UYÊN:​ ​CHAPTER 1 + 1,2,3: CHAPTER 2

~CHAPTER 1~
Câu 1 (Chapter 1).​ Explain the parts of an information system. What part do people
play in this system?
*Parts of an information system:
❖ People:
➢ End users who use computers
➢ Most important part of any system
➢ Direct contact, indirect contact

❖ Software (Another name for program):

➢ There are 2 major kinds of software:
■ System Software (used by computers)
● Enables application software to interact with the
computer hardware
● Background software helps manage resources
● Collection of system programs: operating systems,
utilities, device drivers
■ Application software (you use)
● End-user software
● Types of application software
◆ General-Purpose applications: Browsers,
Word Processor
◆ Specialized applications: web authoring
◆ Apps: social media apps
➢ The purpose of software: convert data into information

❖ Hardware
➢ Supercomputers: most powerful computer
➢ Mainframe computers: Process large amounts of data
➢ Midrange computers: servers
➢ Personal computers: PCs, Five types of PCs
■ Four basic categories of equipment: system unit,
input/output, secondary storage, communications

❖ Procedures

❖ Data
➢ Raw, unprocessed facts
➢ Processed data becomes information
➢ Digital data is stored electronically in files
 ➢ 4 common types of files: document, worksheet, database,
presentation

❖ The Internet

Câu 2 (Chapter 1). ​What is system software? What kinds of programs are included
in system software?
● System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a
computer’s hardware and ​application programs​.
● Programs included in system software:
○ operating system
○ database management systems
○ networking software
○ translators
○ software utilities.

Câu 3 (Chapter 1). ​ ​Define and compare general-purpose applications, specialized

applications and apps. Describe some different types of general-purpose
applications. Describe some types of specialized applications.

➢ ​Define and compare general-purpose applications, specialized applications

and apps: ​application software can be categorized into two types as Basic
application software and specialized application software
○ Basic applications: This software’s are meant to be used for more than
one application or nearly in all career areas. They can solve the variety
of user related computing problem. The solution for multiple problems
can be solved through general purpose or basic software applications.
■ For example: programs like word processor, spreadsheets,
browsers and presentation graphics.
○ Specialized applications: As the name suggests these are the
software’s generally used for intended purpose. These software’s can
only be used for the purpose the build for. They can’t be used for
generalized purpose and are meant only for the specific disciplines or
occupations.
■ For example: artificial intelligence programs, cell phone apps,
multimedia and a general account ledger which is used by the
accountants for managing accounts.
➢ Some different types of general-purpose applications: ​word processors,
spreadsheets, databases, desktop publishing packages, graphics packages,...
➢ Some types of specialized applications: artificial intelligence programs, cell
phone apps, multimedia and a general account ledger which is used by the
accountants for managing accounts.
Câu 4 (Chapter 1).​ ​Describe the different types of computers. What is the most
common type? What are the types of personal computers?
● Different types of computers:
○ Supercomputers: most powerful computer
○ Mainframe computers: Process large amounts of data
○ Midrange computers: servers
○ Personal computers: PCs, Five types of PCs
■ Four basic categories of equipment: system unit, input/output,
secondary storage, communications

● The most common type of computer is personal computers

● The types of personal computers:
○ Desktop
○ Laptop (Notebook)
○ Tablet
○ Smartphones
○ Wearables

Câu 5 (Chapter 1).​ What is connectivity? What is a computer network? What are the
Internet and the Web? What is cloud computing, the wireless revolution and IoT?
Connectivity is the share of information
➢ A computer network​ is a group of ​computers​ that use a set of common
communication protocols​ over ​digital​ interconnections for the purpose of
sharing resources located on or provided by the ​network nodes​.
➢ The Internet is a global network of networks while the Web, also referred
formally as World Wide Web (www) is collection of information which is
accessed via the Internet. Another way to look at this difference is; the
Internet is infrastructure while the Web is service on top of that infrastructure.
➢ Cloud computing ​is the on-demand availability of computer system resources,
especially data storage (​cloud​ storage) and ​computing​ power, without direct
active management by the user.
➢ The Internet of things (IoT) ​describes the network of physical
objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other
technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other
devices and systems over the ​Internet​.

