Class: 10th Social Studies

(History)
L-8 The Anglo- Sikh Wars and Annexation
of Punjab

Answer the followings questions:-

(A) Answer the following questions in 20-25 words-

Q1. Who was the successor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh?
Ans: Kharak Singh
Q2. Why were the Sikhs defeated in the battle of Mudki?
Ans: The Sikhs defeated due to the small army of the Sikhs and the treachery of Lal Singh.
Q3. When was the battle of Sabhraon fought and what was its result?
Ans: The Battle of Sabhraon took place on 10 February 1846 AD. After the victory of Sabhraon,
the British army crossed the river Sutlej without any resistance.
Q4. What was the matter of Suchet Singh's treasury?
Ans: Suchet Singh was in the service of Lahore Durbar. After his death, he left a treasure of
Rs.15 lakhs at Ferozepur. He had no son. Therefore, the Lahore government asserted its right
over the treasure and the British wanted to settle the claim through court.
Q 5.Write about the 'Cow Row'.
Ans: On 21st April 1846, a herd of cows blocked the way of an European gunner and that
gunner attacked the cows with his sword. This news enraged the Hindus and the Sikhs.
Q 6. When was Punjab annexed to the British Empire? Who was the Governor General of
India at that time?
Ans: Punjab was annexed to the British Empire in 1849 A.D. At that time the Governor General
of India was Lord Dalhousie.
Q 7. What steps were taken by Chattar Singh against the Britishers?
Ans: Chattar Singh revolted against the British.
(B)Write the answers to the following questions in about 30-50 words-
Q1.Discuss the causes of Bhairowal Treaty.
Ans: According to the Treaty of Lahore, the British army was to stay in Lahore for one year to
protect the Maharaja and the citizens. After the completion of one year, Lord Hardinge thought
that the British army should be kept in Lahore even further, but Maharani Jinda did not want
this. On December 1846, a special meeting was convened in the Durbar of Lahore. In this
meeting, only those terms of Governor General were declared which were related to keeping
of British army in Lahore. On 16 December, the treaty of 1846 was signed by prominent sardars.
Q2.Write any four terms of Bhairowal Treaty.
Ans: 1.A British Resident appointed by the Governor General would stay in Lahore.
2. The administration of the state would be run by a Council of Regency of eight Sardars. The
names of those Sardars were also mentioned in the treaty.
3. To protect Maharaja Dalip Singh and maintain peace and order, the British army would stay
at Lahore.
4. The kingdom of Lahore would pay 22 lakhs of rupees annually to the British Government for
the expenditure of the British Army.
Q3.Write about the importance of Bhairowal Treaty.
Ans: 1. With this treaty, the British became the masters of Punjab. Henry Lawrence was
appointed the first British Resident of Punjab.
2. Through the Treaty of Bhairowal, Maharani Jindan was disassociated from the administration
and she was sent to Sheikhupura. Then she was exiled and sent to Benaras.
Q 4.After the first Anglo -Sikh War, why did the Britishers not annex Punjab to their
empire? Write any two causes.
Ans: 1. To maintain law and order in Punjab, the expenditure would have been more than
income. So Lord Harding did not want to increase the expenditure by annexing Punjab into the
British Empire.
2. The Sikh Kingdom has a buffer between Afghanistan and the British Empire. That is why the
British did not occupy Punjab.
Q 5. After the treaty of Bhairowal, how did the British treat Queen Jindan?
Ans: According to the Treaty of Bhairowal, Maharani Jindan was deprived of all political rights.
She was arrested. On 20 August 1846 A.D. She was sent to Sheikhupura fort. Her pension was
reduced to Rs 48,000 only. Then she was exiled and sent to Benaras.
Q 6. What do you know about Maharaja Dalip Singh?
Ans: The British government accepted Dalip Singh as Maharaja according to the Treaty of
Lahore. During the minor period of Maharaja Dalip Singh, the administration of the state would
be run by a Council of Regency of eight Sardars. In second Anglo-Sikh war, the Sikhs were
defeated and Lord Dalhousie dissolved the state of Punjab. Maharaja Dalip Singh was
dethroned. The pension of Maharaja Dalip Singh was fixed between four to five lacs. The entire
