled. 72% of all cans sold in South Africa
are collected and sent to steel mills to be melted down and used in making new steel. Nearly
40 000 people, schools and business are earning money from collecting cans. Collect –a
Can has helped to reduce poverty in many communities.

Collect-a- Can is an example of sustainable development in South Africa.

Suggest a product that we can use in South Africa that can form part of
Sustainability based on the Economy, Social and environment.

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WEEK 9: REVISION & CONSOLIDATION

9.1 Match the term in COLUMN B with its definition in COLUMN A. Write only the number
(9.1.1 – 9.1.5) with its corresponding capital letter. For example 9.1.11 M

COLUMN A COLUMN B
9.1.1 Things that are useful and are used by humans A Infrastructure
9.1.2 Facilities such as transport, services and B Life expectancy
communication devices that help a country
9.1.3 The total value of all goods and services that a C Resources
country produces in one year
9.1.4 How long a person can expect to live D HDI (Human
Development Index)
9.1.5 Meeting people’s needs today, without E Globalisation
compromising the needs of future generations
9.1.6 Countries, regions and settlements progress and F GDP
improvement with time.
9.1.7 The process by which businesses or other G Environmental
organizations develop international influence or development
start operating on an international scale
9.1.8 To sell goods to another country. H Development
9.1.9 The purchase and sale of goods and services by I Export
companies in different countries.
9.1.10 Improvement of our surroundings, such as a J International Trade
reduction in air and water pollution.
K Sustainable
development

9.1.1 ____________________

9.1.2 ____________________

9.1.3 ____________________

9.1.4 ____________________

9.1.5____________________

9.1.6____________________

9.1.7____________________

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 9.1.8____________________

9.1.9____________________

9.1.10____________________

9.2 Refer to the diagram below, which addresses various development issues and answer the
following questions:

9.2.1 How does high GDP influence the child mortality? 1X2 (2)
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9.2.2 Interpret the term fertility rate. 1X2 (2)
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9.2.3 Explain in your own words what you understand by the following caption: 2X2 (4)
“Fertility rate decreases faster when child mortality is low”
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 29 of 35

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9.3 WAYS OF MEASURING DEVELOPMENT AND COLONISATION

9.3.1 With reference to natural resources, what was the aim of colonisation? 1X2 (2)
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9.3.2 Explain why the process of underdevelopment occurred in the colonised 1X2 (2)
countries.
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9.3.3 List THREE indicators of development 3X1 (3)
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9.3.4 Calculate the South Africa’s GDP per capita in 2022: 3X1 (3)
Population= 60 700 000 million people
L3
GDP = 345.00 USD Billion

GDP per capita = ________GDP________

Total population
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 30 of 35

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9.4 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Study the cartoon and answer the questions below

9.4.1 What is sustainable development? (1x2) (2)

L2
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9.4.2 Use the above cartoon to identify:

a) ONE characteristic supporting sustainable development (1x1) (1)

L1
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 ____________________________________________________________________
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b) ONE not supporting sustainable development (1x1) (1)
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9.5 Study the FIGURE 9.5 below showing the development indicators of six countries in the
world and answer the following questions:

FIGURE 9.5

9.5.1 Identify the economic and social indicators represented by the following (2x1) (2)
(a) Human Development Index (HDI) L1
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(b) Infant Mortality Rates
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9.5.2 Explain why Gambia has high Infant mortality rate and Low life expectancy. (1x2) (2)
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9.5.3 Which country would have been considered the most developed country (1x2) (2)
according to the data given in FIGURE 9.5? L1
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9.5.4 Evaluate your answer in QUESTION 9.5.3. by giving evidence from FIGURE (2x2) (2)
9.5 L3
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9.6 Study the following SOURCE and answer the question below

Unfair trade in Uganda

Coffee importers from developed countries borrow money from their home
countries at 3% interest rate. They come to Uganda and compete with local
traders, who borrow at 27% interest rate.
Buyers from developed countries buy coffee from their own people (not
GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 33 of 35
Ugandans) because their price is cheaper compared to the prices of Ugandan
sellers. Slowly, the Ugandans exporters are squeezed out of business because
they cannot compete favourably with buyers from developed countries.
9.6.1 Write a paragraph with not more than TEN lines explaining the principles of 4x2 (8)
L3
fair trade.

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9.6.2 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explaining how the 4x2 (8)
improvement of certain factors in a country may improve a developing L3
country. Discuss the following FOUR factors: Education, Health care,
Research & Political stability
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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 34 of 35

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GDE Workbook Grade 9 Term 2 Geography Learner Guide Page 35 of 35