CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

This exploration delves into the experiences of the Bureau of Fire

Protection (BFP) in Hinabangan, Samar in implementing the Fire Code of

the Philippines. It examines the challenges and successes they face in

ensuring fire safety within their jurisdiction. By understanding their

experiences, we can gain valuable insights into the practical application of

the Fire Code and its impact on communities.

This investigation will examine the specific challenges faced by the

BFP in Hinabangan, Samar in implementing the Fire Code. This could

include factors like limited resources, geographical constraints, community

awareness, and compliance issues. It will also analyze the strategies and

initiatives employed by the BFP to enforce the Fire Code and promote fire

safety. This might involve public awareness campaigns, inspections, training

programs, and collaborations with local authorities. Furthermore, the

investigation will assess the effectiveness of the BFP's efforts in reducing

fire incidents and promoting fire safety in Hinabangan, Samar. This could be
assessed through data on fire occurrences, public perception of fire safety,

and the overall impact on the community.

By analyzing these aspects, we can gain a deeper understanding of the

BFP's role in safeguarding communities from fire hazards and the challenges

they face in achieving this goal. This exploration can also serve as a case

study for other areas of the Philippines, highlighting best practices and

potential solutions for effective fire code implementation.

The study by Lagata et al. (2022) explores the challenges faced by

firefighters in Ozamiz City, Philippines, but has limitations that highlight

areas for future research. It focuses exclusively on Ozamiz, limiting the

generalization of findings to other regions. The reliance on qualitative data

from interviews provides rich insights but lacks quantitative support to

measure the prevalence of challenges. The study does not examine specific

contextual factors or potential solutions, nor does it compare experiences

with firefighters in other areas.

Future research could include comparative studies across different

regions, utilizing a mixed methods approach to gain a more comprehensive

understanding of challenges. It should also focus on developing solutions,

such as improved training and resource allocation, and analyzing existing

fire safety policies for potential improvements. Addressing these gaps could

enhance understanding of firefighter challenges in the Philippines and

improve fire safety strategies.

Methodology

This research employed a qualitative survey methodology to delve

into the experiences of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Hinabangan,

Samar, in implementing the Fire Code of the Philippines. The study aimed to

understand the nuances of the BFP’s perspectives on the Fire Code’s

effectiveness, uncover the complexities of challenges and obstacles

encountered during implementation, and explore the rich tapestry of

community awareness and compliance.

Survey Design and Instrument

A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to gather rich,

qualitative data from two target populations: BFP personnel stationed in

Hinabangan, Samar, and residents of Hinabangan, Samar. The questionnaire

incorporated open-ended questions designed to elicit detailed narratives and

diverse perspectives.

- BFP Personnel Questionnaire: This section focused on gathering in-

depth accounts of the BFP personnel’s experiences implementing the Fire

Code, the challenges they faced, the strategies they employed, and their

perceptions of community awareness and compliance.

- Resident Questionnaire: This section aimed to capture residents’

understanding of the Fire Code, their experiences with the BFP, their

perspectives on fire safety in the community, and any barriers they

encountered in complying with fire safety regulations.

Sampling and Data Collection

A purposive sampling approach was used to select participants from

both target populations. For BFP personnel, the sample was chosen to

represent different ranks and departments, ensuring a diversity of roles and

experiences. For residents, participants were selected from different

barangays within Hinabangan, Samar, to capture a range of perspectives

from various geographic areas.

 The survey was distributed through a combination of paper-based and

online methods. Paper-based questionnaires were handed out in person to

BFP personnel and residents, while online surveys were conducted using a

secure platform. Incentives were offered to encourage participation.

Data Analysis

Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data

collected from the open-ended questions. This involved identifying recurring

themes, patterns, and insights within the narratives provided by participants.

Thematic analysis allowed for a deeper understanding of the BFP’s

experiences, challenges, and perspectives, as well as the nuances of

community perceptions and experiences.

Ethical Considerations

Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their

participation in the survey. Confidentiality and anonymity were ensured by

assigning unique identification numbers to each participant and removing

any personally identifiable information from the data. The data was securely

stored and protected from unauthorized access.

Limitations

This study acknowledges certain limitations. The sample size was

limited, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Additionally,

the reliance on self-reported data through surveys may introduce potential

biases.

Conclusion

This qualitative survey-based study provides valuable insights into the

experiences of the BFP in Hinabangan, Samar, in implementing the Fire

Code of the Philippines. The findings offer a rich tapestry of perspectives,

challenges, and strategies, contributing to a deeper understanding of the

complexities of fire safety in the region.

This research aims to explore the experiences of the Bureau of Fire

Protection (BFP) in implementing the Fire Code of the Philippines in

Hinabangan, Samar. By examining the BFP’s challenges, strategies, and

successes in this specific rural context, the study will contribute to a deeper

understanding of the complexities of fire code implementation in the

Philippines and identify potential solutions for improving fire safety

nationwide.

Theoretical Background

This study is anchored on three (3) theories, namely: Organizational

Change Theory by Kurt Lewin’s (2024), the Street-Level Bureaucracy

Theory by Michael Lipsky (1980) ,and the Compliance Theory by John

Braithwaite and Ian Ayres (1992).

Organizational Change Theory: A Framework for Transformation

Organizational change theory is a multidisciplinary field of study that

examines how organizations implement change and undergo a

transformational process. It encompasses a range of theories and frameworks

to explain the dynamics involved in managing and implementing change

within organizations, including the impact those changes have on

employees, customers, stakeholders, and others. The ultimate goal of

organizational change management is to find the best strategies for leading

successful transformations within an organization.

Kurt Lewin’s Change Management Model: A Three-Stage Approach

One of the most prominent models in organizational change theory is

Kurt Lewin’s Change Management Model, which outlines a three-stage

process for effectively implementing change within an organization. The

model emphasizes the importance of understanding the dynamics of change

and navigating the challenges associated with transitioning from the old

status quo to a new one. The three stages are: Unfreezing, where the need for

change is identified and the organization prepares for the transition;

Changing, where the actual implementation of the change takes place; and

Refreezing, where the new changes are solidified and integrated into the

organization’s culture and practices. This model provides a valuable

framework for analyzing how organizations, such as the Bureau of Fire

Protection (BFP), adapt to changes in regulations, such as the

implementation of the Fire Code of the Philippines.

In conclusion, Organizational Change Theory serves as a vital

framework for understanding how organizations navigate transformation in

response to evolving demands and regulations. By examining various

theories and models within this field, organizations can better grasp the
complexities involved in implementing change. Among these models, Kurt

Lewin’s Change Management Model stands out for its simplicity and

effectiveness, outlining a clear three-stage process: Unfreezing, Changing,

and Refreezing. This structured approach not only helps organizations

identify the need for change but also facilitates the smooth transition and

integration of new practices into their culture.

Specifically, in the context of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and

the implementation of the Fire Code of the Philippines, Lewin’s model

offers valuable insights into how the organization can adapt its operations

and ensure compliance. By recognizing the challenges inherent in each stage

of the change process, the BFP can develop strategies that promote

successful transformation while minimizing resistance among stakeholders.