~CHAPTER 2~
Câu 1 (chapter 2).​ Discuss the Internet, including their origins, the three generations
of the web and the most common uses.
● Discuss the Internet:
 - The Internet (key term) is the most developed network system currently in
use; connects people all over the world
- The Internet originally started in 1969 when US funded a research project
(ARPANET—Advanced Research Project Agency Network)

● Three generations of the web:

- Web 1.0 (key term) – linking existing information
- Web 2.0 (key term) – more dynamic content creation and social interaction
(Facebook)
- Web 3.0 (key term) – computer-generated information requiring less human
interaction

● Most common Internet applications

- Communicating – most popular Internet activity. Exchange e-mail, photos,
videos
- Shopping – fastest-growing applications
Câu 2 (Chapter 2).​ Describe how to access the Internet. What are the providers?
Define browsers and discuss URLs, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, AJAX, applets, and
mobile browsers.
● How to access the Internet: The common way to access the Internet is
through a provider or host computer
● Internet access providers:
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs) (key term) - already connected to the
Internet -- furnish a pathway for other users
- Most commonly used ISPs use telephone lines, cable (key term) and / or
wireless connections
- Typical providers include:
○ Verizon, Comcast, Sprint, T-Mobile and AT&T
● Define browsers and discuss URLs, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, AJAX, applets,
and mobile browsers.
○ Browsers (key term) allow you to explore the web
○ Use URL (uniform resource locator) (Key Term) to connect to other
resources. URL is the address (key term) and contains two parts.
○ Browsers Interpret the HTML (key term) codes and formatting
instructions and displays the page
○ Cascading Style Sheets (key term) – files referenced that control the
appearance of a web page giving them a consistent look for
presentation.
○ JavaScript (key term) – language used with HTML documents to trigger
interactive features such as opening a new browser
○ AJAX (key term) – (Asynchronous Javascript and XML) JavaScript
used to create interactive websites that respond quickly.
○ Applets (key term) – used to present animation, display graphics,
provide interactive games
○ Mobile Browsers (key term) – designed to run on portable devices.
Contain special navigational tools for convenience to pinch and stretch
Câu 3 (Chapter 2). ​What are Web utilities? Discuss plug-ins, filters, file transfer
utilities, and Internet security suites.
● Web utilities:
- Web utilities (key term) are specialized utility programs that make using the
Internet and web easier and safer
- The utilities we will discuss are:
+ Plug-ins – The graphic on this slide is from Apple. It is QuickTime for
playing audio and video files.
+ Filters
+ File Transfer Utilities
+ Internet Security Suites
● Discuss plug-ins, filters, file transfer utilities, and Internet security suites.
- Plug-ins (key term) – programs that start automatically and operate as part of
your Browser

+ Adobe Reader from Adobe – pdf – viewing and printing a variety of standard
forms and other documents
+ Flash Player from Adobe – viewing videos, animations and other media
+ QuickTime from Apple – playing audio and video files
+ Windows Media Player – playing audio files, video files and much more

- Filters (key term) – block access to selected sites. Filters can also monitor use
and generate reports detailing the total time spent on the Internet and specific
sites.

+ Best know filters

➔ AVG Family Safety
➔ Qustodio Parental Control
➔ McAfee Family Protection

- File transfer utilities Also referred to as downloading (key term) – receiving a

file from the Internet and uploading (key term) copying a file to the Internet
+ File Transfer Protocol (key term) and Secure File Transfer Protocol (key term)
(FTP & SFTP)
➔ copy files from your computer to the internet
➔ used for uploading changes to a website
+ Web-based file transfer services (key term): uses web browser to upload and
download files

- Internet Security Suites (Key Term) – collection of utility programs designed to

maintain your security and privacy while you are on the Web
+ Suites Are the most cost efficient way to go instead of buying each
component separately.

+ McAfee Internet Security

+ Symantec Norton Internet Security
KIM:​ 4,5,6,7,8: CHAPTER 2 + 1,2: CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 2:
4) Discuss Internet communications, including client-based and web-based
email, instant and text messaging, social networking, blogs, microblogs,
webcasts, podcasts, and wikis.
● Communication is the most popular Internet activity
● E-mail
❖ Transmission of electronic messages over the Internet
❖ Three elements
- Header: Address, Subject, Attachments
- ​Message
- ​Signature
● Client-based
❖ E-mail Client: Must be installed on computer
➔ Apple mail
➔ Microsoft outlook
● Web-based
● Webmail client: No installation necessary
➔ Google’s Gmail
➔ Microsoft’s Hotmail
➔ Yahoo!’s Yahoo!mail
● Messaging
❖ Text messaging / texting
➔ SMS (short message service): Short electronic message
● Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
❖ Send: Images, videos, sounds
● Instant messaging
❖ Extension of email that provides direct, live communication between
two or more people
➔ Most programs include video conferencing features, file sharing
and remote assistance
➔ Facebook Messenger
➔ Google Hangouts
● Social networking
 ❖ Connecting people and organizations that share a common interest or
activity
❖ Three most popular:
➔ Facebook:Facebook Profiles, Facebook Pages, Facebook
groups
➔ Google: Circles, Hangouts
➔ LinkedIn: Business-oriented
● Blogs, Microblogs
❖ Web logs or blogs
➔ Personal news pages
➔ Date/time-stamped
➔ Arranged with the most recent items shown first
❖ Microblogs
➔ Short status updates
➔ Most common is Twitter: Tweets are Twitter messages
● Webcasts, Podcasts, and Wikis
❖ Webcast:
➔ Streaming technology for live broadcast of audio and video
➔ No files after streaming ends
❖ Podcast
➔ Must download files to use
➔ Can transfer to media player
❖ Wiki
➔ Specially designed Web site
➔ Allows visitors to edit the contents
➔ Supports collaborative writing

5) Define search tools including search services. Discuss search engines and
specialized search engines. Describe how to evaluate the content of a web
site.

