RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ®

Mysore Road. RV Vidyaniketan Post, Bengaluru – 560059, Karnataka, India

INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

(21CV64D3)

Experiential Learning Report

Topic:
DELINEATION OF WEINGANGA BASIN

Submitted by
SAKSHAM SINGH: 1RV21CV088

Submitted to
Prof. GOWTHAM PRASAD M.E.

Assistant Professor

RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ®
Bengaluru - 560059
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
 ®
RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,

(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

Department of Civil Engineering
Bengaluru – 560059

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the report titled “DELINEATION OF WEINGANGA BASIN” carried out by
SAKSHAM SINGH (1RV21CV088), bonafide student, submitted for the Experiential learning in
INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT during the year 2024-25. It is certified that all
corrections/ suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report. The
report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirement in Experiential Learning.

Prof. GOWTHAM PRASAD M.E.

Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. METHODOLOGY

3. ABOUT SOFTWARE

4. STEPS FOR DELINEATING THE WATERSHED

5. MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS

6. HEC-HMS SOFTWARE

7. STEPS FOR PREPARING RAINFALL – RUNOFF DATA USING

HEC-HMS

8. CONCLUSION

9. REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION 1. Topographic Maps & GIS Tools: Using
elevation data, such as from satellite
The Weinganga Basin is a sub-basin of the larger imagery or topographic maps, to identify
Godavari River system, one of the major river ridges, slopes, and watershed boundaries.
basins in India. The delineation of a river basin 2. Hydrological Data: Incorporating river
refers to the process of identifying and mapping flow data and rainfall patterns to better
the geographical area drained by a river and its understand how water is collected and
tributaries. This process is essential for distributed throughout the basin.
understanding hydrological characteristics, 3. Ground Truthing: Field surveys help to
managing water resources, and planning validate the boundaries set by remote
sustainable development in the region. sensing and GIS tools.

Location and Geography Importance of the Weinganga Basin

1. The Weinganga River originates in the The Weinganga Basin is crucial for agriculture,
Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh, India, fisheries, and water supply to many towns and
and flows southeastwards through villages in central India. Understanding its
Maharashtra before merging with the boundaries and hydrological patterns is essential
Wardha River to form the Pranahita River, for mitigating flood risks, managing irrigation,
which is a significant tributary of the and preserving the water quality for domestic and
Godavari River. The basin covers parts of industrial use. It is also important in the context of
central and eastern India, including parts regional climate variability, as water resources in
of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and this region are closely linked to the monsoon
Telangana. season.

Purpose of Delineation Overall, the delineation of the Weinganga Basin

forms the foundation for integrated water resource
Delineation is vital for several reasons: management, aiming for sustainable development
and conservation of water bodies and their
Hydrological Modeling: It helps in ecosystems in the region.
assessing water flow, flood risk, and
understanding the overall water balance in
the basin.

Water Resource Management: ABOUT SOFTWARE:

Identifying the exact boundaries allows for
effective planning of water usage, ArcGIS is a powerful geographic information
irrigation, and conservation projects. system (GIS) developed by Esri (Environmental
Systems Research Institute). It provides tools for
Environmental Management: Helps in mapping and spatial analysis, enabling users to
monitoring and protecting the ecosystem capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and
within the basin by identifying areas that present all types of geographic data. ArcGIS is
contribute to water quality and widely used by professionals in fields such as
biodiversity. urban planning, environmental management,
transportation, and natural resource management,
among others.

METHODOLOGY Key Components of ArcGIS

The process of delineation typically involves: ArcGIS consists of several core components that
facilitate a broad range of GIS applications:
 1. ArcMap: central India. The study area of the Weinganga
1. The primary desktop application Basin encompasses the river's entire catchment
for creating maps, analyzing spatial area, which is spread across multiple states,
data, and managing GIS data. mainly Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and parts
2. Users can visualize geographic of Telangana. The basin plays an important role in
information, apply symbology, water resource management, agriculture, and
create layouts, and perform spatial environmental conservation in the region.
analysis with various
geoprocessing tools. Geographical Location
2. ArcCatalog:
1. A companion application for  River Origin: The Weinganga River
ArcMap, used for managing and originates in the Seoni district of Madhya
organizing GIS datasets, as well as Pradesh, in the Satpura Range, at an
browsing and previewing spatial elevation of about 600 meters above sea
data. level.
2. It is helpful for managing metadata  Basin Boundaries: The river flows through
and accessing GIS services and the districts of Balaghat and Seoni in
databases. Madhya Pradesh, entering Maharashtra
3. ArcGIS Pro: through the districts of Gondia, Bhandara,
1. A more modern, high-performance and Gadchiroli, and ultimately joining the
desktop GIS application that Wardha River at the border of Maharashtra
integrates 2D and 3D visualization and Telangana to form the Pranahita River,
and analysis, advanced which is a tributary of the Godavari.
cartography, and collaborative  Latitudinal and Longitudinal Extent: The
tools. basin lies approximately between latitudes
2. ArcGIS Pro supports multiple map 19°20' N to 22°50' N and longitudes
views, better handling of large 78°30' E to 80°30' E.
datasets, and enhanced integration
with web GIS platforms. Area Coverage
4. ArcGIS Online:
1. A cloud-based GIS platform that The Weinganga Basin covers an area of
allows users to share maps, data, about 52,960 square kilometers, which forms a
and applications across the web. crucial part of the overall Godavari River Basin.
2. It provides tools for online The basin area is characterized by a varied
mapping, data hosting, analysis, topography, including forested hills, plateaus,
and collaboration, often used for plains, and valleys.
creating interactive maps and
dashboards for public or enterprise
use.
5. ArcGIS Enterprise:
1. A comprehensive server-based
solution that enables organizations
to deploy and manage GIS data and
services on their infrastructure.
2. It is useful for scaling GIS
solutions across large
organizations, supporting web GIS
capabilities, and integrating spatial
data with other enterprise systems.