Ultimately, leveraging organizational change theory equips the BFP with the

tools to enhance its operational effectiveness and fulfill its mission of

ensuring fire safety and regulatory compliance in the community.

Street-Level Bureaucracy Theory: The Frontline of Policy Implementation

Street-level bureaucracy theory, developed by Michael Lipsky,

focuses on the role of frontline workers, often referred to as “street-level

bureaucrats,” in shaping the implementation of public policies. This theory

emphasizes the discretionary power and practical challenges faced by these

workers as they navigate the complexities of implementing policies in real-

world settings.

BFP Officers: Navigating the Fire Code in Practice

In the context of fire safety regulations, street-level bureaucracy

theory offers a valuable lens for understanding the experiences of BFP

officers, who serve as frontline enforcers of the Fire Code. The theory

recognizes that these officers often operate within resource constraints, face

unclear directives, and exercise considerable discretion in applying the law.

This means that BFP officers may adapt the Fire Code to fit specific local

conditions and practical constraints, shaping how the policy is implemented

on the ground. Studying the experiences of BFP personnel through this lens
allows for a deeper understanding of the real-world challenges they face and

the informal processes they employ to navigate policy implementation.

Street-level bureaucracy theory, pioneered by Michael Lipsky,

provides a crucial lens for understanding the complex realities of policy

implementation. It highlights the significant role of frontline workers, often

referred to as “street-level bureaucrats,” in shaping how policies are applied

in real-world settings. These workers, like BFP officers enforcing the Fire

Code, operate within a dynamic environment marked by resource

constraints, ambiguous directives, and the need for practical discretion.

This theory emphasizes that frontline workers are not simply passive

implementers of policy, but active agents who adapt and interpret

regulations based on local conditions and practical challenges. This nuanced

perspective sheds light on the informal processes and strategies that frontline

workers develop to navigate policy implementation, often shaping the

policy’s impact on the ground.

 Understanding the experiences of BFP officers through the lens of

street-level bureaucracy theory is essential for optimizing policy

effectiveness. It allows for a more realistic assessment of the challenges

faced by frontline workers and informs the development of strategies that

support their work, address resource constraints, and foster a more effective

implementation of fire safety regulations.

Compliance Theory: A Graduated Approach to Regulation

Compliance theory explores how organizations achieve adherence to

laws and regulations. One prominent framework within this field is Ayres

and Braithwaite’s Regulatory Pyramid, which proposes a graduated

approach to enforcement . This model suggests that enforcement agencies,

like the BFP, should utilize a tiered system of enforcement strategies,

starting with less intrusive measures and escalating to more severe actions if

necessary.

The Regulatory Pyramid: From Education to Punitive Measures

The Regulatory Pyramid is structured as follows: This forms the base

of the pyramid, where organizations focus on promoting awareness and

understanding of regulations through campaigns, training programs, and

other educational initiatives. The goal is to encourage voluntary compliance

by providing clear information and guidance. If education and persuasion

fail to achieve compliance, the next level involves issuing warnings or

imposing minor sanctions, such as fines. These measures serve as a deterrent

and signal that non-compliance will not be tolerated. At the apex of the

pyramid, more severe actions are reserved for persistent non-compliance.

These can include business closures, hefty penalties, or legal action. The aim

is to deter future violations and ensure that regulations are effectively

enforced.

Analyzing BFP Compliance Strategies

This theory provides a framework for examining how the BFP

manages compliance with the Fire Code. By analyzing the BFP’s

enforcement practices, we can assess whether they prioritize persuasive

strategies at the base of the pyramid or lean towards punitive measures at the

top. Understanding this balance is crucial for evaluating the overall

effectiveness of their compliance efforts. For example, if the BFP primarily

relies on punitive measures, it might create a culture of fear and resentment

among stakeholders, potentially hindering long-term compliance.

Conversely, an overemphasis on education and persuasion could lead to a

lack of enforcement and undermine the effectiveness of the Fire Code.

By applying these three theories – Organizational Change Theory,

Street-Level Bureaucracy Theory, and Compliance Theory – we gain a

comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay of factors that shape

the implementation of the Fire Code in the Philippines. This analysis helps

us identify areas for improvement, potential challenges, and opportunities

for optimizing the BFP’s enforcement strategies and ensuring effective fire

safety across the country.

Compliance Theory, particularly the Regulatory Pyramid model

developed by Ayres and Braithwaite, provides a valuable framework for

understanding how organizations can effectively achieve adherence to

regulations. The model emphasizes a graduated approach to enforcement,

starting with education and persuasion to encourage voluntary compliance

and escalating to more severe measures, such as warnings and sanctions, for

persistent non-compliance. This tiered system allows for a balanced and

adaptable approach to enforcement, minimizing unnecessary punitive action

while ensuring that regulations are effectively enforced.

 Analyzing the BFP’s compliance strategies through the lens of the

Regulatory Pyramid reveals the importance of striking a balance between

persuasive and punitive measures. An overreliance on punitive measures can

create a culture of fear and resentment, potentially hindering long-term

compliance. Conversely, an overemphasis on education and persuasion

could lead to a lack of enforcement, undermining the effectiveness of the

Fire Code.

By integrating Compliance Theory with Organizational Change

Theory and Street-Level Bureaucracy Theory, we gain a comprehensive

understanding of the complex dynamics that influence the implementation of

the Fire Code in the Philippines. This analysis highlights the need for a

multi-faceted approach that considers the organizational challenges, the

experiences of frontline workers, and the effectiveness of different

enforcement strategies. By optimizing these factors, the BFP can enhance its

compliance efforts, ensuring effective fire safety and regulatory adherence

across the country.

Conclusion:
 The three theories – Organizational Change Theory, Street-Level

Bureaucracy Theory, and Compliance Theory – offer a comprehensive

framework for understanding the complex dynamics of implementing the

Fire Code in the Philippines. Each theory sheds light on a different aspect of

the process, revealing the interconnected nature of organizational change,

frontline worker experiences, and enforcement strategies.

Organizational Change Theory emphasizes the importance of

understanding the dynamics of change within the BFP, highlighting the need

for a structured approach to transitioning from the old status quo to a new

system aligned with the Fire Code. This theory underscores the importance

of clear communication, stakeholder engagement, and effective leadership in

driving successful transformation.

Street-Level Bureaucracy Theory focuses on the experiences of BFP

officers, the frontline enforcers of the Fire Code. It recognizes that these

officers operate within resource constraints, face ambiguous directives, and

often exercise discretion in applying the law. This theory emphasizes the
need to support frontline workers and address their challenges, recognizing

their vital role in shaping the practical implementation of the Fire Code.

Compliance Theory, particularly the Regulatory Pyramid model,

provides a framework for optimizing enforcement strategies. It advocates for

a graduated approach, starting with education and persuasion to encourage

voluntary compliance and escalating to more severe measures for persistent

non-compliance. This theory highlights the importance of balancing

persuasive and punitive measures to ensure effective enforcement while

fostering a culture of cooperation and understanding among stakeholders.

