Chapter 6 Basic Statistics

FORMULAE
Exercise # 6.2 & 6.3
For Ungrouped Data For Grouped Data
(Arithmetic Mean)
Direct Method
∑𝑋 Sum of all observations ∑ 𝑓𝑋
𝑋= = 𝑋=
𝑛 Number of observations ∑𝑓
Indirect Method (Shortcut/ Deviation Method)
∑𝐷 ∑ 𝑓𝐷
𝑋=𝐴+ ; (𝐷 = 𝑥 − 𝐴) 𝑋=𝐴+
𝑛 ∑𝑓
Indirect Method (Coding Method)
∑𝑢 𝑥−𝐴 ∑ 𝑓𝑢
𝑋=𝐴+ × ℎ; (𝑢 = ) 𝑋= ×ℎ
𝑛 ℎ ∑𝑓
ℎ = class interval size
(Median)
𝑛+1 𝑡ℎ Discrete:
𝑋̃ = ( ) term 𝑛 𝑡ℎ
2 ̃
𝑋 = the class containing ( ) observation
when 𝑛 is odd 2

Continuous:
ℎ 𝑛
1 𝑛 𝑡ℎ 𝑛 + 2 𝑡ℎ 𝑋̃ = 𝑙 + { − 𝑐}
𝑋̃ = {( ) term + ( ) term} 𝑓 2
2 2 2 𝑙 = lower class boundary of median class
when 𝑛 is even ℎ = class interval size of median class
𝑓 = frequency of median class
𝑐 = cumulative frequency of the class
preceding median class
(Mode)
𝑓𝑚 − 𝑓1
𝑋̂ = 𝑙 + ×ℎ
2𝑓𝑚 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2
𝑙 = lower class boundary of the modal class
or group
̂
𝑋 = the most frequent observation ℎ = class interval size of modal class
𝑓𝑚 = frequency of modal class
𝑓1 = frequency of the class preceding the
modal class
𝑓2 = frequency of the class succeeding the
modal class
(Geometric Mean)
1⁄𝑛
𝐺. 𝑀 = (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … … 𝑥𝑛 )
By Definition method
∑ 𝑓 log 𝑋
∑ log 𝑋 𝐺. 𝑀 = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖 log ( )
𝐺. 𝑀 = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖 log ( ) ∑𝑓
𝑛
By logarithm method

Chapter 6 MATHEMATICS Page 1

(Harmonic Mean)
𝑛 ∑𝑓
𝐻. 𝑀 = 𝐻. 𝑀 =
1 𝑓
∑ ∑
𝑋 𝑋
∑ 𝑤𝑥
Weighted Arithmetic Mean 𝑋𝑤 =
∑𝑤
(Range)
Range = 𝑋max − 𝑋min
𝑋max = the maximum, highest or the Range = (Upper class boundary of the last
largest observation group − lower class boundary of first group)
𝑋min = the minimum, lowest or the
smallest observation
(Variance)
2 2
2
∑(𝑋 − 𝑋) 2
∑ 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑋)
𝑆 = 𝑆 =
𝑛 ∑𝑓
Proper mean formula (by definition) Proper mean formula (by definition)
2 2
2
∑ 𝑋2 ∑𝑋 2
∑ 𝑓𝑋 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑋
𝑆 = −( ) 𝑆 = −( )
𝑛 𝑛 ∑𝑓 ∑𝑓
Direct formula Direct formula
(Standard Deviation)
2 2
∑(𝑋 − 𝑋) ∑ 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑋)
𝑆=√ 𝑆=√
𝑛 ∑𝑓
Proper mean formula (by definition) Proper mean formula (by definition)
2 2
∑ 𝑋2 ∑𝑋 ∑ 𝑓𝑋 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑋
𝑆 = √[ −( ) ] 𝑆 = √[ −( ) ]
𝑛 𝑛 ∑𝑓 ∑𝑓
Direct formula Direct formula

Chapter 6 MATHEMATICS Page 1