Residential Building Electrification (Unit-5)

General rules for wiring:

1. Every installation is to be properly protected and must be safe in all respects.
2. Every sub-circuit is to be connected to a distribution fuse board.
3. A switch board is to be installed at 1.25m above the floor.
4. All plugs and socket outlets are to be 3-pin type with earthing.
5. Only 3-pin, 5A socket outlets is used for L and F sub-circuit
6. 3-pin, 15A socket outlets is used for power sub-circuit.

Determination of lighting and power circuit and

sub-circuit:
1. The power and heating wiring are to be kept separate from the light and fan wiring.
2. Each L and F sub-circuit shall not have more than 10 points or 800W.
3. In case of power sub-circuit shall not exceed 3000W or maximum socket outlet is 2.

Deciding the no. of sub-circuit:

Assume that a room has sixteen 40W lamps, eight 75W fans, one 1000W heater and
1/2HP pump motor.

Total no. of L and F points =16+8 =24

 No. of L and F sub-circuit (8pts/ckt) =3

One sub-circuit for heater and one sub-circuit for pump motor.

 Total no. of sub-circuit is required 5nos.

Single line or wiring diagram:
Three phase wiring diagram:

Selection of wire and cable and rating:

There are three points which must be considered, while determining the size of cable

i. Minimum size of cable

ii. Current carrying capacity
iii. Voltage drop
The minimum size of copper conductor of 1sq.mm (1/1.12mm) or aluminum conductor of
1.5sq.mm (1/1.40mm)
The wire or cable should be of size sufficient to carry the maximum circuit current
continuously without overheating.

The permissible voltage drop from supply terminals to any point on the wiring system
should not exceed 2% +1 volt for light load and 5% for power load.

Selection of rating of main switch, distribution board:

The current rating of the main switch is decided as per total current of the circuit to be
controlled by it.

The number of ways and current rating of the distribution board is decided as per number of
sub-circuit to be connected with it and current of the sub-circuit having the highest current
rating.

Earthing of installation:
The supply authority provides on the consumers premises a suitable earthed terminal. All
metal parts in a wiring should be properly earthed. This is done by running a continuous
earth wire along the wiring. All metallic fittings, lamp brackets, third pin of sockets, body of
fans and regulators and other accessories (cooking ranges, geysers) should be earthed.

Sequence to be followed for preparing Estimation of

wiring: While calculating the material and cost of wiring the following sequence should
be followed.

i. Drawing Installation Plan: The plan of the building is drawn on a

suitable scale with electrical points, switch board, location of main switch board,
energy meter and distribution board etc.
ii. Calculation of total current: The primary aim of calculating the
connected load in the building is to ascertain the size and rating of service cables,
energy meter and rating of main switch.
iii. Selection and rating of main switch and sub-main
switch: Once the load is available the main switch and sub-main switch can
be selected as these are available in the local market on the basis of current
rating and number of poles.
iv. Selection and rating of main distribution board: The
main distribution board is a fuse box where different sub-circuit covering the
building is connected.
 v. Calculation of length of casing capping or conduit
pipe: To avoid duplicity in ascertaining the length of conduit pipe, this
calculation should be very carefully made otherwise there is every possibility that
some length may be calculated more than one.
vi. Calculation of length of phase and neutral wire: The
phase wire and neutral wire is calculated sub-circuit wise.
vii. Calculation of length of earth wire: The earth wire for casing
capping and batten wiring is laid on the batten along with but in case of conduit
wiring no separate earth wire is installed along the conduit.

viii. Preparing material table: The material table should be prepared

with complete specification of earth item.