By integrating these three theories, we gain a holistic understanding of

the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing the Fire

Code. This comprehensive perspective allows for the development of

strategies that address organizational change, support frontline workers, and

optimize enforcement practices. Ultimately, this integrated approach aims to

ensure effective fire safety and regulatory adherence across the Philippines,

fostering a safer and more secure environment for all.

Review of Related Literature

Fire departments respond to numerous cases to save lives and protect

valued materials while countless obstacles make the task difficult and

dangerous for both firefighters and those in need of rescue (Veszprémi, &

Pántya, 2021). The cost of fire incidents is obviously enormous. It results in

pains and death of victims, waste of time, money and materials and damage

to equipment and structures (Adegboro & Ojoye, 2019). For the past years,

fire incidents have become a big problem for the Philippines, since it affects

the socioeconomic growth of the country (Asor, Lerios, Sapin, Padallan, &

Buama, 2021). Firefighting operations in the Philippines take too much time

to finish due to the minimal resources and low upgrades in technologies in

the bureau of fire protection (BFP); the poor performance results to increase

the damage that makes it close to impossible to save all of the lives affected

by the fire incident (Zadeh, Abdulwakil, Amar, Durante, & Santos, 2021).

Between 2011 and 2019, more than 1,300 fire incidents occurred in

the Philippines, killing thousands of people and damaging more than Php 4

billion of properties (Villa, & Ceballos, 2021). The delay in the fire

department arriving at the location of the fire was due to the obstacles faced,
for example, delays in information about the fire from the community, lack

of public awareness of giving priority to fire engines and supporting

facilities like some fire engines whose age was of concern enough to affect

firefighting services (Kahanji, Walls & Cicione 2019).

The fire-fighting capacity of any fire station should conform to the

national and international standards. The location and the service area of the

fire station, are important issues to reduce fire risk. Along with these spatial

requirements, a number of non-spatial issues, such as staff, equipment,

vehicle, function, organization and technology etc. are also related with

efficient fire services (Tishi & Islam 2019). Optimum level of staff in

accordance with the population demand is also important in order to

effectively perform fire extinguishing activities (Brzezińska, Bryant &

Markowski, 2019).

Non-compliance to the Philippines' Fire Code of 2008 resulted in the

loss of thousands of lives and billions of properties. As an elaboration, an

electrical short circuit burned down the NCCC mall in Davao City on

December 23, 2017, and claimed 38 lives (Antonio IV, 2018; Basa, 2017

Colina, 2018; Revita, 2018; Nawal & Lim, 2017; Villamor, 2017a; 2017b).

Likewise, on May 13, 2015, a fire broke out at the Kentex Manufacturing
factory in Valenzuela City and claimed 74 lives. The worst fire recorded in

the Philippines was the 1996 Ozone Disco Club fire that claimed 162 lives

(Bautista, 2017; Mayuga, 2018). These are just a few examples of morbid

fire incidents. All of these happened due to the very poor or even non-

compliance of the fire code.

Following the Fire Code of 2008 is of extreme importance when

erecting buildings, structures, and facilities. This code has laid the

frameworks for the building code or the fire safety compliance in buildings.

So, all structure owners should be mindful of the importance of complying

with the building code as the fire was the sixth leading cause of

unintentional injury-related death over all ages in 2017 (National Safety

Council, 2020). Fires often start at night, and if buildings are compliant with

the fire code, a working smoke alarm will give sleeping families more than

half a chance of survival (National Safety Council, 2018; William Hird &

Company, 2020).

In the Philippines, the Bureau of Fire Protection has launched fire

awareness programs all over the country, with the theme, "Ligtas Na

Pilipinas Ang AtingHangad, Pag-Iingat Sa Sunog Sa SariliIpatupad," (We

Aim for a Safe Philippines, Observe Fire Safety). Besides this, the BFP has
programs and activities that would reduce fire incidents in the country. They

also have brochures that would guide in preventing injuries and save lives

(Philippine Primer, 2018). Similarly, in Davao City, the BFP has several

campaign activities for fire safety and prevention. They have been

campaigning in public and private schools to raise awareness among

students; fire drills conclude them (Opiana, 2017).

Change, in the same way as other terms, is hard to define. People have

different characterization and version of this seemingly simple word.

Merriam Webster’s Dictionary (2007) defines change as the act, process, or

result in the forms of substitution, alteration, and transformation. This is a

simple definition but may come along with numerous interpretations.

Organizations always adapt to meet needs because change is a constant.

Change in an organization can be caused by both internal and external

factors (Palumbo & Manna, 2019) [10] . Understanding these causes is

crucial to effective organizational management. As a result of the fact that

organizational change invariably impacts them as well, employees must also

be aware of what causes it (Amankwa-Amoae et al., 2021) [2] . Avoiding

the use of pointless or haphazard tactics and attempting to concentrate on an

appropriate course of action are crucial when managing change and putting

change strategies into practice (Kornberger & Vaara, 2022) [13] .

Change management is a continuous process that requires effort,

knowledge, devotion, and time to set up and maintain (Dwivedi et al., 2023)

[5] . The personnel must be involved, and this could mean that they will also

be impacted by the changes. An organization must first determine why it

needs the changes and how they will benefit it before implementing one of

the numerous effective and well-liked change management methodologies

and models (Furterer & Wood, 2021; Veeraraghava, 2021)

Firefighting plays a critical role due to its importance in protecting

lives, property, and the environment. Having an established and capable fire

department is vital for effective emergency response, including rapid and

fire suppression, specialized training, hazardous materials response,

technical rescue operations, incident command and coordination, prevention

and education efforts. These capabilities allow fire departments to fulfill

their mission of protecting lives, property, and the environment during

emergencies.

Maintaining Firefighting Capacity and Efficient Systems need to be

created to protect residents of Japan, there are concerns about the decline in
the firefighting systems of local governments. Some small fire departments

have not been able to respond to large-scale disasters. Even when staffers

picked up the phone and received requests for rescue, there were no

firefighters available to be dispatched.

All they could do was to advise people to “please evacuate to a safer

place, if at all possible. “This situation shows that with limited staff and

equipment, personnel will not be able to respond sufficiently to large-scale

disasters. About 60% of the nation’s fire departments serve populations of

less than 100,000 people. Population declines will likely make it even harder

to secure human resources and budgetary funding, (The Yomiuri Shimbun,

2023)

Fire starts with burning until it cannot be controlled. Fire can has

many effects in fatalities, material damage, and business. Based on data

from National Disaster Management Agency the fire that occurred in

Indonesia in 2012 until 2018 with a total of 486 incidents. According to

Kepmen PU No. 10/2002, every building must completed the fire safety

protection including an active fire protection system.

This study used descriptive design with mix method using an

observational approach. This research instrument using a checklist and

interview sheets. The purpose of the research is to determine the suitability

level of active fire protection in Yaperjasa senior high school in 2020 than

the result will be compared based on several standards preference such as

Permen PU No.26/2008, SNI 03-3989-2000, SNI 3985-2000, SNI 1745-

2000, Permen PU No.20/2009 dan NFPA.

From the result of research showed the suitability level of the active

fire protection system in Yaperjasa senior high school only has existing

components only fire extinguisher with a score 73.3%. This level means it

has quite good suitability, but there are still many components that are not

available such as fire hydrants, sprinklers, standpipe systems, manual call

point, fire alarm adan fire detectors.

