C ircles
D ef :A circle is locus of a pt. w hich m o ves in
a plane such that its distance from a fixed point
is alw ays constant.
E quation of C ircle
1
G eneral E qn of C ircle :
2
2 2
E x : x y 6 x 4 y 12 0
2 2 9
Ex : 2 x 2 y 3 x 4 y 0
8
3
2 2
E x : 2 x xy 2 y 4 x 6 y 5 0
2 2
Ex : x 2 3 y 4 x 6 y 1 0
4
Som e particular cases :
1. W hen centre of circle is origin
2. W hen circle passes through the origin
5
3. W hen circle touches x-axis
4. W hen circle touches y-axis
6
5. W hen circle passes through the origin and
centre lies on x-axis.
6. W hen circle passes through the origin and
centre lies on y-axis.
7
E x :Find the eqn of circle w hich touches y-axis
at a distance of 4 units from the origin and cuts
an intercept of 6 units along the +ve x-axis.
8
E x :Find the eqn of circle passing through the
pts. 1, 2 & 4, 3 and w hose centre lies
on the line 3 x 4 y 7
9
47 3 1465
A ns : C , R
15 5 15
10
E x :Find the eqn of circle w hich touches the line
4 x 3 y 10 0 & 4 x 3 y 30 0 and w hose
centre lies on the line 2 x y 0
11
2 2
A ns : x 1 y 2 16
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E x : Find the eqn of circle passing thro ugh the
pts 5, 8 , 2, 9 and 2,1
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A ns : x 2 y 2 4 x 8 y 5 0
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E x : Show that the pts. 9,1 , 7, 9 , 2,12
and 6,10 are concyclic.
15
A ns : x 2 y 2 6 y 76 0
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D iam eter form of a circle :
17
E x : If the abcissae and the ordinates o f tw o pts.
2
A and B be the roots of ax bx c 0
and a ' y 2 b ' y c ' 0 resp. Find the eqn
of circle AB as diam eter.
18
M ax. and M in. distance of a point from C ircle
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Intercepts on the axes :
20
P osition of a point w . r. t. C ircle
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Param etric Eqn of C ircle :
22
1 t2 2 at
Ex : x a 2
y 2
1 t 1 t
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Line and C ircle :
24
E x : L 1 be a line through the origin and L 2 be the
line x y 1. If the intercepts m ade by
2 2
x y x 3 y 0 on L 1 and L 2 are equal.
Find the possible eqn of lines.
25
A ns : y x and x 7 y 0
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C hord joining tw p pts. &
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C hord joining tw p pts. &
x cos y sin a cos
2 2 2
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T angent:
Std. C ircle Second D egree C urve
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T angent:
G eneral. C ircle
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R k:
1. For a unique value of 'm ' there w ill be tw o
tangent and distance b/w tw o parallel tangents
is 2a.
2. From an external point tw o tangents can be
draw n to a circle w hich are equal in length
and are equally inclined to the line joining
the pt. and centre of circle.
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N orm al
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E x: Find the eqn of the tangent to circle
x 2 y 2 2 x 4 y 4 0 w hich are
perpendicular to 3 x 4 y 7 0
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A ns : 4 x 3 y 25
4 x 3 y 5
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E x :Find the eqn of the tangent draw n to the
circle x 2 y 2 6 x 4 y 3 0 from 7,4 lying
outside the circle. A lso find the point. of contacts
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A ns : x 7
5 x 12 y 13 0
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Length of tangent:
37
E x : Find the locus of a point the tangent from
w hich to the circle 4 x 2 4 y 2 9 & 9 x 2 9 y 2 16
are in the ratio 3 : 4
38
E x :Find the length of the tangent from any point
on the circle S1 x 2 y 2 2 gx 2 fy 0
2 2
to the circle S 2 x y 2 gx 2 fy 0
39
P ow er of P oint :
product of segm ents draw n from a point
to the circle is constant.
P roof:
40
R k : 1. Pow er of point m ay be +ve, ve or zero
acc. as P lies outside, inside or on the circle.
2. T w o lines a1 x b1 y c1 0 & a 2 x b 2 y c 2 0
intersects on the axes at four points, the condition
for w hich thos e four points are concyclic
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D irector C ircle :
D ef :It is defined as a locus of a pt. o f int. P
of tw o perpendicular tangents draw n to the curve.
42
E qn of D irector C ircle :
2 2 2
x y 2a
R k :D irector circle of a circle is concentric
circle having radius 2 tim es the radius
of original circle
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E x :Find the locus of a pt. P w hich m oves such
that the angle m ade by pair of tangents draw n
to x 2 y 2 a 2 is 60
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M 2
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C hord w ith given m id - point
R k : Am ong all chords w hich passes throu gh
a,b then shortest chord is that w hose
m id point is a,b
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C hord of C ontact :
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Pair of T angents :
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P oint of Intersection of T angents draw n at &
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E x :Find the locus of the m id-point of chord
of the circle x 2 y 2 2 gx 2 fy c 0 and
passes through the pt. a,b
50
E x : Find the eqn of the locus of the m id-point
of chord of circle x 2 y 2 2 gx 2 fy c 0
w hich subtends right angle at a,b
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Som e Im portant Points :
[Link] of triangle form ed by chord of co ntact
and pair of tangents
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2. Length of C hord of C ontact
3. Area of Q uad.
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4. Angle betw een P air of T angents
5. E qn of C ircle circum scribing the
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E x :T angents are draw n to the circle x 2 y 2 8
at the point w here the line x 2 y 4 intersects the
circle. Find the pt. of int. of tangents.
