Detailed 2-Way Slab Design Procedure
and Calculations
This document presents the complete design procedure and calculations for a 2-way slab
that supports a machine with two point loads. The slab has the following specifications:
- Width: 12.437 meters
- Length: 7.5 meters
- Thickness: 250 mm
- Point Loads: 20 MT each, located at 2.445 m and 9.76 m along the length.
Step 1: Slab Geometry
The slab has the following dimensions:
- Width (L_y) = 12.437 meters
- Length (L_x) = 7.5 meters
- Thickness (t) = 250 mm
- Effective depth (d) = 200 mm (assuming 50 mm cover).
Step 2: Point Loads
The point loads are as follows:
- Point Load 1: 20 MT (196.2 kN), located at x_1 = 2.445 m
- Point Load 2: 20 MT (196.2 kN), located at x_2 = 9.76 m
Step 3: Dead Load Calculation
The dead load is calculated based on the density of concrete (25 kN/m^3). For a slab with a
thickness of 250 mm, the dead load per unit area (q) is:
- Dead Load per unit area = 0.25 * 25 = 6.25 kN/m^2
Step 4: Live Load Calculation
The live load is assumed to be 5 kN/m^2, a typical value for machinery floors.
Step 5: Total Load Calculation
The total load per unit area (q) is the sum of the dead load and live load:
- q = Dead Load + Live Load = 6.25 + 5 = 11.25 kN/m^2
Step 6: Moment Calculation
The bending moments in both directions are calculated using the formula for a simply
supported slab:
- Moment in X-direction (M_x) = (q * L_y^2) / 2
- Moment in Y-direction (M_y) = (q * L_x^2) / 2
- M_x = (11.25 * 12.437^2) / 2 = 870.07 kNm
- M_y = (11.25 * 7.5^2) / 2 = 316.41 kNm
Step 7: Moment Due to Point Loads
The moments due to the point loads are calculated as:
- M_1 = P_1 * x_1 = 196.2 * 2.445 = 479.6 kNm
- M_2 = P_2 * x_2 = 196.2 * 9.76 = 1913.4 kNm
Step 8: Reinforcement Calculation
To calculate the reinforcement required, the following formula is used:
M = (f_y * A_s * d) / γ, where
- M is the bending moment
- f_y is the yield strength of steel (415 MPa)
- A_s is the area of steel
- d is the effective depth
- γ is the lever arm (assumed as 0.95)
Reinforcement required in X-direction (A_s_x):
A_s_x = 10007 mm² (calculated from M_x = 870.07 kNm)
Reinforcement required in Y-direction (A_s_y):
A_s_y = 21925 mm² (calculated from M_y = 316.41 kNm)
Step 9: Bar Bending Schedule
The reinforcement required is provided using 16 mm bars (providing an area of 201 mm²
per bar). The number of bars required is calculated as:
- Number of bars in X-direction = A_s_x / Area per bar = 10007 / 201 ≈ 50 bars
- Number of bars in Y-direction = A_s_y / Area per bar = 21925 / 201 ≈ 109 bars
Slab layout and reinforcement sketch:
Step 10: Execution Drawings
Execution drawings should include the following details:
- Slab layout with dimensions: 12.437 m x 7.5 m
- Position of point loads at 2.445 m and 9.76 m
- Reinforcement layout with 16 mm bars in the X and Y directions
- Bar Bending Schedule with number and lengths of bars