Related Studies

Challenges Encountered and Insights of the Bureau of Fire Protection

Personnel Towards Responding Fire Incident

In a fire incident, fire fighters struggle too much for the safety of our

communities. This study explored the challenges encountered by the BFP of

Ozamiz City in responding fire incidents. It utilized the phenomenological

research design. It was participated by the Bureau of Fire Protection in

Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. Interview responses were analyzed using

Moussakas' Transcendental phenomenological reduction. This study

generated five themes: (1) Scarcity in Responding Fire Incident, (2) An

Arduous work that Demands Physical and Psychological Strength, (3)

Frustration in the Work, (4) Collaboration and Cooperation in Fire Safety

and Prevention, (5) Serving the People. In this study, the researcher analyzed

the data using the narrative and phenomenology methods of Moustakas for

the gathering of information through open-ended and conversational

communication. As a result, most of the participants have different

challenges encountered in responding fire incident. These challenges made

an impact physically and mentally which is extremely stressful and draining

during a fire incident. On the other hand, the participants have learned how

to maintain active connection with the public, promote fire safety, and raise

the number of force multipliers. Further, the BFP should have the full

support of the community when an emergency occurs. Lastly, the

participants have sensible of their actions. To mitigate firefighter life-safety

concerns and achieve successfully fireground outcomes, it is critically

important for firefighters to have the necessary preparedness capabilities to

respond. Firefighter preparedness consists of technical and contextual

knowledge, specialized training, and firefighting experience.

Firefighting Capabilities and Performance of the Bureau of Fire Protection-

Marinduque in Responding to Fire Incidence: Basis for Service Delivery

Framework

Felix P. Echavaria, Jr., * Junn Quirk I. Espiritu

Present the level of performance in implementing fire prevention

programs, and to know if there is a significant relationship of firefighting

capabilities and performance of BFP-Marinduque Personnel. To identify the

gaps in the implementation of fire prevention programs as well as the

problems encountered and strategies employed by the personnel and

management of the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Marinduque

from 2018 to 2022. Further, to propose a framework of service delivery for

fire prevention based from the results of this study that could be helpful in

the future researches. The descriptive research method was used in this

study. The documentation records obtained from the Bureau of Fire

Protection Provincial Office in Tampus, Boac, Marinduque, and the

province's six Municipal Fire Stations, as well as the survey questionnaires

administered in each station and the provincial office, are the sources of

data. The information was tallied, analyzed and interpreted. The statistical

tools that were utilized to treat and interpret the data required for the study

are frequency count, percentage calculations, ranking, and Pearson

correlation coefficient. Fire Incidence in the Province of Marinduque reveals

a total of 58 fire events. The municipalities of Boac, Buenavista, Gasan,

Santa Cruz, and Torrijos have similar fire causes, except for Mogpog, which

has open flames or unsupervised cooking as the leading cause of fires in this

area. The capability of the Marinduque Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in

terms of tools, personal protective equipment, and the number of firetrucks

indicates a varied landscape of readiness throughout towns, with an overall

capability of 74.49% and a verbal description of "adequate." In terms of

manpower, the total capability of the BFP in Marinduque is assessed as

"adequate" at 62.06%. In terms of firefighting capability in terms of acquired

skills and trainings. BFP staff possess a broad range of skills that can be

categorized into three: hard skills, professional skills, and specialized skills.

The firefighting capability in terms of adequacy and sufficiency of facilities

and infrastructures yields a total mean for adequacy of 3.25, implying that

these facilities, on average, provide what is necessary but with room for
improvement. The total sufficiency mean is 3.06. BFP Marinduque has

maintained a consistent budget utilization rate of 100% for the last five fiscal

years. The mean performance ratings for various Fire Prevention activities

range from 4.08 to 4.69, indicating that the BFP's performance is either

"Very Satisfactory" or "Outstanding". There is a significant relationship of

firefighting capabilities to the performance of BFP-Marinduque therefore

null hypothesis is rejected.

THE FIRE VICTIMS DILEMMA: UNVEILING STORIES DURING

COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Elmie A. Allanic , Jose F. Cuevas Jr. , and Rex Ian Jade C. Prenala

Fires disaster in the Philippines becomes a major concern in recent

years, particularly in residential structures. This study explored the

experiences of fire victims during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was

participated by eight fire victims from Misamis Occidental, the northern part

of Mindanao, Philippines. The participants were identified through the

snowball sampling method. Moustakas' transcendental phenomenology was

used in analyzing the data to come up with four meaningful themes, namely;
1) outpouring support from the community, 2) uncertainty and anxiety of the

family situation, 3) guilt and accountability to the incident, and 4) strong

faith in God. The results revealed that the participants exhibited a high

amount of stress and anxiety during the incident especially that the

Philippines are in lockdown due to the pandemic. However, it is highlighted

that the result also shows the positive attitude among Filipinos is still alive.

It is recommended following: strengthen the campaign of fire prevention,

create local fire brigades, and provide psychological assessment and

intervention to the fire incident. Lastly, but most importantly, to revive the

traditional positive attitude of being a Filipinos

Compliance with the 2008 Fire Code of The Philippines (RA 9514): Basis

for Intervention Jhon Louie A. Pintac, Diomedes R. Pechora, Victoria O.

Ligan

This research intended to establish the extent of citizen’s compliance

with Republic Act 9514–the 2008 Fire Code of the Philippines, and

introduce intervention strategies for its implementation. The study was a

univariate-descriptive approach that utilized secondary data, a consolidated

accomplishment report on fire safety evaluation and inspection by the fire

stations in Davao City from 2016 to 2018. A total of 115,089 data were

analyzed using descriptive statistics to realize the objectives of the study.

Results showed that only the business and mercantile structure owners have

the highest percentage of compliance at about 45 percent, compared to the

rest of the structure owners. Moreover, the data exposed a decreasing trend

in the Fire Safety Inspection Certificates (FSIC) issuances from 2016 to

2018, which suggested that more and more building owners did not comply

with the fire code every year. Overall, the data implied a high risk of fire

occurrences in the city, considering the high percentage of non-compliance

with the fire code. Hence, the researcher calls for adopting the proposed

intervention strategies recommended in this study to optimize compliance

with RA 9514.

Perceptions pertaining to the impact of modernization plan of the bureau of

fire protection within Caraga region

Cypol Jay C Inocente , Ralph Ian S Colima , Robert H Espinola , Sandy C

Nuyles , Francis Carl T Paulite , Dondee Nyer P Malaqui , Remegio

Bergamo Jr.
 This study examines the perceptions pertaining to the impact of the

modernization plan of the Bureau of Fire Protection within the Caraga

Region. The respondents, consisting primarily of single individuals with

Bachelor's degrees, aged between 36- 40, and with 6-10 years of service,

generally hold a positive perception towards the implementation of the

modernization law. The findings reveal a high level of agreement regarding

improvements in various areas, such as Fire Protection Service, Force

Restructuring, Organizational Development, Capability, Material and

Technology Development, and Specialized Services Development.

