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UNIT-II SET in python

Sets in python

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Raja shree
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6 views

UNIT-II SET in python

Sets in python

Uploaded by

Raja shree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SET

In Python, a set is a built-in data type that represents an unordered collection of unique items. Sets
are useful for storing multiple items in a single variable and performing operations like union,
intersection, and difference. Here’s a quick overview of how to work with sets in Python:

Creating a Set

We can create a set using curly braces `{}` or the `set()` function.

# Using curly braces

my_set = {1, 2, 3}

# Using the set() function

my_set_from_list = set([1, 2, 2, 3]) # Duplicates are removed

OUTPUT

{1, 2, 3}

Basic Operations

Add an Element:

Useadd()

my_set.add(4) # my_set is now {1, 2, 3, 4}

Remove an Element:

Use remove() or discard()

my_set.remove(2) # Raises KeyError if 2 is not present

my_set.discard(3) # Does not raise an error if 3 is not present

Check Membership:

Use the in keyword

if 1 in my_set:

print("1 is in the set")

Set Operations

Union:

Combine two sets using `|` or the `union()` method


set_a = {1, 2, 3}

set_b = {3, 4, 5}

union_set = set_a | set_b # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Intersection:

Find common elements using &or the intersection() method

intersection_set = set_a & set_b # {3}

Difference:

Find elements in one set that are not in the other using `-` or the `difference()` method

difference_set = set_a - set_b # {1, 2}

Symmetric Difference:

Find elements in either set but not in both using `^` or the `symmetric_difference()` method

symmetric_diff_set = set_a ^ set_b # {1, 2, 4, 5}

Other Useful Methods

Length:

Use len()

print(len(my_set)) # Number of elements in the set

Clear:

Remove all elements from the set

my_set.clear() # my_set is now an empty set

Important Notes

- Sets do not allow duplicate elements.

- Sets are unordered, meaning the elements do not have a defined order.

- The elements of a set must be immutable (e.g., numbers, strings, tuples).

Example

Here’s a simple example that puts everything together:

Create a set

fruits = {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}

Add a fruit

fruits.add('grape')
# Remove a fruit

fruits.discard('banana')

# Check membership

if 'apple' in fruits:

print("Apple is in the set.")

# Perform set operations (Union)

citrus = {'orange', 'lemon', 'lime'}

all_fruits = fruits | citrus # Union

print(all_fruits) # Output: {'apple', 'grape', 'orange', 'lemon', 'lime'}

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