Derin EKERMEN

Merve SVAIS

UPPER and LOWER

EXTREMITY
PROTHESIS
 L E O F 1. SYME
B
TA ENTS
CO N T
PROTHESIS
2. BODY POWERED
HOOK
PROTHESIS
 WHAT IS SYME’S
AMPUTATION?
It is an amputation done through the ankle
joint. The foot is removed but the heel pad is
saved so the patient can put weight on the leg
without a prosthesis (artificial limb). The goals
of a Syme amputation are to remove diseased

SYME’S tissue or a non-usable foot and create a

functional, painless limb.

PROTHESIS
 The development of Syme's prosthesis has evolved
Syme’s Amputation significantly over the years to enhance comfort,
functionality, and aesthetics for the user. Modern
Syme's prostheses are custom-fabricated to fit the
unique anatomy of each patient and often
incorporate advanced materials and technologies.
These prostheses typically consist of a socket, a
pylon (the structural component), and a foot
component, all designed to mimic the biomechanics
of a natural foot and ankle.
 Ankle Joint
Load Distribution Functionality
The prosthesis is designed to evenly distribute Some advanced Syme's prostheses incorporate a
body weight across the preserved heel pad and flexible or articulated ankle joint, allowing for
the socket, minimizing pressure points and dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. This aids in
enhancing comfort. smoother transitions during walking and better

Biomechanical
adaptation to uneven surfaces.

Weight-Bearing Energy Storage

Features
Capability and Return
The retention of the heel pad allows for direct Modern prosthetic feet often have energy-
weight-bearing, helping maintain a natural gait storing capabilities, using materials like carbon
and reducing the energy expenditure during fiber to absorb impact during heel strike and
walking. release energy during toe-off, enhancing walking
efficiency and reducing fatigue.

Durability and
Socket Design Lightweight
Construction
The custom-fitted socket ensures a secure Constructed with high-strength, lightweight
attachment to the residual limb, providing a snug materials such as carbon fiber, titanium, and
fit that reduces movement within the socket and advanced polymers, these prostheses provide
prevents skin irritation and breakdown. durability without excessive weight, essential for
ease of use and comfort.
 The design aims to restore both function and
appearance, allowing the user to walk, stand, and
DESIGN AND
engage in daily activities with improved comfort
and stability.
COMPONENTS
The Syme prosthesis stands out for its emphasis on aesthetics, lightweight
construction, and enhanced durability achieved through a single cast design.
1. Socket
2. Heel Pad Integration: Preserved heel pad that serves as a weight-bearing
surface for a natural gait.
3. Pylon (Shank): Structural support connecting the socket to the foot, often
made of lightweight materials like titanium.
4. Ankle Joint (Optional): Allows for movement, smoother transitions, and
adaptation to uneven surfaces.
5. Foot Component: Provides stability and can have features like energy storage
for efficient walking.
6. Cosmetic Covering (Optional)
 Syme's prosthesis significantly improves mobility for
individuals with lower limb amputations, allowing
them to walk, stand, and engage in various activities
with greater ease.

CLINICAL
By restoring functional gait patterns and natural
movement mechanics, the prosthesis enables users to
navigate different terrains and environments
confidently.

By minimizing excessive stress on the

residual limb and adjacent joints, the
Enhanced
Mobility and
Functionality
BENEFITS With improved mobility and functionality,
individuals can resume daily tasks, pursue
vocational interests, and participate in recreational
prosthesis reduces the likelihood of long- activities, leading to a more fulfilling and active
term orthopedic issues and improves lifestyle.
overall comfort.

Reduced Risk Enhanced

of Quality of
The customizable nature of the
device facilitates a seamless Complications Life Syme's prosthesis offers a durable and
integration with the user's body, sustainable solution for lower limb
promoting faster adaptation and amputees, requiring minimal maintenance
acceptance of the prosthetic and replacement over time.
limb.