Respondents also strongly agree that the modernization law has positively

impacted their performance in fire prevention, fire suppression, fire

investigation, and emergency medical services. However, there appears to be

no significant relationship between the implementation of the modernization

law and performance in fire prevention, fire suppression, and fire

investigation and intelligence. Only emergency medical and rescue services

demonstrated a significant correlation, indicating the potential impact of the

modernization law in this area. The study also highlights areas that require

attention, including human resource development and employee work-life

balance. The ranking of issues and concerns by respondents emphasizes the

need for specialized training for fire fighters, regular fire prevention
campaigns, and a focus on disaster preparedness and resilience. These

findings provide valuable insights to guide future efforts in enhancing the

effectiveness of the modernization law and its impact on fire protection

services within the Caraga Region.

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES OF BFP IN HINABANGAN

SAMAR IN IMPLEMENTING THE FIRE CODE OF THE

PHILIPPINES

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:

1. What are the risks and dangers do firefighters in Hinabangan

Samar often encounter while performing duties?

 2. What are the main challenges facing the BFP in Hinabangan,

Samar in implementing the fire Code of the Philippines, and how

does in affect the safety of residnts?

3. How does being a firefighters affects their personal and

professional lives?

Significance of the Study

The result of the study benefited the following:

SIGNIFICANCE – The fire officer is responsible for the skill

confidence, and competence of the fire fighters under confidence in this

context, the defenders of fire against the devastating impact incidents in

work place require skills to handle emergency response situations. This

study aims to examine the significance of such BFP officer saving life and

remains transparent.

BARANGAY- It will provide better service to protect community’s

property and minimize the damage associate with fire.

PUBLIC - The primary benefactors of this research are the people in

public can greatly ad provide service. Fire prevention advocacy can increase

awareness, change habits and persuade people to invest prevention.

 BUSINESSES – Help reduce damage buildings, equipment,

documents and inventory. It reduce the risk of fire incidents and protect their

property and employees.

FUTURE RESEARCHER- This will benefit other researcher who

whish to have similar studies the result will serve as their background

information in conducting their own research.

The significance of exploring challenges And experience of BFP officers in

fire fighting operations enhanced health surveillance, targeted interventions,

community empowerment and effective awareness.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design – This Qualitative research used phenomenological

research design by using interview guide for personal interviews and

focused group discussions (FOD)

Define phenomenological research study which focuses on obtaining by

open ended and conversation communication. The phenomenological seeks

to understand and describe the universal essence of phenomenon the

approach investigates the everyday experiences of human beings while

 suspending the research’s pre conceived assumptions about phenomenon.

The questions and closing statement since the study utilized the

transcendental phenology approach, the interview process use open ended

questions and narrative type of answers to solicit the insight of the BFP

personnel an implementing the fire code of the Philippines. (Mediterranean

Journal of Basic and applied Sciences (MJBAS), 2022)

(author, year).

The Philippine’s Bureau of fire protection (BFP) is facing challenges

in firefighting operation due to limited resources and outdated technologies,

resulting in increased damage and making it nearly impossible to save all

lives affected bye fire incidents ( Zadeh, Abdulwakil, Amar, Durante, and

Santos, 2021) the fire Departments delay in arriving at the scene of the fire

was caused by obstacles such as delay in receiving information about the fire

from the community, a lack of public awareness of prioritizing fire engines

and supporting facilities, and some fire engines whose age was concerning

enough to affect firefighting services ( Kahanji, Walls and Cicione, 2019)

RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
 The study will be conducted in Hinabangan,Samar municipality in a

Province of Samar,Philippines, comprising 21 Barangays.The survey will

take place at Hinabangan Fire Station Office. The repondents will

interviewed on the Fire Station Office or any comfortable place that the

respondents will choose to.

The researcher identified qualifying criteria for participating barangays as a

locale of the study. The researcher will look for the following

criteria:

first, Proximity to high risk fire areas,second history of Fire incidents or

violations of fire Code in the Philippines and lastly, Availability of BFP

personnel and resources for fire Code implementation.

Research Participants

The participants of this study were Bureau of Fire Protection(BFP)

personnel from

Hinabangan, Samar specifically the fire officer and personnel of selected fire

station This
study involved ten (10) participants wherein six (6) of whom are for

individual interview and the

remaining four (4) will be for Focused Group Discussion (FGD).

Researchers identified the participants in this study using the purposive

convenience sampling method. The number of participants in whose length

of service as a BFP personnel/Firefighters/Fire Officers range from 2 years

to 3 years, with experience in Fire Code implementation and enforcement

and currently assigned in selected Stations/Units.

Moreover, the informants who were selected were based on my

convenience and accessibility and was taken into consideration.

Research Instruments

In gathering all the necessary data for the study, an interview guide

was carefully crafted. The panel members screened and evaluated the

questions that were created. The type of questions that were used in this

study were open-ended questions. The interview guide consists of four parts.

The participants' demographic profile comes first, followed by the

participants' experience in implementing the Fire Code of the Philippines.

Third, the responses

of the participants towards challenges encountered in the performance of

duties.

Lastly, solicit the views of the participants' regarding their aspirations for

quality service.

Additionally, researcher used the prepared questions in a focus

group

discussion and an individual interview with the chosen BFP

personnel/firefighters/fire officer from selected fire stations in

Hinabangan,Samar.

Research Procedures

Data Collection. In the conduct of this study, researchers sought

permission for the validation of the interview guide from our adviser. After
its review and validation, researchers wrote a letter to the Station

Commander/Chief of the

Bureau of Fire Protection(BFP) Hinabangan,Samar citing the purpose of the

study.

After the permission was granted, data were gathered and established

using the prepared research interview guide through individual interviews

and focus group discussions. An audio recorder was used to properly

document the data that were gathered. After this, a transcript of the

individual interview and focus group discussion was created.

The interviews were conducted in Waray-Waray. It was recorded,

transcribed verbatim, and then translated into English for further analysis by

an experienced English translator.

Data Analysis. The obtained data was analyzed using the Colaizzi method.

By coding the relevant comments made by the informants, the information

obtained was classified. Key definitions were developed based on their

statements. Due to parallels, it was re-grouped in classification and

interpretations and clustered into themes, with the evolving themes crafted

by the researcher. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the research

findings.

Ethical Considerations for the BFP in Hinabangan, Samar in

Implementing the Fire Code of the Philippines

The BFP's implementation of the Fire Code in Hinabangan, Samar,

presents a unique set of ethical challenges due to the specific conditions

and needs of the region.

1. Cultural Sensitivity and Community Engagement:

* Respecting local customs: The BFP should be mindful of local customs

and beliefs, especially when dealing with indigenous communities.

* Building trust: Engaging with the community through open dialogue and

transparent communication can foster trust and cooperation.

* Involving stakeholders: Incorporating local leaders, community

organizations, and residents in the implementation process can ensure a

more effective and culturally relevant approach.

2. Resource Constraints and Prioritization:

* Limited resources: The BFP may face challenges due to limited

personnel, equipment, and funding, particularly in rural areas like

Hinabangan.