Current Rating of Copper Conductor Single Core Cable

Nominal area No. and dia of wire (mm) Current Rating (Amps)
(mm2)

1.0 1/1.12 5
1.5 3/0.737 10
2.5 3/1.06 15
4.0 7/0.737 20
6.0 7/1.06 28
8.0 7/1.12 36
10.0 7/1.40 43
15.0 7/1.63 52
20.0 19/1.12 62
25.0 19/1.40 74
35.0 19/1.63 97
50.0 19/1.80 160

Current Rating of Aluminum conductor Single Core Cable

Nominal area (mm2) No. and dia of wire Current Rating (Amps)
(mm)
1.5 1/1.40 10
2.5 1/1.80 15
4 1/2.24 20
6 1/2.80 27
10 1/3.55 34
16 7/1.70 43
 25 7/2.24 59
35 7/2.50 69
50 19/1.80 or 7/3.00 91
70 19/2.24 134
95 19/2.50 153
120 37/2.06 165
150 37/2.24 181
185 37/2.50 209
225 37/2.80 240

Problem1: A house has sixteen 40W lamps, eight 75W fans, one 1000W heater and
one 1/2HP pump motor ( = 0.8, p.f = 0.8). The supply to the house is 230V a.c. Draw the
connection diagram of the distribution system from the suppliers cut-out to the outgoing
of the distribution fuse board indicating the sizes of the equipments and cables used.

Soln: Total no. of L and F points = 16+8= 24

Total L and F load 16X40 + 8X75 = 1240W

No. of L and F sub-circuit (with 8pts/ckt) =3

One sub-circuit for heater and one sub-circuit for pump motor and with one spare way.

 Total no. of ways = 6

Load current of L and F = 1240/230= 5.4A

Load current of heater = 1000/230 = 4.3A

1
2
×746
Load current of motor = = 2.5A
230×0.8×0.8

 Size of D.F.B. is 240V, 6ways, 16A/way

The rating of the fuse is to be used at least = 5.4 + 5.3 + 2.5x300% = 17.2A

 The size of the main switch fuse is I.C.D.P. 240V, 32A.

Current rating of main cable is 5.4 + 4.3 + 2.5x125% = 12.8A

 The size of cable is 250V grade, 2.5mm2 (1/1.80mm Al) single core PVC cable.

The size of L and F sub-circuit cable is 250V grade, 1.5sq.mm (1/1.40mm Al) single core PVC
cable.
The size of sub-circuit cable for heater and motor is 250V grade, 2.5sq.mm, single core PVC
cable.

Connection diagram of the distribution system:

Probleam2: The plan of a single room of size 5mX4m shown in fig. below. The room
is required to be provided with one lamp, one fan, one fluorescent tube and one 5A socket
outlet. Each of the point is controlled by its individual switch. Draw electrical circuit
diagram and prepare estimate for quantity of material. Use the concealed conduit wiring
system.
Soln: The switch board should be located near the entry door for convenience. And socket
outlet should also be installed on the same switch board. The fan point should be installed
in the centre of the room. The light point should be on opposite front about half meter
below, tube point on the adjacent wall about half meter below.

Assume:

a. Total height from floor to ceiling = 3.5m

b. Height of horizontal run from floor = 3m
c. Height of switch board from floor = 1.5m
d. Light and fan point from ceiling = 0.5m
e. Conduit running parallel to floor 0.5m below ceiling.
f. VR = vertical run, i.e. conduit running between SB to HR
Calculation of length of 20mm dia conduit pipe:

From SB to HR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.5m

HR up to middle of room = 0.5(along HR) + 0.5(rise) + 2.0(along ceiling)----------- 3.0m

From fan to lamp point = + 2.0 + 0.5(drop) ----------------------------------------------- 2.5m

From fan to tube point = 2.5 + 0.5(drop) --------------------------------------------------- 3.0m

Total length of conduit = 10.0m

Taking 10% wastage = 1.0m

Total length of conduit pipe required for wiring the room = 11.0m

Calculation of length of phase wire:

From point of entry of circuit into room up to SB = 2.0(HR) + 1.5(VR) ------------ 3.5m

From SB to fan = 1.5VR + 0.5HR + 0.5rise + 2(along ceiling) ------------------------- 4.5m

From SB to lamp = 4.5(up to fan) + 2.0 +0.5 (drop) ------------------------------------ 7.0m

