Improvement of farm animals and poultry
Following points may be considered as minimal activities that need for maximization
of livestock production.
1. Genetics Improvement
2. Feed Resources Augmentation
3. Stock Management
4. Health Cover
5. Product Handling and Marketing
6. Diversification of Crop Culture and Livestock
7. New Research Strategic Aspects
1. Genetic improvement-
Improvement the quality of livestock so that they may produce more milk, egg, meat
etc. The steps include
a. Supply of improved animals / birds of superior breeds. AI with semen of good bulls.
b. Removal of scrub / low grade animals through castration or culling.
c. Herd recording for knowing production worth of animals, selection of superior
animals and their reproduction.
2. Feed resource augmentation –
Low production of our stock is mostly due to poor feeding. feed cost constitute 60 –
70 % of production cost. Hence need for developing economic feeds in adequate
quantity and quality.
a. Supply of improved fodder seeds / sapling
b. Increasing area under fodders
c. Pasture / grassland development
d. Conservation of ‘lush’ season greens as hay and silage
e. Improving feeding value of straws by use of new techniques
eg. i. Urea, + Molasses + straws / bogasse / stovers
ii. Ensiling straws with urea
iii. Soaking
f. Feed mills- feed pallets, combined / compound feeds for poultry
3. Stock management
a. Housing / shelter- Renovation / improvement of existing ones, construction of new
ones
b. Hygiene and sanitation- Clean surroundings.
c. Protection against hot (wallowing, showering body, wetting) and cold (bedding,
curtains, jackets), weather conditions
4. Health cover- Prevention of occurrence of diseases as well as treatment of sick
animals
a. Infrastructure development and expansion
b. Manpower development
c. Organization of preventing measures eg.
Vaccination, deworming campaign, testing for disease carriers, fertility survey and
camps
5. Diversification of crop culture and livestock-
1. Diversification of crop culture and livestock raised very important.
2. Is increased crop yield and cash savings through utilization of animal waste
fertilizer
3. It is necessary to established strategies for both crop and livestock production.
6. New research strategies aspects-
1. Chemical and microbial treatment of crop residues to increase digestibility.
2. Manipulation of rumen micro- flora to increase digestibility of roughages
3. Production of growth promotants (growth hormones) by genes manipulated which
accelerate growth and improve productivity of livestock.
4. Embryo- transfer and embryo manipulation to accelerate genetic improvements
7. Development programmes-
1. Key village scheme: This programme incorporating all aspect necessary for
improving the cattle under as under:
a. Introduction of superior bulls
b. Castration of undesirable inferior bulls
c. Use of AI
d. Milk recording
e. Prevention and treatment of diseases
f. Distribution of mineral feed supplements
g. improved fodder production
2. ICDP (Intensive cattle development project); The ICDP was launched in 1965.
Intensive Cattle Development Project is an integrated scheme with specific objective
of improving indigenous cattle through crossbreeding.
3. Dairy development scheme of states: Under this scheme the provision is made to
supply of one milch cow or buffalo to small and marginal farmers at subsidized rates.
4. RGM (Rastriya Gokul Mission) : RGM is being implemented for development and
conservation of indigenous bovine breeds since December 2014.
Centrally-Sponsored Dairy Development Schemes
Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme
Intensive Dairy Development Programme
Centrally-Sponsored Animal Husbandry Schemes
Fodder and Feed Development Scheme
Pig Development Scheme
Poultry Venture Capital Fund
Establishment and Modernization of Rural Slaughter Houses
Salvaging and Rearing of Male Buffalo Calves
Utilization of Fallen Animals
Integrated Development of Small Ruminants (Sheep, Goat) and Rabbits
Conservation of Threatened Breeds of Small Ruminants, Rabbits, Pigs, Pack
Animals and Equines
Livestock Insurance Scheme