* Prioritizing risks: Ethical considerations arise when prioritizing areas for

enforcement, considering factors such as population density, vulnerability to

fires, and compliance levels.

* Fair and equitable allocation: Ensuring that resources are allocated

fairly and equitably across different communities can help prevent

discrimination and ensure public safety.

3. Enforcement and Accountability:

* Transparency and fairness: The BFP should maintain transparency in

its enforcement practices, ensuring that all individuals and entities are

treated fairly and impartially.

* Accountability: Holding the BFP accountable for its actions can help

build public trust and ensure that the Fire Code is implemented effectively.

* Corruption prevention: Implementing measures to prevent corruption

within the BFP is crucial to maintain public confidence and ensure that the

agency is serving the best interests of the community.

4. Environmental Impact:

* Sustainable practices: The BFP should consider the environmental

impact of its operations, such as the use of chemicals and the disposal of

waste.

* Promoting sustainability: Encouraging sustainable building practices

and fire prevention measures can help reduce the overall environmental

footprint of the community.

5. Public Safety and Welfare:

* Protecting lives and property: The primary goal of the BFP is to protect

public safety and welfare by preventing and mitigating fires.

* Balancing rights and responsibilities: While enforcing the Fire Code is

essential, the BFP should also respect the rights of individuals and

businesses, striking a balance between safety and individual freedoms.

By carefully considering these ethical factors, the BFP can effectively

implement the Fire Code in Hinabangan, Samar, ensuring that it serves the

best interests of the community while respecting cultural norms, addressing

resource constraints, and promoting public safety and welfare.

 Trustworthiness is a key quality that ensures the credibility and

reliability of research findings. It encompasses several dimensions:

* Credibility: The confidence that the research findings accurately reflect

the phenomenon being studied.

* Transferability: The extent to which the research findings can be applied

to other contexts.

* Dependability: The consistency of the research findings over time.

* Conformability: The degree to which the research findings can be

verified by others.

As for credibility, researchers were assured and confident that the findings

of the study were true and genuine. The credibility of the study being

conducted were met because the real portrait of the phenomenon under

scrutiny were depicted. Credibility was the first aspect of criterion that must

be established. It was seen as the most important aspect or measure in

establishing trustworthiness because credibility essentially asks the

researcher to clearly link the research findings with reality in order to

demonstrate the truth of the research findings (Sarsalejo, 2018).

It was also dependable because it can be repeated by other researchers or

future researcher and its findings will be consistent. The researcher’s aim is

to verify his/her findings and should be consistent with the raw data

collected. It is dependable when you reach the same conclusion and arrive at

same findings.

It was transferable, as the study's findings can be applied to similar

situations and phenomena. The details of the study provided sufficient

details for other researchers to decide whether to conduct a similar study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

In order to fully understand the terms used in this research. The following

terms are operationally defined.

Lived Experiences of Victims of Domestic Violence Cases. The

implementation of the Fire Code of the Philippines in Hinabangan Samar

poses several challenges that can damage the relationship between the local

government and the community.

 1. Lack of awareness and understanding of the Fire Code – The

community may not be aware of the provisions of the Fire Code, which can

lead to non-compliance and violations. This can damage the relationship

between the local government and the community, as the latter may feel that

they are being unfairly punished for something they are not aware of.

2. Limited resources – The local government may have limited

resources to implement the Fire Code effectively. This can lead to delays

and gaps in the implementation, which can further damage the relationship

between the local government and the community.

3. Resistance to change – Some members of the community may resist

changes required by the Fire Code, such as the installation of fire alarms and

sprinklers.

Responding to the Challenges Encountered in the Treatment of the Victims

of Domestic Violence. Implementing the Fire Code of the Philippines in

 Hinabangan Samar, responding to the challenges encountered in the

treatment of victims of domestic violence can still be important in promoting

a positive relationship between the local government and the community.

Here are some ways to respond to the challenges encountered in the

treatment of victims of domestic violence:

1. Increase awareness – The local government can conduct community-

wide campaigns to raise awareness on domestic violence, its effects, and

how to report it. This can be done through various channels such as

seminars, workshops, and even through social media.

2. Train law enforcement – Law enforcement personnel should be

trained on how to properly handle domestic violence cases, including how to

identify and respond to victims of domestic violence. This can help ensure

that victims receive the proper treatment and support they need.
 4. Establish support services – Victims of domestic violence need a

safe and supportive environment where they can seek help and support. The

local government can establish support services such as hotlines, counseling

services, and shelters for victims of domestic violence.

5. Strengthen laws and policies – Strong laws and policies against

domestic violence can help prevent it from happening in the first place. The

local government can work with lawmakers and advocacy groups to

strengthen existing laws and policies or create new ones to protect victims of

domestic violence.

Aspirations of the Participants for Quality Service based on what people in

general may aspire for quality service in lmplementing the Fire Code of

the Philippines in Hinabangan, Samar.

1. Timely and efficient response to emergency calls – people expect

the BFP to arrive quickly and take appropriate action to mitigate the fire or

other disasters.

2. Effective communication with the community – BFP personnel

should be able to communicate clearly and effectively with the local

residents to inform them about fire safety measures and respond to their

concerns or queries.

3. Strict enforcement of fire safety regulations – BFP should ensure

that all buildings and establishments comply with the Fire Code of the

Philippines and take necessary actions against violators.

4. Availability of modern equipment and technology – BFP should

have access to modern firefighting equipment and technology to enhance

their capabilities in responding to various emergencies.

 6. Continuous training and development – BFP personnel should

undergo regular training and development programs to improve their skills

and knowledge in firefighting and disaster response.

7. Collaborative efforts with other agencies and organizations – BFP

should work closely with other government agencies, non-government

organizations, and other stakeholders to address fire safety issues and

promote disaster resilience in the community.

8. Accountability and transparency – BFP should be accountable for

their actions and decisions, and transparent in their dealings with the public,

especially in terms of budget and resource allocation.

 CHAPTER 2

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

The themes presented in this chapter arose as a result of the

phenomenological approach to the data collected. Furthermore, this includes

data analysis using Collaizzi's method.

Presentation of Data

This study uses a qualitative method and thematic analysis to identify,

analyze, and report patterns (themes) within the data. To analyze the

collected data, six phases of thematic analysis were used (Braun & Clarke,

2006).

The researcher was able to extract (insert the number of significant

statement formulated) significant statements from the informants' responses

and formulated the same number of key interpretations. Some of the

informants answered in a combination of English and local dialect to allow

them to express their part freely.

Additionally, the formulated core meanings were grouped and

clustered based on the similarity and thought of their statements. The

formulated core meanings that appeared to be grouped together and

reflecting unique structures were organized into (insert total number of

themes) clustered themes, which were then re-grouped to produce (insert

number) of emergent themes.

The emergent themes are as follows: (Note: align with the statement

of the problem).