Improved Long-Term
Prosthetic Sustainability
Control and and Cost-
Adaptation Effectiveness
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Ideal Candidates:
Below-Knee Amputees with Good Soft Tissue Coverage: Those with adequate soft tissue
for proper socket fit.
Active Individuals: Seeking improved mobility and agility in daily activities.
Patients with Ankle/Foot Pathologies: Especially those with arthritis or deformities.
Not Ideal for:
Above-Knee Amputees: Designed specifically for below-knee amputations.
Patients with Poor Soft Tissue Coverage: Difficulty achieving proper fit and comfort.
Severe Peripheral Vascular Disease Patients: Risk of complications due to poor blood flow.
 INTRODUCTION
Hooks are one of the most common terminal
devices for body-powered prostheses. They can
handle a wide range of tasks, from gripping a
steering wheel to carrying a heavy bag of sand
or concrete mix. There’s a reason the shape of
most hooks hasn’t changed in almost a century
— it just works! The tines or “fingers” of the

BODY POWERED hook are slender and curved to make it easy for
the user to see the tips. The tips close in a

HOOK PROTHESIS precise pinch that is consistent and repeatable.

HOW DOES IT WORKS?
Body-powered prostheses
that are terminal devices (as
opposed to partial hand
options are operated
typically by a harness and
cable. Movements of the
upper arm, shoulder and
chest are captured by the
harness and transferred to
the cable system and used to
open and close the hook or
hand, similar to how a bicycle
handbrake system works.
 N AN D
DESIG
DESIGN

TS
Body-powered hooks can be made of 3D printed plastic, aluminum, steel, or titanium and

CO MP ON EN can be rubber lined for better gripping.

There are two types of hooks; voluntary opening and voluntary closing. The grip force of a
voluntary opening hook is determined by rubber band tension around the hook which holds
the hook closed. Voluntary closing pinch force is controlled by how much force the user
pulls on the cable.

COMPONENTS
A custom-fit socket
A terminal device such as a hook or hand
A wrist unit
A harness and cable system
Above elbow prostheses will include an elbow unit
Shoulder disarticulation prostheses will include an elbow and a shoulder
 Very reliable,
especially during
periods of long Simply designed,
use, because they durable, and less
do not rely on an
expensive than
electrical power
source electric
prostheses

PROS
A shorter training Can be used by people with
period is required different levels of limb loss—
compared to above elbow (transhumeral)
other prosthetic and below elbow
options (transradial), and by people
with neurological
impairments or
neurodegenerative disorders
 Require some
physical ability to
Designed to work well operate properly,
rather than look so may not be a
realistic (e.g., wires good choice for
and cables show). people with
Given this, body- bilateral hand or
powered prostheses upper limb loss,
may look more like a
or limited
tool than a limb
strength and

CONS
flexibility

Described as hot
or uncomfortable
by some, and can
sometimes cause
tears and snags in
clothing.
Case Study: Body-Powered Prosthesis
Patient: John, 35-year-old male, right transradial amputee
Background:
John lost his right arm below the elbow in a work-related accident.
He leads an active lifestyle, working as a carpenter and enjoying outdoor activities.
Prosthesis: Body-Powered Hook Prosthesis
Assessment & Outcomes:
1. Functionality:
Tasks: Grasping, lifting, manipulating tools.
Success Rate: 85% for daily activities.
2. Strength & Endurance:
Initial Residual Limb Strength: 7/10
Post-Prosthesis Strength: 8.5/10
Fatigue Reduction: 20%
Case Study: Body-Powered Prosthesis
Cost:
Prosthesis Cost: $3,000
Maintenance Cost (annual): $150
Comfort:
Initial Discomfort Level: 6/10
Post-Adjustment Discomfort Level: 3/10
Patient Satisfaction:
Satisfaction Score: 8/10
Primary Concerns: Aesthetic appearance, harness comfort.
Summary:
John adapted well to the body-powered hook prosthesis, achieving high functionality and satisfaction in
daily activities. The prosthesis was cost-effective and improved his work efficiency, though he
experienced some initial discomfort with the harness, which improved after adjustments.
THANK
YOU!