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DNA and RNA The Building Blocks of Life

DNA & RNA

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11 views8 pages

DNA and RNA The Building Blocks of Life

DNA & RNA

Uploaded by

jataxe7497
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DNA and RNA: The Building

Blocks of Life
Welcome to a deep dive into the fascinating world of DNA and RNA, the
molecular blueprints that govern all life on Earth. This presentation will
explore their intricate structures, vital roles, and the processes that
ensure the continuity of life.

Name : PALAK NAYAK


Class : 12th A1
School : AGGARWAL PUBLIC SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY PROJECT

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Nucleotide Composition and Backbone
Nucleotide Components Backbone Structure

Both DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides, which The nucleotides link together via phosphodiester bonds,
consist of three parts: a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA, forming a sugar-phosphate backbone. This backbone
ribose in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. provides structural support and allows the bases to project
outwards.

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Double-Helix Structure of DNA

Double Helix
DNA consists of two antiparallel polynucleotide chains that twist around each other
1 to form a double helix.

Base Pairing
The nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) pair
2
specifically: adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine, forming
hydrogen bonds.

Antiparallel Strands
3 The two strands run in opposite directions, with one strand
having a 5' to 3' direction, and the other a 3' to 5' direction.

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Key Differences Between DNA and RNA
DNA RNA

• Deoxyribose sugar • Ribose sugar

• Double-stranded helix • Single-stranded

• Contains thymine • Contains uracil

• Genetic blueprint • Protein synthesis

• Located in the nucleus • Located in the nucleus and cytoplasm

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Roles of DNA and RNA in Genetic Information
DNA: The Master Blueprint
1 DNA serves as the genetic blueprint, containing the instructions for building and maintaining an
organism.

RNA: The Messenger and Worker


2 RNA acts as an intermediary, carrying genetic information from DNA to
ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.

Proteins: The Workhorses


3 Proteins, assembled according to the instructions encoded
in DNA, carry out a wide range of functions within the cell.

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DNA Replication and
Transcription
Replication
DNA replicates before cell division, ensuring that each new
cell receives a complete copy of the genome.

Transcription
Transcription involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule
using DNA as a template. This mRNA carries the genetic
code from DNA to ribosomes.

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RNA Translation and Protein Synthesis

Translation
Translation converts the mRNA code into a sequence of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. This process is facilitat ed
by tRNA molecules.

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Applications and Importance of
DNA and RNA

1 2
Genetic Testing Gene Therapy
DNA analysis is used for diagnosing RNA-based therapies, such as mRNA
genetic disorders, identifying disease vaccines, are being developed to treat a
risk, and determining ancestry. variety of diseases.

3 4
Forensic Science Agriculture
DNA fingerprinting is a powerful tool for Genetic modification of crops using DNA
identifying individuals and solving technology has led to improved yields
crimes. and pest resistance.
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