property of Punjab was captured by the Britishers.
(C) Write the answers to the following questions in about 100-120 words-
Q1.Discuss the causes of the First Anglo Sikh War.
Ans: 1.The British began the siege of Lahore state. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the Sardars of the
Lahore Darbar opposed their policy.
2. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, restlessness and anarchy spread in Punjab. The
British wanted to take advantage of this situation.
3. The failure of the British in the first Afghan war inspired the Sikhs to fight a war against the
Britishers.
4. After annexing Sindh and Kanthal in the British Empire and weakening the power of the
Gwalior state, Ellenborough planned to capture Punjab. On learning this, the Sikhs also started
preparations for war.
5. In July 1844, Lord Hardinge, who was a famous army commander, was appointed as the
Governor General of India in place of Lord Ellenborough so that he could successfully fight war
against the Sikhs.
6. Suchet Singh was in the service of Lahore Durbar. After his death, he left a treasure of 15
lakh rupees at Ferozepur. He had no son. Therefore, the Lahore government asserted its right
over the treasure and the British wanted to settle the claim through court. This made the Sikhs
suspicious of the intentions of the British.
7. Major Broadfoot took such actions against the Sikhs that caused the Sikhs to revolt against
the British.
8. On 13 December 1845, Governor General Lord Hardinge declared war against the Sikhs.
Q2.Write about the events related to the first Anglo-Sikh War.
Ans: 1. Battle of Mudki, December 18, 1845 A.D.:-Under the leadership of Sir Hugh Gough,
the British army reached a place called Mudki. Lal Singh reached Mudki with a small army. On
18 December 1845 A.D., the battle started, but as soon as the battle started, Lal Singh fled from
there. Due to the treachery of the leader, the Sikhs were defeated.
2. Battle of Ferozeshah or Ferozeshahar, December 21, 1845 A.D.:- The British army
attacked the Sikh army which was camping at FerozeShah. Lal Singh and Tej Singh were leading
the Sikh army in this war. The Sikh soldiers fought very bravely. But Lal Singh and Tej Singh
ran away from the battlefield. As a result, the British won the battle.
3. Battle of Baddowal, January21, 1846 A.D.:-Sardar Ranjodh Singh and Sardar Ajit Singh
crossed the river Sutlej along with their army. A battle took place between the British and the
Sikhs at the village of Baddowal. Sardar Ranjodh Singh won in this battle. .
4. Battle of Aliwal, December 28, 1846 A.D.:-On the arrival of army assistance from
Ferozepur, Sir Henry Smith suddenly attacked the Sikh army camping under the leadership of
Sardar Ranjodh Singh at Aliwal. As a result, the Sikh army fled and crossed the Sutlej and the
Britishers won this war.
5. Battle of Sabhraon, February 10, 1846 A.D.:- The Sikh army had encamped at Sabhraon
under the leadership of Tej Singh and Lal Singh. On February 10, 1846 A.D. When the war
started between the Sikhs and the British, Tej Singh and Lal Singh fled from the battlefield. Sham
Singh Attariwala continued to fight with the enemy until his death. After his death, the Sikh army
was defeated.
Q3.Discuss the terms of the First Treaty of Lahore.
Ans: 1.The British Government would maintain friendship between Maharaja Dalip Singh and
his successors.
2. The Maharaja of Lahore agreed to remove his possession from areas in the south of the river
Sutlej.
3. The British demanded a sum of rupees one and a half crores from Lahore government in the
form of war indemnity.
4. The Maharaja promised to dissolve the rebellious brigades of Lahore army and snatch their
weapons.
5. The Maharaja would not recruit any British, European or American in his service without the
permission of the British Government.
6. The British government accepted Dalip Singh as Maharaja of Lahore, Rani Jindan as his
guardian and Lal Singh as Prime Minister.
7. The boundaries of the Lahore Kingdom would not be changed without the permission of the
British Government and the British Government would not interfere in the internal affairs of the
Kingdom of Lahore.
Q4.Explain the Treaty of Bhairowal.
Ans: Causes

