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GENERAL ENGLISH · GRAMMAR PRACTICE · INTERMEDIATE (B1-B2)

MODAL VERBS 2 -
OBLIGATION,
NECESSITY,
PROHIBITION, ADVICE

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1 Modal verbs for necessity and advice

We use the modal verbs must, have to, need to and should to say that something is necessary or to
give advice. The table below summarises the main uses of the positive and negative forms.

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INTERMEDIATE (B1-B2)

MODAL VERBS 2 - OBLIGATION, NECESSITY, PROHIBITION, ADVICE

Dialogue

A: It’s getting late. I must go home now.

B: Really? But you don’t have to work tomorrow.

A: Yes, I know. But I should get some sleep. My doctor says I need to relax more.

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MODAL VERBS 2 - OBLIGATION, NECESSITY, PROHIBITION, ADVICE

2 Practice 1: "must" or "have to"

Claire is an architect. She has just started her new job. Complete the sentences below using must or
have to in the correct form, positive or negative.

1. She has to work eight hours every day.

2. She smoke at work. The building is a non-smoking area.

3. She wear very formal clothes. The office has a relaxed dress code.

4. She wear a hard hat when visiting a building site, according to safety regulations.

5. She meet clients every day. Her work involves a lot of meetings.

6. She work hard if she wants a promotion. Her boss is very demanding.

7. She get up early every day. She can work flexible hours.

8. She park her car near the building entrance. That space is reserved for the director.

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MODAL VERBS 2 - OBLIGATION, NECESSITY, PROHIBITION, ADVICE

3 Practice 2: "should" or "shouldn’t"

Give your friend advice using should or shouldn’t and one of the phrases below.

be so careless eat so much cake go to bed earlier have an eye test

quit your job take up a new hobby try to relax more use your phone all
day

1. "I am always tired during the day."

2. "I need to lose weight."

3. "I’m very stressed these days."

4. "I feel bored."

5. "My purse was stolen again!"

6. "I can’t see very well."

7. "My boss is driving me crazy!"

8. "My phone bill is really expensive."

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MODAL VERBS 2 - OBLIGATION, NECESSITY, PROHIBITION, ADVICE

4 Practice 3

Rewrite each sentence using an appropriate modal verb from Task 1. More than one answer may be
possible.

1. It is very important that you do not forget to call me tomorrow.

2. It is not necessary for them to wait for me.

3. It is obligatory for us to check out of the hotel before midday.

4. It is a good idea for him to study hard if he wants to pass his exam.

5. I feel it is very important that you try to go to bed early tonight.

6. It isn’t a good idea to believe everything you read on the internet.

7. It is obligatory to drive on the left side of the road in the UK.

8. It is forbidden to cross the border without a passport.

9. It is not necessary for his present to be expensive.

Talk about your country. What advice would you give a visitor? Make some sentences using the
modal verbs from this lesson, for example: You have to drive on the right. You should use the formal
‘you’ when you don’t know someone.

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INTERMEDIATE (B1-B2)

MODAL VERBS 2 - OBLIGATION, NECESSITY, PROHIBITION, ADVICE

5 Speaking
Look at the cue cards below. Discuss the suggested topics in pairs or small groups.

School Rules

1. What must students do to maintain good grades?

2. What do students have to wear as part of the school uniform?
3. What are students not allowed to do during exams?
4. What should students do if they are struggling with their homework?

Healthy Living

1. What must people do to stay healthy?

2. What do you need to eat to maintain a balanced diet?
3. What activities are people not allowed to do for good health?
4. What should you do to improve your physical fitness?

Travelling Abroad

1. What documents must you bring when travelling abroad?

2. What do you have to check before booking a flight?
3. What are you not allowed to carry in your hand luggage?
4. What advice would you give to someone travelling abroad for the first time?

Environmental Protection

1. What must we do to protect the environment?

2. What steps do people need to take to reduce plastic waste?
3. What activities are prohibited in national parks?
4. What should individuals do to reduce their carbon footprint?

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MODAL VERBS 2 - OBLIGATION, NECESSITY, PROHIBITION, ADVICE

Workplace Conduct

1. What must employees do to ensure a safe work environment?

2. What qualifications do you need for your job?
3. What behaviours are employees not allowed to exhibit at work?
4. What should you do if you encounter a problem with a colleague?

Social Etiquette

1. What must you do when you meet someone for the first time?
2. What social norms do you have to follow in your culture?
3. What behaviours are not allowed during formal events?
4. What advice would you give to someone visiting your country for the first time?

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TEACHER MATERIALS · INTERMEDIATE (B1-B2)

MODAL VERBS 2 - OBLIGATION, NECESSITY, PROHIBITION, ADVICE

Key

1. Modal verbs for necessity and advice

5 mins.
The table in this section presents the main uses of modal verbs to describe necessity and advice. Ask students to
read through the dialogue in pairs to see these verbs in action.

2. Practice 1: "must" or "have to"

5 mins.
Students practise using the verbs must and have to in the correct forms. Circulate and help as needed.

1. has to 2. mustn’t 3. doesn’t have to 4. has to

5. has to 6. must / has to 7. doesn’t have to 8. mustn’t

3. Practice 2: "should" or "shouldn’t"

5 mins.
Students practise using the verbs should and shouldn’t in the correct forms. Circulate and help as needed.

1. You should go to bed earlier. 2. You shouldn’t eat so much cake.

3. You should try to relax more. 4. You should take up a new hobby.
5. You shouldn’t be so careless. 6. You should have an eye test.
7. You should quit your job. 8. You shouldn’t use your phone all day.

4. Practice 3

5 mins.
Students practise using the modal verbs covered in Task 1. Circulate and help as needed.

1. You mustn’t forget to call me tomorrow.

2. They don’t have to/don’t need to/needn’t wait for me.
3. We have to / need to check out of the hotel before midday.
4. He should study hard if he wants to pass his exam.
5. You must try to go to bed early tonight.
6. You shouldn’t believe everything you read on the internet.
7. You have to drive on the left side of the road in the UK.
8. You mustn’t cross the border without a passport.
9. His present doesn’t have to / doesn’t need to / needn’t be expensive.

5. Speaking

5-20 mins.
Explain the task to the students: they will use the cue cards to ask and answer questions with a partner or in small
groups, focusing on using the correct modal verbs.
Monitor the discussions, providing assistance and feedback as needed.
Review some of the answers as a class, asking students to share their sentences and thoughts.

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