I. Experiences of Persons Deprive of Liberty Inside Correctional

Institution

a. Positive Experiences

1. Ex. The Calling

2. Emergent Theme Name

3. Emergent Theme Name

4. Emergent Theme Name

b. Negative Experiences
 1. Emergent Theme Name

2. Emergent Theme Name

3. Emergent Theme Name

4. Emergent Theme Name

II. Informants Respond to the Challenges Encountered Inside

Correctional Institution

1. Emergent Theme Name

2. Emergent Theme Name

3. Emergent Theme Name

4. Emergent Theme Name

III. Aspirations of the Participants for Quality Service

1. Emergent Theme Name

2. Emergent Theme Name

3. Emergent Theme Name

Unfolding life stories of the participants as ___________shown below

the presentations and elucidations of emergent themes.

 I. Experiences of Persons Deprive of Liberty Inside

Correctional Institution

Unfolding the lived experiences of __________________________

based on the interview was a realization for me that being in that position

requires great dedication and sacrifice to _________________. I have

generated eight (8) emergent themes which focuses on both positive and

negative experience of the informants. The following themes are: (Note:

Select significant statement and formulated core meaning in APPENDIX F1-

SAMPLE FORMULATION OF CORE MEANING

Example:

a. Positive Experiences

1.The Calling. The first theme reflects the nature of the informant's

work, which she is very interested in, particularly when it involves helping

others. It emphasizes the significance of life as a woman and a person

through service to others. Participant 1 said that: (THIS A FORMULATED

CORE MEANING)

Significant Statement in Waray/Filipino - Italic

(Code in bold). Translation in English in normal text
 A true public servant does not look at helping other individual

as only a part of their job but as a way to help and contribute to the lives of

other women who are victims of domestic abuse and helping in making their

lives better. Informant 10 of the focus grouped stated that:

Ngayan nga aada na ak nakonsiderar ha

pagresolba han mga isyu mahitungod han domestic nga
kapintasan, kinahanglan ko mag-assume han personalidad
hin usa nga nanay ngan sangkay. Nanay ha pagpasabot
nga panahon-panahon kinahanglan naton pahinumduman
ini nga mga biktima han ira mga katungod bilang babaye
ngan bilang tawo nga angay respetuhon ngan higugmaon.
Bilang magturutdo, kinahanglan ko igtutdo ha ira an mga
butang nga akon gintuohan nga makakabulig liwat ha ira
ha tiarabot nga mga pagsulay bilang babaye. Ngan
kinahanglan ako magin usa nga sangkay nga pirme andam
pamati han ira mga sentimento ngan pasiguraduhon nga
nababatian an ira mga tingog ha sosyedad (FGD10:SS6).
Now as I am concerned when I resolve issues in domestic
violence. I have to assume the personality of a mother and a
friend. Mother in the sense that from time to time we have
to remind these victims their rights as a woman and as a
human being that need to be respected and loved. As a
teacher, I have to teach them what I believe is also
beneficial to them in their future endeavors as women. And
I have to be a friend that is always ready to listen to their
sentiments and ensuring their voices are heard in the
society.

Being touched by the kind gestures shown by the previous

clients in return for helping them out of their misfortune means a lot and

makes me strive more. Informant 3 proudly stated that:

Ha akon, an pagiging pulis may-ada mas damo nga

bentaha kay han bisan ano nga posisyon ha law
 enforcement tungod kay an kalidad han amon trabaho
importante ha paggiyahan han husto nga dalan para han
mga biktima ngan mga nakatalwas. Nakakabulig gihapon
ini ha pag-engganyo han mga kag-anak nga bag-uhon an
sitwasyon han pamilya ngan pagtrabaho direkta upod an
mga kabataan para mapakusog an relasyon han nanay
ngan bata, nga mahimo maapektaran negatibo tungod
han domestic nga abuso, labi na kon an biktima magbulag
tikang ha mabangis nga partner. (I3:SS1). Basically, for
me, being a police officer has more advantages than any
position at the law enforcement Because the quality of
work we have is essential for leading the right path for our
victims and survivor. It also helps to motivate the parents
to change the family's situation and to work directly with
the children to strengthen the mother-child relationship,
which can be negatively impacted by domestic abuse
especially if the victim separates from a violent partner.

In recognizing that we live in a hope-challenged society and that,

as GAD focal persons, they must be hope providers, informant 5 of the

focused group said:

Bisan pa han mga hagit, waray gud ako kawad-i

hin paglaom nga an akon mga kliyente ngan ira pamilya
malalampuwasan an magturum-on nga mga adlaw ha ira
kinabuhi; pirme ako andam ngan magpapadayon ha
pagbulig ha ira (FGD5:SS7).Despite the challenges, I
never lost hope that my clients and their families would
survive the dark days of their lives; I am always willing
and will continue to help them

b. Negative Experiences

1. Burnout. This theme delves on the negative experiences of

the informants Because of some negative factors surrounding the situation of

domestic violence, the informant experienced emotional stress while

performing her job. Informant 1 sadly stated that:

Usa ha pinakamakuri nga mga butang ha pagtrabaho

bilang pulis amo an mga butang sugad han emosyonal nga
stress nga nadadara ha pagkita han grabe nga kawaray-
hustisya ngan abuso, an hagit ha pagtrabaho upod an mga
vulnerable ngan marginalized nga mga kliyente, an stress
ngan pisikal nga mga samad nga kasagaran nga kaupod
han trabaho, ngan an kakulang han kapasidad nga
masolbar an ngatanan nga problema o maluwas an
ngatanan nga kliyente (I1:SS4).Among the hardest things
about working as a police officer are factors like the
emotional stress that comes with seeing the extremes of
injustice and abuse, the challenge of working with
vulnerable and marginalized client populations, the stress
and physical injuries that often accompany the job and the
inability to fix every problem or save every client.

NOTE: EACH EMERGENT THEME MUST CONSIST OF 3-4

FORMULATED CORE MEANING AND PARTICIPANT
SIGNIFICANT STATEMENTS. CONTINUE WITH SAME FORMAT
UP TO THE LAST NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE’S THEME AND
REPEAT THE SAME FORMAT WITH OTHER THEMES)

II. Participants Respond to the Challenges Encountered Inside

Correctional Institution

Listed below are the (insert number of themes) themes that depict the

strategies implemented by the participants to respond to challenges

encountered inside correctional institution.

1. Emergent Theme. ______________________________________

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_____________________________ ( ).

III. Aspirations of the Participants for Quality Service

1. Emergent Theme. ______________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_____________________________ ( ).

Analysis of Data

The researcher used Collaizzi's phenomenological tradition method to

identify significant emergent themes from cluster re-grouping using

formulated meanings. Themes were simplified categorically in narrating the

(Thesis title).

This study is anchored on three (3) theories namely:

__________________ by __________ (year), ______________by

___________ (year ), and ____________ by Bandura (year).

 Further discuss each theory in relation to the research study. Each theory must
consist of two paragraphs. Do not copy what is written in the theoretical background,
provide another explanation.

I. Lived Experiences of GAD in Handling Domestic Violence

Cases

The following themes were formulated unfolding the lived

experiences of the informants:

Note: Must consist of 3 paragraphs. (1) Explain the concept of thematic theme in
relation to research study (2) Choose what theory is applicable in the thematic theme
and explain in relation to research study, and (3) conclusion of the theory in relation to
the thematic theme.