1. According to the Treaty of Lahore, the British army was to stay in Lahore for one year to
protect the Maharaja and the citizens
2. After the completion of one year, Lord Hardinge thought that the British army should be kept
in Lahore even further, but Maharani Jindan did not want this.
3. On December 1846, a special meeting was convened in the Durbar of Lahore.
4. In this meeting, only those terms of Governor General were declared which were related to
keeping of British army in Lahore.
5. On 16 December, the treaty of 1846 was signed by Prominent Sardars except Maharani
Jindan.
Terms
1. A British Resident appointed by the Governor General would stay in Lahore.
2. During the minor period of Maharaja Dalip Singh, the administration of the state would be
run by a Council of Regency of eight Sardars. The names of those Sardars were also mentioned
in the treaty.
3. To protect Maharaja Dalip Singh and maintain peace and order, the British army would stay
at Lahore.
4. The kingdom of Lahore would pay 22 lakhs of rupees annually to the British Government for
the expenditure of the British Army.
5. The terms of this treaty shall remain in force until Maharaja Dalip Singh attains majority.
Importance

1. With this treaty, the British became the owners of Punjab. Henry Lawrence was appointed as
the first British Resident in Punjab.
2. Through this treaty, Maharani Jindan was disassociated from the administration and after
some time she was exiled and sent to Benaras.
Q5.Write the causes of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Ans: 1. The Sikhs were defeated in the 1st Anglo-Sikh war fought under the leadership of
treacherous people like Lal Singh and Tej Singh. After the war, the British separated the hilly
areas from Lahore kingdom. The strength of the Sikh army was reduced and the British army
began to camp in Lahore. The Britishers started to be appointed on high posts. Patriotic Sikhs
could not tolerate these humiliating terms.
2. On 21st April 1846, a herd of cows blocked the way of an European gunner and that gunner
attacked the cows with his sword. This news enraged the Hindus and the Sikhs.
3. Through the Treaty of Bhairowal, Maharani Jindan was disassociated from the administration
and she was sent to Sheikhupura. Then she was exiled and sent to Benaras. As a result, the
patriotic Sikhs were enraged against the Britishers.
4. The British Resident appointed Mulraj as Nazim of Multan. His annual revenue was increased
from twenty lakhs to thirty lakhs. When Mulraj requested the British Resident to reduce the
amount, his request was rejected, then Mulraj resigned and revolted against the British, and
this revolt gave the British an opportunity to fight with the Sikhs.
5. Chattar Singh Attariwala was appointed as the Nazim of Hazara. Captain Abbot was
appointed to assist him. Abbot's arrogant behaviour made Chattar Singh suspicious of the
British. On this, Chattar Singh openly revolted against the British.
6. The revolt of Mulraj, Chattar Singh and Sher Singh gave Lord Dalhousie an opportunity to act
on his plan. On the orders of Dalhousie, the British army crossed the river Sutlej and reached
Lahore and at the same time that army got entangled with the rebellions.
Q6.Explain the events of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Ans: 1.The Battle of Ramnagar, November 22, 1848 A.D.:-On November 22, a battle took
place at Ram Nagar between Sher Singh Attariwala's army and the army led by Lord Hugh
Gough. In this battle, the Britishers were defeated and two of their famous generals were killed.
2. Battle of Chillianwala, January 13, 1849 A.D.::-

On January 13, on the orders of Hugh Gough, the British attacked the Sikh army. In the evening,
a fierce battle took place in Chillianwala. The Sikhs inflicted heavy losses on the British.
Consequently, Sir Charles Napier was appointed Chief General in place of Hugh Gough.
3. Occupation of Multan by the Britishers January 22, 1849 A.D.:- Under the leadership of
Mulraj, the rebels of Multan fought against the British army. On December 30, a bomb was
thrown by the British army. Due to this bomb, Mulraj lost explosive material worth four lac
pounds. More than 500 rebels were also killed and Mulraj was left with no choice but to
surrender.
4. Battle of Gujarat, February 21, 1849 A.D.:- This battle was fought between the British and
the Sikhs in Gujarat. On 21st February 1849 AD, at 7.30 am, the battle between the two sides
started at Gujarat on the banks of the river Chenab. After an hour of bombardment, the Sikhs
ammunition was exhausted. The Sikhs still bravely faced the enemies. Due to the huge number
of the enemy, the Sikhs had to face defeat.
Q 7.Write the results of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Ans: 1. After the defeat of the Sikhs in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the state of Punjab was
dissolved.
2 Maharaja Dalip Singh was dethroned. Maharaja Dalip Singh was arrested. He was sentenced
to life imprisonment and sent to Singapore.
3. Mulraj was exiled to kala pani.
4. After the defeat of the Sikhs in the second Anglo-Sikh war, the Khalsa army was disbanded
and the Sikh soldiers were disarmed.
5. After the dissolution of the Punjab state, many actions were taken to weaken the power of the
prominent Sikhs on the orders of Lord Dalhousie.
6. The Britishers and the Europeans were appointed to the highest positions in the state
administration.
7. After annexing Punjab to the British Empire, the British built roads and cantonments to make
North West Frontier powerful.
8. The native princely states helped the Britishers during the second World War. The Britishers
decided not to include the native princely states in the British Empire.
Q8. How did the British annexe Punjab?
Ans: 1. Lord Hardinge deliberately did not annex Punjab in the British Empire after the First
Anglo-Sikh War.
2. Through the treaties of Lahore, the British took away the fertile areas of Doaba Bist and
Jalandhar from the kingdom of Lahore. The Khalsa army was reduced.
3. According to the treaty of Bhairowal, Maharani Jindan was disassociated from the state
administration and the work of state administration was handed over to the Council of Regency
as Maharaja Dalip Singh was a minor at that time.
4. Lord Dalhousie became the Governor General of India in place of Lord Hardinge. First of
all, he decided to annex Punjab into the British Empire.
5. On March 29, 1849 Maharaja Dalip Singh and the members of the Council of Regency were
forced to sign the treaty by the British officer Elliot.
6. According to that treaty, Maharaja Dalip Singh was dethroned and the entire property of
Punjab was taken over by the Britishers.
7. On the same day, Henry Elliot read out the declaration by Lord Dalhousie in the Lahore
Durbar. According to this declaration, Punjab was annexed in the British Empire.

Prepared By: Baljit Kaur S.S. Mistress, G.S.S.S Magarmudhia Gurdaspur

Vetted By:- Neha Kansal (SS Mistress) GHS Landhe Ke (Moga)

Ranjit Kaur (SS Mistress) G.S.S.S.Tibber GURDASPUR