STUDY AREA:

The Weinganga Basin is a significant sub-basin of

the Godavari River system, covering parts of
 Go to Spatial Analyst Tools – Hydrology – Flow
accumulation then select the flow direction as
input raster . Go to environments – click on
parallel processing – make it 0 then click on ok.

Right click on flow acc . Go to properties – click

on symbology – click classified – set classes to 2
– click on classify . Set break value as 20000 –
click on OK.

Steps for Delineating the

Watershed Area and Stream
Ordering:

DOWNLOADING DEM FILE FOR THE AREA:

Download the require Digital Elevation Model

(DEM) file from Open Topography SRTM . Make
a new folder in desktop and extract the
downloaded file in this new folder .

ADD DATA TO YOUR SOFTWARE : Go to Catalog. Create new shapefile – name as

outlet – Set point – set WGS coordinate system –
Add the data to your software and change the file click on OK.
name to DEM in the layout option .

FILL:

Go to Spatial Analyst Tools – Hydrology – Fill

then select the DEM raster . Go to environments –
click on parallel processing – make it 0 then click
on ok.

FLOW DIRECTION: Click on outlet . Click on edit features and start

editing . Draw an outlet and then stop editing .
Go to Spatial Analyst Tools – Hydrology – Flow
direction then select the fill as input raster . Go to
environments – click on parallel processing –
make it 0 then click on ok. WATERSHED:

Go to Spatial Analyst Tools – Hydrology –

Watershed then select the flow direction as input
raster . Go to environments – click on parallel
processing – make it 0 then click on ok.

RASTER TO POLYGON:

Go to Conversion Tools – from raster – raster to

FLOW ACCUMULATION: polygon then select the watershed as input raster .
Go to environments – click on parallel processing
– make it 0 then click on ok .

Then , finally set the delineated watershed as the

layout view . And add the legend , title to it .

RASTER TO POLYLINE:

Go to Conversion Tools – from raster – raster to

polyline then select the algebra as input raster . Go
to environments – click on parallel processing –
make it 0 then click on ok .

CLIP :

Go to Geoprocessing – click on clip – set streams

as input features and weinganga as the clip feature
. Go to environments – click on parallel
processing – make it 0 then click on ok .

STREAM ORDER:

Go to Spatial Analyst Tools – Hydrology –

Stream order then select the algebra as input
stream raster and flow direction as input flow . Go
to environments – click on parallel processing –
make it 0 then click on ok.
FINAL RESULTS Morphometric Parameters:
Morphometric parameters are quantitative
measures used to describe the geometry and
characteristics of drainage basins and their
networks. These parameters are essential in
hydrology, geomorphology, and watershed
management, as they provide insights into the
hydrological behavior, development stage, and
potential risks (like flooding or erosion) of a
drainage basin. Below are key morphometric
parameters and their definitions:

BASIN AREA(A): The total surface area of a

drainage basin, typically measured in square
kilometers (km²).

BASIN PERIMETRER (P): The total length of

the boundary or perimeter of a drainage basin,
measured in kilometers (km).

BASIN LENGTH (L): The longest distance from

the watershed outlet to the farthest point on the
basin boundary.
 Calculations on Morphometric
Parameters:
BASIN AREA(A): Total area of watershed =
4035km2.

BASIN PERIMETRER (P): Total length of

watershed boundary = 128.5 km .
DRAINAGE DENSITY (Dd): The total length of
streams and rivers per unit area of the drainage STREAM LENGTH (L): Summation of lengths
basin, typically expressed in km/km². of all streams within the watershed = 82.34km

STREAM ORDER (u): A hierarchical ranking of DRAINAGE DENSITY (Dd): Total stream
streams based on their connectivity and branching, length per unit area.
commonly classified using the Strahler method. Dd = L/A = 82.34/4035 = 0.0204/km

STREAM LENGTH (Lu): The total length of

FORM FACTOR (Ff): A measure of watershed
streams within each stream order of a basin.
shape.
Ff= A/L12 = 4035/42.682 = 2.215

TEXTURE RATIO (T): Ratio of total stream

length to the square toot of watershed area.
T= L/A0.5 = 82.34/ 40350.5 = 1.296.

