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Experiment 2

Experiment

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aritrabasak125
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25 views

Experiment 2

Experiment

Uploaded by

aritrabasak125
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 2: Realization of different logic gates with the help of universal

gate.

Objective: -
1. Study on NAND and NOR gates.
2. Realization of AND, OR, NOT, X-OR, NOR using only NAND gates.

Equipment’s required: -

1. Digital Multimeter
2. 5V D.C power supply.
3. Bread board.

Components: -
1. IC 7400 -1No.
2. IC 7402 – 1No.
3. LED – 1No.
4. Resistor 220-1 No.

Theory: - Logic gates are electronic circuits which perform logical functions on one
or more inputs to produce one output. There are seven logic gates. When all the
input combinations of a logic gate are written in a series and their corresponding
outputs written along them, then this input/ output combination is called Truth
Table.
NAND gate is actually a combination of two logic gates i.e., AND gate followed by
NOT gate. This gate can have minimum two inputs, output is always one. By using
only NAND gate, we can realize all logic functions: AND, OR, NOT, X-OR, X-NOR,
NOR. So, this gate is also called as universal gate.

Figure 3.1: Pin Configuration of 7400

Procedure:-
NAND gate: -

Construct the circuit shown in Figure 3.2 using one gate in the 7400 QUAD NAND
GATE (Note that VCC and GND connections are not shown). Use two sections of
the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output
logic levels.

Truth Table Output


A B X Voltage
in Volt
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

Figure 3.2 Table 1

Realization of AND, OR, NOT, X-OR, NOR using only NAND gates: -

i) NAND gates as NOT gate: A NOT produces complement of the input. It can have
only one input, tie the inputs of a NAND gate together. Now it will work as a NOT
gate. Its output is
Y = (A.A)’
Y = (A)’ Truth Table Output
A A’ Voltage
in Volt
0
1

Figure-3.3:

ii) NAND gates as AND gate: A NAND produces complement of AND gate. So, if the
output of a NAND gate is inverted, overall output will be that of an AND gate.
Y = ((A.B)’)’
Y = (A.B)
Truth Table Output
A B X Voltage
in Volt
0 0
0 1
Figure-3.4
1 0
1 1
iii) NAND gates as OR gate: From DeMorgan’s
theorems:
(A.B)’ = A’ + B’
(A’. B’)’ = A’’ + B’’ = A + B

So, give the inverted inputs to a NAND gate, obtain OR operation at output.

Truth Table Output


A B X Voltage
in Volt
0 0
0 1
1 0
Figure 3.5 1 1

iv) NAND gates as NOR gate: The output of a two input NOR gate is shown by: Y =
(A+B)’. This can be achieved with the logic diagram shown in Figure 3.’6.

Truth Table Output


A B X Voltage
in Volt
0 0
0 1
1 0
Figure 3.6 1 1

v) NAND gates as Ex-OR gate: The output of a two input Ex-OR gate is shown by:
Y = A’B + AB’. This can be achieved with the logic diagram shown in Figure 3.7.

Truth Table Output


A B X Voltage
in Volt
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Figure 3.7

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