Normal Distribution
•A distribution in which the frequency of
scores is greatest near the mean and
progressively decreases toward the
extremes.
•Sometimes called the Gaussian distribution
in honor of Carl Friedrich Gauss
•The most important distribution for a
continuous random variable.
(Normal Curve)
freq
raw scores
The normal distribution is a theoretical ideal
distribution. Real-life empirical distributions never match
this model perfectly. However, many things in life do
approximate the normal distribution, and are said to be
"normally distributed“.
Other Kinds of Distribution
Data can be "distributed" (spread out) in different ways.
Negatively Skewed Positively Skewed Random
(Skewed to the left) Distribution
(Skewed to the right)
Examples of
Normal Random
Variables
Scores of Students in a Test
BLOOD PRESSURE
SHOE SIZE
BIRTH WEIGHT
STUDENTS AVERAGE’S REPORT
Properties of
Normal
Distribution
Properties of a
Normal Distribution
1. The distribution curve is
bell-shaped.
Properties of a
Normal Distribution
2. The curve is symmetrical
about its center(mean).
Properties of a
Normal Distribution
3. The mean, median, and
mode coincide at the
center.
Properties of a
Normal Distribution
4. The curve is asymptotic
to the base line.
Properties of a
Normal Distribution
5. Classified by 2 parameters: Mean ()
and standard deviation (). Mean
represent the location and standard
deviation is the width of the curve.
Normal distributions differing in mean and
standard deviation.
Normal curves are not all identical but they are all
symmetrical!
Properties of a
Normal Distribution
6. The area under the normal curve
is 100% or 1. It represents the total
probability, proportion or the
percentage associated with specific
sets of measurement values.
Areas under the Normal Curve
The area within one standard deviation
68.26% of data from the mean is about 68%;
two standard deviations from the
mean is about 95%;
95.44% of data
and three standard
99.74% of data deviations from the mean is
about 99.7%.
Weights of Grade 11 Students
Example: A nurse at Pampanga High School measured the weights of
1,000 Grade 11 students. Their mean weight is 50 kg with a standard
deviation of 5 kg. Assuming that the data is normally distributed, this
means that
99.74% or about 998 students have
weights between 35 kg and 65 kg;
95.44% or about 955 students have
weights between 40 kg and 60 kg;
and 68.26% or about 683
students have weights
between 45 kg and 55 kg.
𝟑𝟓 𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟓 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟓
𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 (𝒌𝒈)
Activity: Areas Under the Normal Curve
A government official conducted a survey among
3,000 employees working in Pampanga to determine
the average salary in the province. Based on the data,
the computed average salary is Php 20,000 with a
standard deviation of Php 3,500.
1. Draw a normal curve which represents the salary of the employees in
Pampanga.
2. Determine the number of employees that falls within +/- 1SD, 2SD,
and 3SD.
3. How many employees have a salary between Php 16, 500 to Php 23,
500?
The Standard Normal Curve
• A standard normal curve is a normal probability
distribution that has a mean of zero and a standard
deviation of one.
µ=0
σ=1
Areas Under the
Standard Normal Curve
Where
µ=0
σ =1
Reading
the Z-Table
The Standard Normal Distribution Table (z-Table)
provides the area between the mean and the
z-score.
For example, when z-score = 1.45, the area is 0.4265.
Steps in Finding the Area Under the
Normal Curve Using the Z-Table
1. Using the z-table, find the first two digits of
the given z-score on the left column.
2. Match the third digit with the appropriate
column on the right.
3. Read the area (or probability) at the
intersection of the row and the column.
Examples: Find the area between the mean and the given z-score
1. z = 1.00
Area = 0.3413
2. z = 1.36
Area = 0.4131
3. z = -2.58
Area = 0.4951
4. z = -0.15
Area = 0.0596
5. z = 0.88
Area = 0.3106
6. z = 0.70
Area = 0.2580
7. z = -2.19
Area = 0.4857
8. z = 2.05
Area = 0.4798
9. z = -2.99
Area = 0.4986
10. z = 1.23
Area = 0.3907