HEC-HMS:
BIFURCATION RATIO (Rb): The ratio of the
number of streams in one order to the number in HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s
the next higher order. Hydrologic Modeling System) is a versatile
software developed by US army corps of
FORM FACTOR (Ff): A dimensionless ratio engineers for simulating the hydrologic processes
used to define the shape of a basin. of watershed systems. It is used to analyze
rainfall- runoff relationships , perform flood
RELIEF RATIO (Rh): The ratio of the total relief forecasting and support water resource
(difference in elevation between the highest and management.
lowest points) to the basin length.
Key Features of HEC-HMS:

1. Watershed Hydrology Modeling:

o HEC-HMS simulates various
components of the hydrologic
cycle, including precipitation,
evaporation, infiltration, surface
runoff, and channel routing. It
helps in predicting how water
flows through a watershed under
different conditions.
2. Precipitation Modeling:
o The software allows the user to
input different types of
 precipitation data, such as o HEC-HMS provides a user-friendly
historical storm events or synthetic interface for building, running, and
rainfall distributions, which can be visualizing hydrologic models. The
used to simulate flood scenarios. interface supports graphical
3. Runoff Calculations: representation of watershed
o HEC-HMS supports different elements such as subbasins, rivers,
methods for calculating runoff, and reservoirs, making it easier to
including the Soil Conservation construct models.
Service (SCS) Curve Number
method, the Green-Ampt
infiltration model, and others. This
flexibility allows the software to
model watersheds with varying
Steps for preparing Rainfall –
characteristics. runoff data using HEC-HMS:
4. Routing Techniques:
o The software offers multiple
o Extracting the watershed data from
routing methods to simulate how
water moves through channels and ArcGIS in tiff format and add this to
reservoirs. Popular methods your software .
include the Muskingum, Kinematic
Wave, and Modified Puls methods.
5. Subbasin and Channel Representation:
o Watersheds can be divided into
subbasins and river reaches, and
HEC-HMS allows you to model
the hydrologic behavior of each
section individually. This is useful
for detailed analysis and design.
6. Reservoir and Pond Modeling:
o Go to GIS – click on preprocessing
o HEC-HMS has features to simulate
sinks.
the behavior of reservoirs and
detention basins, including the
effects of storage and release
operations. This is essential for
designing flood control
infrastructure.
7. Real-Time Forecasting:
o One of HEC-HMS's strengths is its
ability to be used in real-time
hydrologic forecasting. When
combined with real-time
precipitation data, it can be used to
predict floods and inform decision- o Go to GIS – click on preprocessing
making during storm events. drainage.
8. Calibration and Optimization:
o The software includes tools for
calibrating models against
observed data to improve their
accuracy. It also offers
optimization features for
automatically adjusting model
parameters to best match observed
behavior.
9. Graphical User Interface (GUI):
 CONCLUSION
The delineation of watersheds using ArcGIS is an
efficient and precise approach that leverages the
powerful spatial analysis capabilities of GIS
technology. By using digital elevation models
(DEMs) and other hydrological data, ArcGIS
o Go to GIS – click on identify streams. enables users to accurately identify watershed
Set area as 4000 km2. boundaries, stream networks, and flow patterns
within a region. This process is crucial for water
resource management, flood risk assessment, land
use planning, and environmental conservation.

ArcGIS simplifies complex geospatial tasks by

providing user-friendly tools for processing,
visualizing, and analyzing spatial data. Automated
workflows in ArcGIS, such as flow direction, flow
accumulation, and watershed delineation, reduce
the need for manual interpretation and ensure
consistent results. The ability to integrate diverse
o Go to GIS – click on delineating datasets—ranging from topographic maps to
elements. satellite imagery—further enhances the accuracy
of watershed delineation.
o Extract the data in excel file .
Moreover, the output of watershed delineation
using ArcGIS serves as a foundation for
hydrological modeling, helping decision-makers
predict water flow, manage agricultural activities,
mitigate flooding, and design sustainable
development strategies. In conclusion, the use of
ArcGIS for watershed delineation significantly
enhances the precision, efficiency, and scope of
hydrological studies, making it an invaluable tool
for researchers, planners, and environmental
managers.
REFERENCES
1. Maidment, D. R. (2002). Arc
Hydro: GIS for Water Resources.
ESRI Press.

2. Esri. (2023). Arc Hydro Overview

and User Manual.

3. Strahler, A. N.
(1957). Quantitative Analysis of
Watershed
Geomorphology. Transactions of the
American Geophysical Union, 38(6),
913-920.

4. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS):

Watershed Delineation Tutorial

USGS provides a set of tutorials for

watershed delineation using GIS, with
datasets available for practice. They focus
on using tools such as ArcGIS and QGIS
for practical watershed analysis.