From SB to tube = 4.5 (up to fan) + 2.5 + 0.5 (drop) ----------------------------------- 7.5m

Total length of phase wire = 22.5m

Calculation of length of neutral wire:

From entry point of room up to SB = 2HR + 1.5VR ----------------------------------- 3.5m

From SB to fan = 1.5VR + 0.5HR + 0.5 rise + 2(along ceiling) ---------------------- 4.5m

From fan to lamp = 2 +0.5 (drop) --------------------------------------------------------- 2.5m

From fan to tube = 2.5 + 0.5 (drop) ------------------------------------------------------ 3.0m

Total length of neutral wire = 13.5m

Total phase + neutral wire = 22.5m + 13.5m = 36m

Taking 15% wastage, the total length will be = 36x0.15 + 36 = 41.4m

Calculation of earth wire:

From entry point of room up to SB = 2HR + 1.5VR ----------------------------------- 3.5m

From SB to fan = 1.5VR + 0.5HR + 0.5 rise + 2(along ceiling) ---------------------- 4.5m

Total length of earth wire = 8.0m

Taking 15% wastage, the total length will be = 8x0.15 + 8 = 9.2m

Material table
SL Specification Quantity Rate/unit Amount
No.
1. 20mm dia conduit 11m 12/m 132.00
2. 1.5sq.mm Al conductor 250V grade 36m 2/m 72.00
3. Earth wire 14SWG 9.2m 25/kg 230.00
4. SB 20cmX25cm 1 no. 35 35.00
5. Conduit pipe accessories 1way 2 nos 5.00 10.00
junction box
6. 2way junction box 2 nos 5 10.00
7. 3way junction box 3 nos 6 18.00
8. Conduit bend 6 nos 6 36.00
9. Conduit socket 8 nos 3 24.00
10. Conduit saddle 8 nos 4 32.00
11. 5A, one way switch 4 nos 8 32.00
12. 3-pin, 5A socket 1 no. 12 12.00
13. Ceiling rose 2 nos 5 10.00
14. Lamp holder 1 no. 12 12.00
15. 25/30mm screw for ceiling rose,
lamp socket, lamp holder 10 nos 4/dz 4.00
16. Machine screw 15mm long for SB 8 nos 3/dz 2.00
17. Nut bolts 6mm dia, 25mm long 6 nos 3/dz 1.5
________
18. Miscellaneous expense 10% of total ----- ----- 672.25
cost 67.25
Total cost Rs. 739.75

Storage and transportation charge 5% = 36.99

Labour charges 10% = 73.975

Contingencies 1% = 7.3975

Electrical Inspection fees = 400

10A, 240V, 50Hz single phase energy meter 1 nos = 1400

 Grand total = 2658.1125/- (Ans)

Problem 3: A room (size 4mX4m) and a verandah(size 4mX3m), the plan of which
given below is required to be provided with electrical wiring.

1. Make the location of energy meter, main switch and switch board.
2. Calculate the total length of wire required for wiring the room and verandah in
concealed wiring.
3. Prepare a list of material with complete specification of each item and costing.

Soln: Since it is a room with verandah, normally two light point, one fan and one 5A socket
outlet are proposed to be installed in room. Two lamp point and one socket outlet are
proposed to be installed in the verandah.

Assume:

a. Total height of ceiling = 3.5m

b. Height of HR from floor = 3.0m
c. Height of SB, main switch and energy meter from floor = 1.5m
d. Location of energy meter and main switch board 0.5m inside verandah on room wall.
Calculation of load:

Lamp -------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- 3×60 = 180W

Fan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1×60 = 60W

Socket outlet 5A -------------------------------------------------------------------- 2×100 = 200W

Fluorescent tube --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1×40 = 40W

Total load = 480W

480
 Load current = = 2.1Amp
230
Selection and rating of main switch:

Hence, a D.P.I.C main switch of 5A, 250V grade is selected.

Selection and rating of Distribution board:

The distribution board is always on the basis of number of points. Here, there are only seven
light/fan/5Amp. socket points. Hence no distribution board will be used.