Example:

a. Positive Experiences

1. Every Cloud has a Silver Lining. This theme embodies that as

a GAD focal person, every difficult or sad situation has a comforting or

more hopeful and pleasant side, even if this is not immediately apparent.

This theme reflects on motivational theory that a state of mind filled

with energy and enthusiasm and drives a person to work in a specific manner

in order to achieve desired results. Motivation is a driving force that drives

people to work hard and stay focused even when things are going against

them and motivation results in a specific type of human behavior (Sand,

2000).
 Being in social works needs hard work to provide an effective service

to domestic violence victims and survivors. This gives them the opportunity

to make a positive difference in someone's life, and being able to recover

from a difficult situation ensures the best possible outcomes for their clients

(Boehm & Staples, 2002).

Motivational theory reflects the functions of GAD focal persons and

entails guiding people toward a sense of control through intervention

methods. People may feel helpless for a variety of reasons, but motivational

theory focuses on how oppression contributes to this feeling. It focuses on

giving marginalized people the personal, interpersonal, and political power

they need to improve their lives on an individual, group, and community

level. Furthermore, the model aims to challenge systems that prevent or

make it difficult for people to meet their basic needs (Lewis, 2001).

II. Participants Respond to the Challenges Encountered Inside

Correctional Institution

Note: The content must consist of three paragraphs. (1) Explain the concept of a
thematic theme in the context of a research study, (2) Identify an applicable theory
related to the emergent theme and discuss its relevance to the research study, and (3)
Provide a conclusion on how the selected theory relates to the emergent theme in the
research context.

III. Aspirations of the Participants for Quality Service

 Note: The content must consist of three paragraphs. (1) Explain the
concept of "emergence" in the context of a research study, (2) Select an applicable
theory related to emergence and discuss its relevance to the research study, and (3)
Provide a conclusion on how the selected theory relates to the concept of emergence in
the research context.

CHAPTER 3

SUMMARY, FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, findings and the implications

about the phenomenon under study.

Summary

This study aimed explored the (thesis title)

Specifically, answers to the following questions:

 1.______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________?

2. ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________?

3. ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________?

This study used a phenomenological approach and a qualitative

research methodology. When exploring the participants'

________________, researcger used an interview guide with an open-ended

question for both individual and focused group discussions (FGD).

Furthermore, the study is conducted in selected barangays in Catbalogan

city, namely:

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________.

The ______________were the participants of the study. They were

each given a separate interview.

 Findings

The (total number) emergent themes were crafted after thoroughly

gathering the data from the informants. These themes formulated were as

follows: Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme, Emergent

Theme, Emergent Theme.

I generated (total number) themes for the experiences of the

participants as (ex. Police officer) two (2) for positive experience and five

(4) for the negative experiences namely: Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme,

Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme.

As to the challenges encountered in the performance of duties. I

crafted ( number )themes namely: Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme,

Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme.

On the aspirations of the informants for quality service I was able to

craft (number) theme namely: Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme, Emergent

Theme, Emergent Theme, Emergent Theme.

Implications
 The researcher has been able to come up with valuable ideas and

guidelines for action through this review and considers it relevant for

existing service strategies and future studies to be carried out.

Implications for Practice

In the light of the findings, the following recommendations were

provided:

Discuss how the findings of this study contribute to the benefit of each identified

beneficiary as outlined in the significance of the study.

Implications for Future Studies

The following topics for future studies are recommended:

Provide at least three topics for future studies in relation to this research study and
explain.( 1 paragraph for each studies).
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Example:

Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting.

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 APPENDIX A

TRANSMITTAL LETTER
 APPENDIX B

SAMPLE CONSENT FORM

 APPENDIX C

INTERVIEW GUIDE & VALIDATION OF INTERVIEW GUIDE

 APPENDIX D

SAMPLE VERIFICATION FORMS OF TRANSCRIPTION FOR

INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW

Participant :

Session Number :

Date :

Time Started :

Time Ended :

Duration :

Location :

Interviewed by :

Recorded by :

Transcribed by :

Reviewed by :

List of Acronyms :

Significan Main Subquestion

t Responses Questio Number
Statement n
Number Number
 APPENDIX D

SAMPLE VERIFICATION FORMS OF TRANSCRIPTION FOR

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Participants :

Session Number :

Date :

Time Started :

Time Ended :

Duration :

Location :

Interviewed by :

Recorded by :

Transcribed by :

Reviewed by :

List of Acronyms :

Significan Main Sub

t Responses Question question
Statement Number Number
Number
 APPENDIX E

LOCATION MAP
 APPENDIX F

SAMPLE CODED SIGNIFICANT STATEMENTS

Significant SIGNIFICANT STATEMENTS Informant Main Sub
Statement Number Question question
Number Number Number
1 Being a GAD focal person is more than 1 I 1
a job. It’s a calling an individual has to
help others, often in the face of difficult
and stressful situations. Although we
love what they do and the difference
they are able to make, the reality is that
this occupation is incredibly challenging
in many ways. I1:SS1
2 It boosts my self-esteem and sense of 1 I 1
worth as an individual and as a human
being because we provide opportunities
for assessment and intervention to assist
clients and communities in dealing
effectively with their reality and
changing it when necessary. I1: SS2

Note: Select the best statements of your participants and these are the statements that will
be covered in your chapter 2

APPENDIX – F1

SAMPLE FORMULATION OF CORE MEANINGS

SIGNIFICANT STATEMENTS FORMULATED MEANINGS

Being a GAD focal person is more than a FM1: The informant regarded the job as a
job. It’s a calling an individual has to help high form of service known as a calling,
others, often in the face of difficult and in which, despite difficulties, the best
stressful situations. Although we love interests of the client are of primordial
what they do and the difference they are importance.
able to make, the reality is that this
occupation is incredibly challenging in
many ways. I1:SS1
It boosts my self-esteem and sense of FM2: Skills improvement on preferred
worth as an individual and as a human selections for long term goals.
being because we provide opportunities
for assessment and intervention to assist
clients and communities in dealing
effectively with their reality and changing
it when necessary. I1: SS2
One of the most frustrating aspects of FM3: One thing that always proves
working in social work isn't just the stress, difficult is how to separate the work from
challenges, and risk of burnout that GAD the personal life.
focal person face. It is the fact that,
regardless of how good a focal person is
at his or her job or how dedicated that
focal person is to making a difference, no
single GAD focal person can help
everyone. There isn't enough time in the
day, and there aren't enough resources.
I1:SS3

APPENDIX – F2

DEVELOPMENT OF CLUSTER THEMES

FORMULATED MEANINGS CLUSTERED THEME

 NAME

APPENDIX G

DIAGRAM OF THEMES
 THESIS TITLE

SOP 1
SOP 2 S0P 3

What are the positive and Negative

experiences of gender and development

EMERGENT THEMES EMERGENT THEMES
EMERGENT THEMES focal person in handling domestic

violence cases?

Note: Researchers can make their own design of thematic diagram

CURRICULUM VITAE

2x2 ID PICTURE

TYPE A UNIFORM

WHITE BACKGROUND
PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name :

City Address :

Date of Birth :

Place of Birth :

EDUCATIONAL DATA:

College :

Secondary :

Elementary :

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED: