Comparing Quantities
NOTES
EX 7.1
Q1. Convert the given fractional numbers to per cents:
Solution:
Q 2.Convert the given decimal fractions to per
cents:
(a) 0.65 = 0.65×100100 = 0.65 × 100% = 65%
(b) 2.1 = 2.1×100100 = 2.1 ×100% = 210%
(c) 0.02 = 0.02×100100 = 0.02 × 100% = 2%
(d) 12.35 = 12.35×100100 = 12.35 × 100% = 1235%
Q 4.Find:
(a) 15% of 250 = 15100×250=752=37.5
(b) 1% of 1 hour = 1% of 60 minutes [∵ 1 h = 60 min.]
Q5. Find the whole quantity if
(a) 5% of it is 600 (b) 12% of it is? 1080
(c) 40% of it is 500 km (d) 70% of it is 14 minutes (e) 8% of it is 40 litres
Solution:
Let the required whole quantity be x.
(a) 5% of x = 600
(b) 12% of x = ₹ 1080
(c) 40% of x = 500 km
(d) 70% of x = 14 minutes
(e) 8% of x = 40 litre
Q6.Convert given per cents to decimal fractions and also to fractions in simplest forms:
Q 7.In a city, 30% are females, 40% are males and remaining are children. What per cent are
children?
Percentage of females =30%
Percentage of females =40%
∴ Percentage of children = 100 - ( 40 + 30) = (100 – 70)% = 30%
Q8.Out of 15,000 voters in a constituency, 60% voted. Find the Percentage of voters who did
not vote. Can you now find how many actually did not vote?
Total number of voters = 15,000
Percentage of the voters who voted = 60%
∴ Percentage of the voters who did not vote == (100 – 60)% = 40%
The number of voters who did not vote = 40% of 15,000
40
= ×15,000=6,000
100
Q9.Meena saves ₹ 400 from her salary. If this is 10% of her salary. What is her salary?
Let Meena’s salary by ₹ x.
∴ 10% of x = ₹ 400
Thus, her salary is ₹ 4000.
Q10.A local cricket team played 20 matches in one season. It won 25% of them. How many
matches did they win?
Number of matches played by the cricket team = 20
Percentage of the matches won = 25%
25
Therefore, the number of matches won = 100 ×20 =5 matches
NOTES
Ex 7.2
Q 1.Tell what is the profit or loss in the following transactions. Also find profit per cent or loss
per cent in each case.
(a) Gardening shears bought for ₹ 250 and sold for ₹ 325.
(b) A refrigerator bought for ₹ 12,000 and sold at ₹ 13,500.
(c) A cupboard bought for ₹ 2,500 and sold at ₹ 3,000.
(d) A skirt bought for ₹ 250 and sold at ₹ 150.
Solution:
(a) CP = ₹ 250, SP = ₹ 325, Since SP > CP
∴ Profit = SP – CP = ₹ 325 – ₹ 250 = ₹ 75
b) CP = ₹ 12,000, SP = ₹ 13,500, Since SP > CP
∴ Profit = SP – CP = ₹ 13,500 – ₹ 12,000 = ₹ 1,500
(c) CP = ₹ 2500, SP = ₹ 3000, Since SP > CP
∴ Profit = SP – CP = ₹ 3000 – ₹ 2500 = ₹ 500
(d) CP = ₹ 250 , SP = ₹ 150 ,Here CP > SP
∴ Loss = CP – SP = ₹ 250 – ₹ 150 = ₹ 100
Q 2.Convert each part of the ratio to Percentage:
(a) 3:1 (b) 2:3:5 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 1:2:5
(a) 3 : 1
Sum of the ratio parts = 3 + 1 = 4
(b) 2 : 3 : 5
Sum of the ratio parts = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10
(c) 1 : 4
Sum of the ratio parts =1 + 4 = 5
(d) 1 : 2 : 5
Sum of the ratio parts = 1 + 2 + 5 = 8
Q 3.The population of a city decreased from 25,000 to 24,500. Find the Percentage decrease.
Solution: Initial population = 25,000
Decreased population = 24,500
Decrease in population = 25,000 – 24,500 = 500
Percentage of decrease = 500×10025000 = 2%
Q4.Arun bought a car for ₹ 3,50,000. The next year, the price went upto ₹ 3,70,000. What was
the Percentage of price increase?
Solution: Original price of the car = ₹ 3,50,000 ,
Price increased next year = ₹ 3,70,000
Increase in price = ₹ 3,70,000 – ₹ 3,50,000 = ₹ 20,000
∴ Percentage of the increase in the price
Q 5.I buy a TV for ₹ 10,000 and sell it at a profit of 20%.
How much money do I get for it?
Solution: CP = ₹ 10,000, Profit = 20% , SP = ?
Hence, the required money got by me = ₹ 12,000.
Q 6.Juhi sells a washing machine for ₹ 13,500. She loses
20% in the bargain. What was the price at which she
bought it?
Solution: SP of the washing machine = ₹ 13,500, Loss
= 20% , CP = ?
Hence, the cost price of the machine = ₹ 16875.
Q 7.(i) Chalk contains calcium, carbon and oxygen in the ratio 10 : 3 : 12. Find the Percentage
of carbon in chalk.
(ii) If in a stick of chalk, carbon is 3 g, what is the weight of the chalk stick?
Solution:
(i) Sum of the ratio parts = 10 + 3 + 12 = 25
∴ Percentage of carbon in chalk =325×100% = 12%
(ii) Weight of carbon = 3 g
∴ Weight of chalk = =33 × 25 g = 25 g
Q 8.Amina buys a book for ₹ 275 and sells it at a loss of 15%. How much does she sell it for?
Solution:
CP of book = ₹ 275, Loss = 15%
Hence, the required selling price = ₹ 233.75
Q 9.Find the amount to be paid at the end of 3 years in each case.
(a) Principal = ₹ 1200 at 12% p.a. (b) Principal = ₹ 7500 at 5% p.a.
Solution:
(a) Given: Principal = ₹ 1200, Rate of interest = 12% p.a., T = 3 years
P×R×T 1200× 12× 3
∴ Interest = = = ₹ 432
100 100
Amount = Principal + Interest
= ₹ 1200 + ₹ 432 = ₹ 1632
Hence, the required amount = ₹ 1632
(b) Given: Principal = ₹ 7500, Rate = 5% p.a., Time = 3 years
P×R×T 7500× 5 ×3
∴ Interest = = = ₹1125 Amount = Principal + Interest
100 100
= ₹ 7500 + 11125 = ₹ 8625
Hence, the required amount = ₹ 8625.
Q10.What rate gives ₹ 280 as interest on a sum of ₹ 56,000 in 2 years?
Solution: Principal = ₹ 56,000, Interest = ₹280, Time = 2 years
Rate = ?
Hence, the required rate = 0.25%
Q11.If Meena gives an interest of ₹ 45 for one year at 9% rate p.a. What is the sum she has
borrowed?
Solution: Interest = ₹ 45, Time = 1 year, Rate = 9% p.a.
Hence, the required sum = ₹ 500.