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A ns : 2, 4
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E x :T angents are draw n to a unit circle w ith
centre at origin from every pt. on the line
2 x y 4. P rove that C hord of C ontact passing
through a fixed pt.
57
A ns : 4 y 1 x 2 y 0
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Fam ily of C ircles :
T ype -1 : Find the eqn of fam ily of circles w hich
passes through the pt. of int. of S 1 0 and S 2 0
S1 S 2 0 R 1 or 1
59
E x :Find the eqn of circle w hich passes through
the pt. of int. x 2 y 2 4 x 6 y 51 0
& x 2 y 2 4 x 6 y 12 0
( i ) passes through 0,0
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ii radius 5
iii x int 5
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iv w hich touches y-axis
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v centre lies on x-axis
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Type 2eqn of fam ily of circle passing through
pt. of int. of the circle S 0 and L 0
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E x :Find the eqn of circle draw n on the chord
x cos y sin p of the circle x 2 y 2 a 2
as its diam eter.
65
A ns : 2 p
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E x :Show that x 2 y 2 2 x 2 y 8 0
represents for diff values of a system of circles
passing through tw o fixed points A & B on x-axis.
Also find the eqn of that circle of system the tangent
to w hich A and B m eet on the line x 2 y 5 0
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A ns : A 2, 0 B 4, 0 3
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E x : Find the eqn of circle w hich passes through
origin and through the pt. of contact of the tangent
draw n from origin to the circle
x 2 y 2 11 x 13 y 17 0
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T ype 3 Eqn of fam ily of circle passing through
A x1 , y1 & B x 2 , y 2
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T ype 4 E qn of fam ily of circle touching a lin e
at fixed pt. x1 , y1
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E qn of circle circum scribing a triangle
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E x :G iven sides of a triangle
L 1 x y 1 0 L2 2 x 3 y 5 0
L3 x 2 y 7 0
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E qn of a circle circum scribing a Q uad.
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C om m on T angent to the C ircles
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P osition of C ircles and N o. of C om m on T angents
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Length of C om m on T angent
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R adical A xis :
D ef :R A of tw o circles is a locus of a p t. w hose
pow er of point w . r. t. tw o circles are equal.
78
Rk :
1. If tw o circles intersect then R A is the com m on
chord of tw o circles.
2. If tw o circles touch each other then R A is the
com m on tangent of the tw o circles at their
com m on point.
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3. If tw o circles are separated then R A is neither
chord nor a tangent.
4. C ircles w hich don't have R A are concentric.
80
5. R A is alw ays perpendicular to the lin e joining
the centres of the circle.
6. R A need not alw ays pass through the m id-pt.
of the line joining centres of the circles.
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7. R A bisects the com m on tangent b/w tw o circles.
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E x :Find the eqn of circle w hich bisects the
circum ference of circle x 2 y 2 2 y 3 0 and
touches the line y x at origin.
83
2 2
E x : T angents are draw n to the circle x y 12
at point w here it is m et by the circle
x 2 y 2 5 x 3 y 2 0.
Find the pt. of int. of tangents.
84
18
A ns : 6,
5
85
E x :Find the eqn of st. line m eeting the circle
x 2 y 2 a 2 in tw o pts. at equal distance 'd' from
pt. x1 , y1 on its circum ference.
86
2
d
A ns : xx1 yy1 a 2 0
2
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Angle of Intersection of tw o circles :
88
C ondition of O rthogonality
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R k :O ne circle is contained in another then also
condition of orthogonality is satisfied.
90
E x :E qn of circles S1 x 2 y 2 2 x 2 ky 6 0
S 2 x 2 y 2 2 kx k 0. Find the value of k for
w hich the tw o circles are orthogonal.
91
E x :Find the locus of centre of variable circle w hich
cuts orthogonally tw o given circles S 1 0 & S 2 0 .
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R adical C entre :
R adical axis of three circles m eet in a pt.
is called radical centre
93
R k :If w e draw a circle w ith radical cen tre as a
centre and length of tangent from radical centre
to any one of circle it as radius then that circle
w ill be orthogonal to the three circles
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R k :T he radical centre of three circles described
on the sides of as diam eter is orthocentre of
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E x :Find the eqn of circle w hich cuts orthogonally
to the given three circles
x 2 y 2 2 x 17 y 4 0
x 2 y 2 7 x 6 y 11 0
2 2
x y x 22 y 3 0
96
A ns : x 2 y 2 6 x 4 y 44 0
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C o-axial System of C ircles:
A system of circles every pair of w hich have the
sam e radical axis
T ype - 1
T ype - 2
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Lim iting Points :
E x : S1 x 2 y 2 4 x 2 y 5 0
S 2 x 2 y 2 2 x 4 y 15 0
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A ns : 2, 1 3, 4
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Pole and Polar
Locus of a point of int. of tangents draw n at the
pt. of int. of circle and chord passing through
given pt. P
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C onjugate Points :
T w o pt. P and Q are said to be conjugate of each
other w . r. t. a circle if polar on P passes through
Q and vice versa
102
C onjugate Lines :
T w o Lines L 1 and L 2 are said to be conjugate of each
other w . r. t. a circle if pole of L 1 lies on another
and vice versa
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