Outline
1.Definition
2.Half wave Rectification
3.Operation of rectifier
4.Average of D.c. load current
5.Average of D.c. load voltage
6.R.M.S value of load current
7.Rectifier Efficiency
8.Ripple Factor
Half wave Rectifier
Half Wave Rectifier Circuit
Half wave Rectifier
➢A rectifier is a circuit which converts the Alternating Current (AC)
input power into a Direct Current (DC) output power.
➢The input power supply may be either a single-phase or a multi-phase
supply with the simplest of all the rectifier circuits being that of the Half
Wave Rectifier.
➢The power diode in a half wave rectifier circuit passes just one half of
each complete sine wave of the AC supply in order to convert it into a
DC supply.
➢Then this type of circuit is called a "half-wave" rectifier because it
passes only half of the incoming AC power supply as shown.
Half Wave Rectifier Circuit
Half wave Rectifier
e output DC voltage of a half wave rectifier can be calculated with the following two ideal equations: 1
Half wave Rectifier
➢In half wave rectification, either the positive or negative half of the AC
wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Because only one half of
the input waveform reaches the output, it is very inefficient if used for
power transfer. Half-wave rectification can be achieved with a single diode
in a one-phase supply, or with three diodes in a three-phase supply.
Half wave Rectifier
Average or DC value
1 2
I DC = I L d(t )
2 0
1 2 I
=
m sin t d(t )
2π 0
=
Im
2π
[− cos t ] 0
Im
= − cos[ ] − cos[0]
2π
=
- Im
− 1 − 1
2π
I
= m
π
Im
I DC = = avergage value
π
applying KVL we can write,
Esm
Im =
R f + RL + Rs
RL
Average or DC value
Edc = I dc Rl
Im E sm
E DC = Rl = Rl
(R f + R l + R s )
Rl
Esm
EDC =
R f + Rs
[ + 1]
Rl
Esm
EDC
RMS value
The R.M.S value means squiring finding mean & then finding squre root.
Hence R.M.S value of load current can be obtain as:
1
I rms = I d(t)
2
2 0 L
=
1
2
0
I 2m sin 2t d(t)
= I m
1
2
0
(
1- cos (2t)
2
)d(t)
1 sin 2t
= Im −
2 2 4
0
1
= Im [sin(2 ) = sin(0) = 0]
2 2
Im
=
2
Im
I rms =
2
Efficiency
➢Rectifier efficiency is defined as the =
PDCoutput
PACinput
ratio of DC power to the applied input
AC power.
I 2m
➢Rectifier efficiency, η = DC output 2
RL
=
power/input AC power I 2m
( R f + Rs + RL )
4
( 4 / 2 ) RL
=
( R f + Rs + RL )
0.406
=
R f + Rs
1+
RL
% max = 0.406 100
= 40.6%
Ripple factor
➢The output of half wave rectifier is not pure d.c but a pulsating
d.c.The output contain pulseting component called Ripples.
➢Mathematically ripple factor is defied as the ratio of R.M.S. value of
the a.c.component to the average or d.c. component.
Ripple factor
I AC
=
I DC
I 2
−I 2
= m DC
I DC
2
I rms
=
I
−1
DC
Now for half wave circuit
2
Im
2
= −1
Im
2
= −1
4
= 1.4674
= 1.211
Students Learning Outcomes
➢Students will be
➢Familiar with Half wave rectifier
References
T1. Boylestad & Nashelsky, “Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory”,
PHI.
T2. Thomas L. Floyd, “Electronic Devices” Prentice Hall.
T3. Malvino, L., “Electronic principles”, Tata McGraw Hill.
T4. Graham Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, PHI.
T5. Sedra and Smith, “Microelectronics circuits”, Oxford University
Press.