Calculation of length of 20mm dia conduit pipe:

From main switch board to HR ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1.50m

HR to SB1 = 1.5m (along HR) + 1.5m(along VR)--------------------------------------------- 3.00m

HR to SB2 = 0.25m (across wall) + 1.5(along VR) ------------------------------------------- 1.75m

HR to L2 = 0.5m(rise) + 3m(along ceiling) + 0.5m(drop) ---------------------------------- 4.00m

HR to Tube point through fan point = 0.5m(rise) + 4m(along ceiling) + 0.5m(rise)--5.00m

From fan to L3 = 2m(along ceiling) + 0.5(drop) --------------------------------------------- 3.00m

Total length of conduit = 18.25m

Taking 10% wastage = 1.825m

Total length of conduit pipe required for wiring the room = 20.075m

Calculation of length of phase wire:

From main switch board to HR ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1.50m

HR to SB1 = 1.5m (along HR) + 1.5m(along VR)--------------------------------------------- 3.00m

SB1 to L1 = 1.5m(along VR) ----------------------------------------------------------------------1.50m

SB1 to L2 = 1.5m (VR) + 0.5m(rise) + 3m(along ceiling) + 0.5m(drop) ---------------- 5.50m

HR to SB2 = 0.25m (across wall) + 1.5(along VR) ------------------------------------------- 1.75m

SB2 to L3 = 1.5m(VR) + 0.5m(rise) + 4m(along ceiling) + 0.5m(drop) ----------------- 6.50m

SB2 to fan point = 1.5m(VR) + 0.5m(rise) + 2m(along ceiling) + 0.5m(drop) --------- 4.50m

SB2 to Tube point = 1.5m(VR) + 0.5m(rise) + 4m(along ceiling) + 0.5m(drop) ------- 6.50m

Total length of phase wire = 30.75m

Calculation of length of neutral wire:

From main switch board to HR ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.50m

HR to SB1 = 1.5m (along HR) + 1.5m (along VR) -------------------------------------------- 3.00m

SB1 to L2 = 1.5m (VR) + 0.5m (rise) + 3m (along ceiling) + 0.5m(drop) --------------- 5.50m

HR to SB2 = 0.25m (across wall) + 1.5(along VR) ------------------------------------------- 1.75m

SB2 to L3 = 1.5m (VR) + 0.5m(rise) + 4m(along ceiling) + 0.5m(drop) ----------------- 6.50m

SB2 to fan point = 0.5m (drop) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.50m

Fan point to Tube point = 1.5m (along ceiling) + 0.5m(drop) ----------------------------- 2.00m

Total length of phase wire = 20.75m

Total phase + neutral wire = 30.75m + 20.75m = 51.5m

Taking 15% wastage, the total length will be = 51.5x0.15 + 51.5 = 59.225m

Calculation of earth wire:

From main switch board to SB2 = 1.5VR + 1.5HR + 0.25m(across wall) + 1.5VR ------ 4.75m

From SB2 to fan = 1.5VR + 0.5rise + 2(along ceiling) + 0.5drop --------------------------- 4.50m

Total length of earth wire = 9.25m

Taking 15% wastage, the total length will be = 9.25x0.15 + 9.25 = 10.64m
 Material table
SL Specification Quantity Rate/unit Amount
No.
1. 20mm dia conduit 20m 16/m 321.00
2. 1.5sq.mm Al conductor 250V grade 59m 7/m 413.00
3. Earth wire 14SWG 11m 25/kg 275.00
4. SB 20cmX25cm 2 no. 45 90.00
5. Conduit pipe accessories 1way 2 nos 5.00 10.00
junction box
6. 2way junction box 2 nos 5 10.00
7. 3way junction box 3 nos 6 18.00
8. Conduit bend 6 nos 6 36.00
9. Conduit socket 8 nos 3 24.00
10. Conduit saddle 8 nos 4 32.00
11. 5A, one way switch 4 nos 8 32.00
12. 3-pin, 5A socket 1 no. 12 12.00
13. Ceiling rose 2 nos 5 10.00
14. Lamp holder 1 no. 12 12.00
15. 25/30mm screw for ceiling rose,
lamp socket, lamp holder 10 nos 4/dz 4.00
16. Machine screw 15mm long for SB 8 nos 3/dz 2.00
17. Nut bolts 6mm dia, 25mm long 6 nos 3/dz 1.5
________
18. Miscellaneous expense 10% of total ----- ----- 1302.5
cost 130.25
Total cost Rs. 1432.75

Storage and transportation charge 5% = 71.64

Labour charges 10% = 143.275

Contingencies 1% = 14.3275

Electrical Inspection fees = 400

10A, 240V, 50Hz single phase energy meter 1 nos = 1400

 Grand total = 3461.99/- (Ans)

Service line:
1. For small domestic and commercial consumers demand up to 5kW single phase
supply is given (240V).
2. For large domestic and commercial and industrial consumer demand up to 50kW, 3-
phase, 4-wire supply is given (514V).
3. For industrial installation having a demand more than 50kW is given supply at 6.6kV,
11kV or 33kV.

Service pole: The pole of the distribution line from which the service line is drawn is
called the service pole.

Service bracket: In the consumer premises where the service lines are terminated is
called service bracket.

Types of service connection: The service connection is mainly of two type.

1. Over head service connection( 1-phase or 3-phase)
2. Underground service connection (3-phase)

Over head service connection: For over head service connection from pole
to house the following are required.
i. Pole and pole fuse: Pole carries the supply lines and fuse (Aerial fuse) is to
protect any fault.
ii. Energy meter: It provides the energy consumption record of the consumer.
iii. Service fuse (cut-out): It protects the energy meter from over loading.
iv. Main switch fuse: It isolates the consumer installation from supply and fuse
protects the equipments during fault.
v. Distribution board: It is used to distribute electrical power to different sub-
circuit.
vi. Kit-kat fuse: Kit-kat fuse is placed in the distribution board. In case of short
circuit or heavy load it protects the cable and equipments.
vii. Earth wire: It prevents shock from touching any metallic body in case of faulty
installation.
 Three phase service connection

Underground service cable: Underground service is used where heavy load

above 25kW is to be applied. Paper insulated cable terminates at each end into cable box.
To protect the cable from mechanical damage it is run through G.I. pipe of 2m length places
where it rises at pole and at service board.
Note: A cut-out is provided in each phase conductor which is sealed and placed before
and after the meter at consumer’s premises.

Note: The earth wire is drawn with 6 or 8 SWG G.I. wire.

Prolem1: A newly constructed single storied house is to be provided with single phase
230V, 50Hz having a load of 5kW (light/fan/socket). The supply is to be given from over
head 10m away from the building. Prepare a list of material for giving service connection.
A G.I. pipe is to be raised along with the roof to receive conductors. Also draw a sketch of
service connection.

Soln:
Assume:

1. Height of roof from ground level = 3.5m

2. Service connection received at a height of 6m from ground.
3. Electrical load, 5 sub-circuits of 800watts each, with one 15A socket.
 5000
4. Total load current = = 21.7A
230
Taking diversity factor = 60%
Load current = 21.7x0.6 = 13A (approx)
Keeping in view the future additional load is twice the present load.
Hence twin core 1/3.55mm (6mm2) aluminum conductor weather proof cable having
a current carrying capacity of 27A may be employed.

Material table
SL. No. Specification Quantity
1. 8 SWG G.I. wire 20m
2. 6mm2 650V grade twin core aluminum
conductor weather proof cable 20m
3. G.I. pipe 50mm dia 6m
4. Pipe bend for 50mm dia 3 nos
5. Pipe clamp 50mm dia 2 nos
6. G.I. pipe saddles 50mm dia 4 nos
7. Hook bolts with nuts 8 set
8. L.T. shackle insulator with U-clamp nuts and
bolts 4 nos
9. Angle iron service bracket 6m
10. Nut and bolts 15mm dia to hold angle section
with G.I. pipe 1 no
11. I.C.D.P. & N switch fuse 1 no
12. Conduit bushing 50mm dia 2 nos
13. Stay wire 7/10 SWG G.I. 7m
14. Stay bow 1 no
15. Stay rod with bolts and stay buckle 1 set
16. Stay insulator 1 set
17. Kit-kat fuse 32A 1 no
18. Neutral link 1no
19. Aerial fuse 1 no
20. Lock nut for 50mm dia G.I. pipe at service 1 no
21. board As per required
22. Cement As per required
23. Sands As per required
Concrete
Problem2: A 3-phase, 4-wire underground cable service connection is to be given to a
newly constructed laboratory block of the polytechnic from an existing 400/230V 3-phase,
4-wire 50Hz over head lines. The distance of the main board from service pole is 15m. The
total single phase and 3-phase load in the laboratory is about 150A. Estimate the quantity
of material for giving service connection.

Soln: Assuming diversity factor = 60%

load current = 150x0.6 = 90A

The service connection will be of 1100V grade, 25mm2 (7/2.24mm) having current
carrying capacity of 107A.

Material list

SL. No. Specification Quantity

1. 8 SWG G.I. wire( pole to meter box) 30m
2. 25mm2 1100V grade , 3-core aluminum
conductor, paper insulated lead covered cable 30m
3. G.I. pipe 50mm dia 5m
4. L.T. outdoor cable box 1 no
5. Pole clamp for cable for G.I pipe 6 nos
6. I.C. fuse unit of 150A capacity 3 nos
7. G.I. bend 50mm dia 2 set
8. I.C. cut-out fitted with fuse 3 set
I.C meter board with nuts and bolts 1 no
9. Kit-kat fuse 128A 3 nos
10. Neutral link 3 nos
 Aerial fuse 128A 3 nos
11. Lock nut for 50mm dia G.I. pipe at service 1 no
12. board As per required
13. Cement As per required
14. Sands As per required
Concre

Problem3: Estimate the quantity of material and cost for providing connection to a
double storied building with a load of 4kW at 240V, 50Hz. Separate meters are to be
provided for the two floors. The distance between pole and building is 12m and between
service bracket and service board is 10m.

Soln: connected load is = 4000W

 Load current = 4000/240 = 16.66A

Assume diversity factor = 60%

The load current = 16.66x0.6 = 10A

Keeping in view the future additional load is twice the present load. Hence, twin core 6mm 2
ot 1/3.55mm aluminum conductor weather proof cable having a current carrying capacity of
27A may be used.
 Material list

SL. No. specifications Quantity Rate/unit amount

1. 6mm2, 650V grade Al conductor 40m 30 1200

2. Aerial fuse 32A capacity 1 50 50
3. G.I. pipe 50mm dia 4m 180 720
4. M.S. angle iron bracket 1m 500 500
5. Conduit pipe 50mm dia 6m 30 180
6. Conduit reducer 50mm dia 2 15 30
7. Conduit bends 2 10 20
8. Conduit lock nuts 2 8 16
9. Conduit saddles 4 5 20
10. L.T. shackle insulator 4 25 100
11. G.I. thimbles 2 30 60
12. 8 SWG copper wire 30m(3.4kg) 750/kg 2250
13. G.I. bends 1 75 75
14. G.I. wire 8 SWG 50m(5kg) 270/kg 1350
15. IC board 2 375 750
16. Kit-Kat fuse 32A 2 55 110
17. Neutral link 2 8 16
18. Cement 1 bag 250 250
19. Sand 1 bag 100 100
20. Concrete 5 bags 40 200

Total 7997/-

Storage and transportation charge 5% = 399.85

Labour charges 10% = 799.7

Contingencies 1% = 79.97

Electrical Inspection fees = 400

10A, 240V, 50Hz single phase energy meter 2 nos = 2800

 Grand total = 12476.52/- (Ans)