● Search tools
❖ Search Services
➔ Operate websites
➔ Spiders: Look for new information and update websites
❖ Search Engines: Assist in locating specific information
❖ Specialized Search Engines
➔ Focus on subject specific websites
● Content Evaluation
❖ Not everything on the Internet is accurate
➔ Authority, Accuracy, Objectivity, Currency

6) Describe electronic commerce, including business-to-consumer,

consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-business e-commerce, and security
 ● Electronic commerce
❖ E-commerce
❖ Buying and selling of goods over the internet
❖ Three basic types
➔ Business-to-consumer (B2C)
➔ Consumer-to consumer (C2C)
➔ Business-to-business (B2B)
● Business to Consumer (B2C)
❖ Sale of product or service to general public
❖ Fastest growing type of e-commerce
❖ Three most widely used B2C applications:
➔ Online banking
➔ Financial trading
➔ Shopping: Amazon.com is one of the most widely use B2C sites
● Consumer to consumer (C2C)
❖ Individual to individual
❖ Web auctions
➔ Buyers and sellers seldom meet
➔ Bids are submitted electronically
➔ Person-to-person auction sites
● Business to business (B2B)
❖ Sale of a product or service from one business to another
❖ Primarily a manufacturer supplier relationship
● Security
❖ Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and secure
➔ Provide a convenient way to submit buyers information
❖ Two options
➔ Credit card: Fast and convenient
➔ Digital cash
➢ Internet’s equivalent to traditional cash
➢ Converts digital cash to currency through 3​rd​ party
7) ​ ​What is cloud computing? Describe the three basic components of
cloud computing.
● Shifts computing activities from users’ computers to computers on the Internet
● Frees end-users from owning, maintaining, and storing software programs
and data
● Three basic components:
❖ Clients (end-users)
❖ Service providers
❖ The Internet
8) Discuss the Internet of Things. Describe how Fitbit and Apple’s Health App
are examples of how an IoT device can interact with a Web 3.0 application.
● Internet of Things
 ❖ Continuing development of the Internet
❖ Allows objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive
data
➔ Smartphones
➔ Wearable devices
❖ Uses Web 3.0 Applications
● The Fitbit and Apple's Health App are examples of how an IoT device
can interact with a Web 3.0 application​ because Apple's Health App can
access the Fitbit data to use it to combine with other health date and report it
back to the smartphone

CHAPTER 3:
1)​ ​Explain the difference between general-purpose and specialized
applications. Also discuss the common features of application programs,
including those with traditional and ribbon graphical user interfaces.

● The difference between general-purpose and specialized applications.

○ The general purpose applications include: word processors,
spreadsheets, presentation graphics, and database management systems
○ The specialized application are programs that focused on specific
disciplines and occupations
● The common features of application programs
- Graphical User Interface (GUI) consists of:
● Icons
● Pointer
● Windows
● Menus
● Toolbars: Buttons
● Dialog Boxes
- Ribbon GUI
■ Ribbons
■ Tags
+ Groups
+ Contextual tabs
■ Galleries
- Spell checkers
- Alignment
- Font and font sizes
- Tables
- Reports
2) Discuss general-purpose applications including word processors,
spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics.
● General Purpose Applications
❖ Word processor programs
❖ Spreadsheet programs
❖ Presentation graphics programs
❖ Database management systems
● Word processors
❖ Create text-based documents
➔ Memos, letters, and faxes
➔ Newsletters, manuals, and brochures
❖ Word processing programs
➔ Microsoft Word: most popular
➔ Apple Pages
➔ Google Docs
➔ Corel WordPerfect
➔ OpenOffice Writer
● Spreadsheets
❖ Organize, analyze, and graph numeric data
❖ Spreadsheet programs
➔ Microsoft Excel: Most widely used
➔ Apple Numbers
➔ OpenOffice Calc
➔ Corel Quattro Pro
➔ Google Sheets
● Database Management Systems (DBMS)
❖ A collection of related data
❖ Electronic equivalent of a file cabinet
❖ Two most widely used systems
➔ Microsoft Access
➔ OpenOffice Base
➔ Apple FileMaker
➔ Google Obvibase
● Presentation Graphics
❖ Combine a variety of visual objects to create visually interesting
presentations
❖ Presentation programs
➔ Microsoft PowerPoint
➔ OpenOffice Impress
➔ Apple Keynote
➔ Google Slides
➔ Corel Presentations
VÂN ANH:​ ​3,4,5: CHAPTER 3 + 1,2,3,4: CHAPTER 4
3) (Chapter 3) ​Discuss specialized applications, including graphics programs, video game
design software, web authoring programs, and other professional specialized applications
● Specialized applications:
- Programs that more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and
occupations
- Includes:
+ Graphic Programs
+ Web Authoring Programs

● Graphics Programs:
- Widely used in graphic arts
- Types of graphics programs are:
+ Desktop Publishing Programs
+ Image Editing Programs
+ Illustration Programs
+ Image Galleries

● Video Game Design Software:

- Video Game Design Software helps
+ Organize thoughts
+ Guide user through game design process
- Character development
- Environmental design
- Free / inexpensive video game design software
+ YoYo GameMaker
+ Stencyl
+ Unity

● Web Authoring Programs

- Web authoring is the creation of a site
+ Design
+ Document file displaying website’s content

- Blog
+ Online diary/commentaries
- Web Authoring Programs
+ Typically used to create commercial sites
+ Web page editors or HTML editors
+ WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get)
- Most widely used programs
+ Adobe Dreamweaver
+ Microsoft Expression Web

4) (Chapter 3) ​Describe mobile apps, including popular apps and app stores​.
● Mobile apps:
 -Mobile Applications or Mobile Apps
+ Add-on programs for a variety of mobile devices
+ Smartphones or tables
- Apps
+ Breadth and scope are ever-expanding
+ 500,000 just for iPhone
+ Music videos, social networking, shopping, games
● App stores:
- Provides access to mobile apps for downloads
- Apple’s App Store
+ Apple Devices
+ www.apple​.com/itunes/charts
- Google Play
+ Android Devices
+ Play.google.com/store/apps
- Appszoom
+ Android and Apple Devices
+ www.appszoom.com

5) (Chapter 3) ​Describe software suites, including office suites, cloud suites,

specialized suites, and utility suites.
● Software suites:
- Collection of separate application programs
+ Bundled together - sold as group
- Four types of suites
1. Office suites of office software suite / productivity suites
+ Microsoft Office
+ Apple iWork, OpenOffice
2. Cloud suites or online office suites
+ Google Docs (Making IT Work for you), Zoho, Microsoft
Office 365
● Specialized suites:
- Focus on specific applications
+ CorelDraw Graphics Suite X6
+ Money Free Software TOTAL Planning Suite
● Utility suites
- Designed to make computing easier and safer
+ Norton Systems Works
+ Norton Internet Security suite

1) ( Chapter 4) Describe system software. Discuss each of the four types of

system programs.
● System Software:
- Works with end users, application software, and computer
hardware
+ Handles the technical details
+ Includes
 + operating system
+ utilities
+ device drivers
+ language translators
● Operating system:
- A collection of programs that handle technical tasks
- Functions
+ Manages computer resources
+ Coordinate memory, processing, storage, printers and monitors
+ Monitor system performance
+ Schedule tasks
+ Provide security
+ Start-up the computer
- Provides user interface
+ Graphical user interface (GUI)
- Runs applications
+ Multitasking
+ Foreground and background applications

● Utilities:
- Specialized programs to make computing easier
- Most essential utilities
○ Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs
■ Recognizes and correct problems
○ Antivirus programs
■ Guard your computer against viruses
○ Backup programs
■ Copies of files to restore if necessary
○ File compression programs
■ Reduces the size of files for more efficient storage

● Device drivers:
-​programs that allow devices to communicate with the computer
system.
● Language translators:
- a software that can automatically translate one language a user can’t
read, to one that they can read.

2) (Chapter 4) Define operating systems. Describe the basic features and

the three categories of operating systems.
● Operating systems:
- Operating systems (key term) collection of programs that handle
technical tasks
- Sometimes referred to as software environment or platform
● Basic features:
- Booting – starting or restarting the computer
- Features in common with application software
○ Icons
 ○ Pointer
○ Windows
○ Menus
○ Tabs
○ Dialog boxes
○ Help
○ Gesture Control
- Files and Folders
○ Files share data and programs
○ Folders store related files

● Categories of operating systems:

- Three basic categories:
○ Embedded operating systems – RTOS (real-time operating systems)
■ Smartphones
■ Smartwatches
■ Video game systems
○ Stand-alone operating systems
■ Also called desktop operating system
○ Network operating systems​ ​(linked computers)
■ Windows Server, Linux, Unix
■ OS stored on network server which coordinates all
communication between the other computers

3) (Chapter 4) What are mobile operating systems? Describe leading

mobile operating systems.
● Mobile Operating Systems:
- Mobile OS
- Embedded operating system
+ Less complicated and more specialized for
wireless
- Some of the best known
+ Android
+ iOS
+ Windows Phone

● Mobile operating systems (key term) also known as mobile OS (key term) are
embedded OS that are less complicated and more specialized for wireless
technology

4) (Chapter 4) What are desktop operating systems? Compare

Windows, Mac OS, Linux and Chrome OS. Discuss virtualization.
● Desktop Operating Systems:
- Operating systems commonly used by individuals
○ Windows – most widely used
○ Mac OS – powerful and easy to use
 ○ UNIX – network; originally designed for Web
○ LINUX – non proprietary; free from the Web

● Compare Windows, Mac OS, Linux and Chrome OS.

- Windows​:
+ Windows (key term) most widely used microcomputer
+ Windows 8 (key term) – integrated desktop and mobile
+ Windows 10 (key term) runs on all Windows devices

- Mac OS​:
- Mac OS X runs on Apple computers
- Two most recent versions:
- OS X Mavericks
- Improved power management
- OS X Yosemite
- New user interface

- ​Linux​:
- LINUX - version of UNIX
⚫ Alternative to windows
⚫ Open source - free
⚫ Google Chrome OS based on Linux
⚫ Focuses on Internet connectivity and cloud computing

⚫ Speed is determined by the speed of the Internet

● Virtualization:

- Ability to support multiple operating systems on a single physical machine

- Virtualization software
- Each virtual machine appears as a separate independent computer
+ Host operating system
+ Guest operating system
- Parallels
+ Mac to run Windows programs in OS X

SANG:​ ​5: CHAPTER 4 + 1,2,3,4,5,6: CHAPTER 5

5. (chap 4):​ ​Discuss utilities. What are the most essential utilities? What is a utility
suite?
Most essential utilities:
● Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs
○ Recognizes and correct problems
● Antivirus programs
○ Guard your computer against viruses
 ● Backup programs
○ Copies of files to restore if necessary
● File compression programs
○ Reduces the size of files for more efficient storage
Utility suite:​ Specialized programs to make computing easier
1. (chap 5): ​Describe the five most common types of personal computers.
1. Desktops
● System unit is in a separate case
○ Tower Units
○ All-in-Ones
■ All components including monitor
2. Laptops
● Portable and much smaller
○ Ultrabooks – laptop and tablet in one
○ Gaming – high end graphics
3. Tablets
● Mini tablet
4. Smartphone
● Most popular device – handheld computer
● Extend the capabilities of cell phones
5. Wearables
● Contain embedded computers
2. (chap 5):​ ​Describe system boards including sockets, chips, chip carriers, slots,
and bus lines.
Sockets and chips
● Sockets – the connection point for chips
● Chips
○ Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon
○ Also called silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit
○ Mounted on chip carriers
Slots and bus lines
● Slots
○ Provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards
○ Provide expansion capabilities for the computer
● Bus lines
○ Connecting lines that provide pathways to support communication
among electronic components
3. (chap 5): ​Discuss microprocessor components, chips, and specialty processors.
Microprocessor
● Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor
○ Contained on a single chip call a Microprocessor
○ Brains of the computer
● Two Basic Components of the CPU
 ○ Control unit
■ Tells the computer system how to carry out a program’s
instruction
○ Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
■ Performs arithmetic and logical operations
Microprocessor Chips
● Chip capacities are expressed in word size
○ Word is the number of bits that can be processed at one time: 16, 32 or
64
● Clock Speed
○ Processing speed or the number of times the CPU fetches and
processes data or instructions in a second
Multicore Chips
● Multicore Processors
○ Two or more separate and independent CPUs within a system unit
■ Quad-core supports 4 core processes
● Parallel Processing
○ Computer’s ability to divided tasks into parts that can be distributed
across each core
○ Windows 8 and Mac OS X support parallel processing
Specialty Processors
● Coprocessors
○ Designed to improve specific computing operations
○ Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) / Graphics coprocessors
○ Designed to handle a variety of specialized tasks
■ 3D images
■ Encrypting data
■ Standard features in gaming computers
4. (chap 5): ​Define computer memory including RAM, ROM, and flash memory.
RAM
● Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold programs and data that the CPU
is presently processing
○ Volatile or temporary – contents are lost when computer is powered off
● Cache memory – temporary, high-speed holding area between the memory
and CPU
○ Additional RAM can be added using an expansion module called a
DIMM (Dual in-line memory module)
● Virtual Memory
○ Dividing a program between memory and storage enabling the system
to run very large programs
● Memory is expressed in bytes
ROM
● Read-only memory (ROM)
 ○ Information stored by the manufacturer
○ Non-volatile and cannot be changed
● CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs in ROM but the computer
cannot change ROM
● Contain special instructions
○ Start the computer
○ Access memory
○ Handle keyboard input
Flash Memory
● Flash memory combines of the features of:
○ RAM, it can be updated
○ ROM, it is non-volatile
○ Contains startup information
■ BIOS (basic input/output system)
■ Amount of RAM
■ Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices
connected
Many ROM chips are being replaced by flash memory
5. (chap 5): ​Define expansion slots, cards, including graphics cards, network
interface cards, wireless network cards, and SD cards.
Expansion Slots and Cards
● Graphics cards for high quality 3D graphics
● Network interface cards (NIC) connect devices to networks via cables
● Wireless network cards connect devices to networks without cables
● SD cards
○ Expansion cards for mobile devices
6. (chap 5): ​Describe bus lines, bus width, system bus, and expansion bus
Bus Lines / Bus
Connect parts of the CPU to each other and various other components on the
system board
● Pathway for bits representing data and instructions
● Bus width
○ Number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus
● Architecture and design are tied to the speed and power for the computer
● Two basic categories of buses
○ System bus – connects CPU to memory
○ Expansion bus – connects CPU to other components
Expansion Buses
● Universal Serial Bus (USB)
○ Connects external USB devices onto the USB bus
● FireWire
○ Primarily used to connect audio and video equipment to the system
board
 ● PCI Express (PCIe)
○ Single dedicated path for each connected device

MY:​ 7, ​8, 9: CHAPTER 5 + 1,2,3,4,5,6: CHAPTER 6

Chapter 5: The system unit
7. Define ports including standard and specialized ports. Give examples of each.
Port:​ ​Socket for connecting external devices to the system unit
Standard ports:
⚫ USB
⚫ Keyboards, mice, printers,
storage devices
⚫ Ethernet
⚫ High speed networking
⚫ HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface
⚫ High definition video and audio
⚫ Thunderbolt
⚫ Provides high-speed connections
⚫ Can connect up to 7 separate devices through 1 port
Specialized ports:
● External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA)
○ High-speed connection for external secondary storage
● Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
○ Connect musical instruments
● Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP)
○ Connection to large monitors
● VGA & DVI
○ Connections to analog and digital monitors
● FireWire
○ High-speed connections to FireWire devices
8. Describe power supply including power supply units and AC adapters.
❖ Computers require power through direct current (DC). Desktop computers
have a power supply unit (located in the unit) that powers the whole
system. AC adapters convert the electricity current from wall outlets or
batteries.
9. Discuss electronic data and instructions.
❖ Electronic data and instructions are analog and digital electronic signals. In
order for a computer to understand analog signals, it needs to convert it to digital
signals so it can process it. Specifically, analog signal is created by voice, while
digital signals are electronic signals that a computer can recognize.

Chapter 6: Input and output

1. Define input and input devices​.
❖ Input is any data or instructions that are used by a computer. They can come directly
from you or from other sources.
❖ Input devices are hardware used to translate words, sounds, images, and actions
that people understand into a form that the system unit can process
2. Describe the different types of keyboard, pointing, scanning, image capturing, and
audio-input devices.
Variety of keyboard designs:
❖ Traditional keyboards—full-sized, rigid, rectangular keyboards that include function,
navigational, and numeric keys.
❖ Laptop keyboards – widely used on laptop computers. They typically have fewer
keys, do not include a numeric keypad, and do not have a standard location for the
function and navigation keys.
❖ Virtual keyboards – displays an image of a keyboard on a touch screen which
functions as the actual input device. Virtual keyboards are common on tablet
computers and mobile devices.
❖ Thumb keyboards – widely used on smartphones and other small portable devices.
Variety of different pointing devices:
❖ Mouse – a mouse controls a pointer that is displayed on the monitor (optical mouse,
a cordless or wireless mouse). Similar to a mouse are trackballs, touch pads, and
pointing sticks.
❖ Touch screen allows users to select actions or commands by touching the screen
with a finger or pen - like device. Multitouch screens can be touched with more than
one finger, which allows for interactions such as rotating graphical objects on the
screen with your hand or zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.
❖ Stylus - pen - like device commonly used with tablets PCs. Uses pressure to draw
images on a screen.
There are five types of scanning devices:
❖ Optical scanners – also known simply as a scanner, accept documents consisting of
text and/or images and convert them to machine-readable form. These devices do
not recognize individual letters or images. Rather, they recognize light, dark, and
colored areas that make up individual letters or images. Three basic types of optical
scanners include: flatbed, document, and portable.
❖ Card readers – interpret encoded information on some type of identification card.
Additionally, encoded information is often stored on the card as well. Two types
include: magnetic (reads magnetic strip) and radio frequency (reads RFID microchip)
card readers.
❖ Bar code readers– are used with electronic cash registers in supermarkets. Wand
readers or platform scanners read UPC codes that are used to determine product
descriptions and prices and to update inventory levels.
❖ RFID readers – radio-frequency identification tags are tiny chips that can be
embedded in most everything. They contain electronically stored information. They
are used to track and locate lost pets; to monitor production and update inventory;
and to record prices, product descriptions, and locations of retail items.
❖ Character and mark recognition devices – recognize special characters and marks.
Three basic types include: MICR (magnetic ink character recognition, read by
readers/sorters), OCR (optical character recognition), and OMR (optical mark
recognition)
 ❖ Image capturing devices – create or capture original images. These devices include
digital cameras (images downloaded to system unit for further processing and/or
printing) and digital video cameras. Webcams capture and send images over the
Internet; one design is built-in and the other is attached.
❖ Audio-input devices – convert sounds into a form that can be processed by the
system unit. By far the most used audio-input device is the microphone. Audio input
takes many forms, including the human voice and music. Voice recognition systems
use a combination of microphone, a sound card, and special software..
3. Define output and output devices.
❖ Output is processed data or information. Output typically takes the form of text,
graphics, photos, audio, and/or video.
❖ Output devices are hardware used to provide or to create output. They translate
information that has been processed by the system unit into a form that people can
understand. There are a wide range of output devices. The most widely used
monitors, printers, and audio-output devices.
4. Describe the features and different types of monitors and printers.
Monitors:​ Known as screens or display screens and present visual images of text
and graphics
❖ Output referred to as soft copy
❖ Features:
➢ Clarity
➢ Resolution/pixels
➢ Dot pitch
➢ Contrast ratios
➢ Size
➢ Aspect ratio
❖ Types of monitors:
➢ Flat-panel monitors:
■ Require less power to operate
■ Portable and thin
■ Most are backlit
■ Three types:
● Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): Older monitors
● Light Emitting Diode (LED): More advanced backlighting
■ Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED):Thin layer organic
compound that produces light
➢ Curved Monitors: Has a concave screen that provides better viewing
angles near the edges of the screen
■ Used by high-end gamers
■ Used for smart watch displays
➢ E-book Readers: E-book readers are dedicated mobile devices for
storing and displaying e-book
■ Use e-ink technology
■ Produce images that reflect light:
● Kindle
● Nook
➢ Other monitors
■ Digital/interactive whiteboards
● Connects to a computer or project
 ● Controlled using a special pen or even your finger
◆ Classrooms and corporate boardrooms
■ Ultra High-definition television (UHDTV)
● Digital output delivering a much clearer and more detailed
image that regular HDTV
■ Digital Projector
● Project the images from a traditional monitor onto a
screen or wall
Printer:
❖ Translates information that has been processed by the system unit
❖ Output referred to as hard copy
❖ Features
➢ Resolution
➢ Color
➢ Speed
➢ Memory
➢ Duplex printing
❖ Printer Types:
➢ Ink-jet printers spray ink at a high speed:Reliable, quite and
inexpensive
➢ Laser printers uses a laser light beam to produce images:
■ Fast, excellent quality
■ Personal or shared
➢ 3D Printers create 3-D shapes with a thin layer of material repeatedly
until created: Additive manufacturing
➢ Cloud printers
■ Connected to the Internet to provide services to others on the
Internet
■ Thermal printers
■ Plotters

5. Describe audio and video devices including portable media devices and Mobile
DTV..
Audio-Output Devices [I left this as this was marked to being confirmed. Is ti will be
Bluetooth?] - translate audio information from the computer into sounds that people
can
understand.
The most widely used audio-output devices are speakers and headphones.
Audio-output devices are used to play music, vocalize translations from one language
to another, and communicate information from the computer system to users.
Mobile Digital Television (Mobile DTV) – technology that supports television
broadcasting directly to smartphones, computers, and digital media players.
6. Discuss combination input and output devices including multifunctional devices,
Internet telephones, robots, and virtual reality headgear and gloves.
Combination input and output devices are hardware that combines input and output
capabilities. Some of these include multifunctional devices, Internet telephones, and robots.
❖ Multifunctional devices (MFD), - typically combine the capabilities of a scanner,
printer, fax, and copy machine into one unit
 ❖ Internet telephones are specialized input and output devices for receiving and
sending voice communication. Voice over IP (VoIP) is the transmission of telephone
calls over computer networks.

NHI​: ​6,7: CHAPTER 6 + 1,2,3,4,5,6: CHAPTER 7

CHAP 6:
Q6:​ ​Discuss combination input and output devices, including
multifunctional devices, headsets, telephones, drones, robots, and
virtual reality headgear and gloves.

● Headsets
Combine a microphone and headphones
● Multifunctional devices (MFD)
- All-in-one printers, combine the capabilities of a scanner,
printer, fax, and copy machines
● Telephones
- Known as Telephony and Internet Telephony
- Voice-over IP (VoIP)
➢ Hangouts
➢ Facetime
➢ Skype
● Drones or unarmed aerial vehicles
- Take input from a controller and send back video and sound
to the user
- Very cost effective now
● Robots
- Use microphones, cameras and other sensors as input
- Output is dependent on the use for the robot
- Assists in surgery
● Virtual reality headgear and gloves are used to create a virtual
experience.

Q7:​ D
​ efine ergonomics, describe ways to minimize physical
discomfort, and discuss design issues with portable
computers.

● Study of human factors related to things people use, used to avoid

health risks
 ● Recommendations to minimize physical discomfort:
- Eyestrain and headache – 15 minute break every hour
- Back and neck pain – make sure your equipment is
adjustable
- Use an ergonomic keyboard that have been developed to
prevent injury from heavy computer use
● Design issues:
- Laptops – raise the level of the screen with books or reams
of paper or connect an external keyboard
- Tablets – avoid tablet hunch by taking frequent breaks or
using a stand or external keyboard
- Smartphones – avoid blackberry thumb by keeping wrists
straight, head up and shoulders straight.

CHAP 7:
Q1:​ Compare primary storage and secondary storage,
and discuss the most important characteristics of
secondary storage.

● Primary storage:
- Volatile
- Temporary (​e.g., RAM)
● Secondary storage
- Nonvolatile
- Permanent
● The most important characteristics of secondary storage:
- Media or medium
Physical Material that Holds Data and Programs
- Devices
Read or Write to or from Media
- Access Speed
Time Required to Read Data and Programs
- Capacity
★ How much the media can hold
★ Writing– process of saving information to the secondary storage
device
★ Reading – process of accessing information from secondary
storage
Q2:​ Discuss hard disks including density, platters, tracks,
sectors, cylinders, head crashes, internal, external, and
performance enhancements​.

Hard disks​ save files by altering the magnetic charges of the disk’s
surface to represent 1s and 0s.
● Density​ refers to how tightly these charges can be packed next to
one another on the disk
● Platters​ – rigid metallic, stacked one on top of another
● Track​ - rings of concentric circles
● Each track is divided into wedge-shaped sections called ​sectors
● A cylinder​ runs through each track of a stack of platters
➢ Head crash​ occurs when read/write head makes contact with
surface.
➢ Internal
- Located inside the system unit
- Used to store programs and data files
- You should perform routine maintenance and periodically
backup all important files
➢ External
- Removable
- Used to complement internal hard disk

➢ Performance Enhancements
❖ Disk caching (key term)
• Uses hardware and software to anticipate data needs; performs
function similar to RAM caching; improves processing by acting as a
temporary high-speed holding area between a secondary storage
device (Key Term) and the CPU
• Frequently used data is stored in memory; when needed, the
access time is much faster

❖ Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) (key term)

• Groups of low cost hard-disk drives grouped together using
networks and special software
• Performs as a single large-capacity disk; but faster than a single
 disk of comparable size
• Often used by Internet servers and large organizations

❖ File compression (key term) and decompression (key term)

• Increase storage capacity
• Increase speed in file transfers
• Reduce space required for storage
• WinZip is a well-known program, and you can also use utility
programs in Windows.
• Supported by both Mac and Windows

Q3:​ D
​ iscuss solid-state storage including solid-state drives, flash
memory, and USB drives.

Solid–state devices (SSDs) have no moving parts

● Solid-state drives
- Faster and more durable than hard disks
- Used for tablets, smartphones
- More expensive and have a lower capacity than hard drives
- Require less power

● Flash memory cards

- Widely used in laptops, smartphones, GPS navigation
systems

● USB Drives (or Flash Drives)

- Connect to USB port
- Capacity of 1 GB to 256 GB
- Portable

Q4:​ Discuss optical disks including pits, lands, CDs, DVDs,

Blu-ray, and hi def.

Optical discs use a laser beam to alter the surface of the disc to
represent data.
● Lands represent 1s and 0s on the disc
 ● Pits are bumpy areas on the disc that, when light is reflected,
determine the 1s and 0s
● CD (Compact Disc): 700MB
● DVD (Digital Video Disc) / BD (Blu-ray Disc)
➢ Two Sides Can be Used
➢ Two Layers of Pits Can be Used ​(Lower Layer is
Semitransparent)

Q5:​ Discuss cloud computing and cloud storage.

Cloud computing​ is where the computer acts like a “cloud” of

servers supply applications to clients
- Provide storage, processing, and memory to users
- Internet Service
- The applications and data can be accessed from any
Internet-ready device.

● Benefits / Advantages
- Maintenance
- Hardware upgrades
- File sharing and collaboration - users can share and collaborate
with anywhere with an Internet connection

● Disadvantages
- Access speed - transfer rate is dependent upon your Internet
connection
- File Security – may not be as effective as your personal file
security

Q6:​ Describe mass storage devices including enterprise

storage systems, file servers, network attached storage,
RAID systems, organizational cloud storage, and storage
area network systems.
Mass storage device​s are designed to meet the demands for a
tremendous amount of mass storage.

● Enterprise storage system

- Safe use of data across an organizational network
● Devices include:
- File servers: ​large storage capacity
- Networked attached storage (NAS): ​simpler than a file server and
less expensive
- RAID systems: ​used to enhance organizational security by making
backup copies of files
- Organizational cloud storage
★ high speed Internet connection
★ where facilities contain banks of file servers
● Storage Area Network (SAN): ​an architecture to link remote
computer storage devices
➢ User’s Computer Provides File System
➢ SAN Provides Disk Space
➢ Requires
- High-speed Network
- Special File System

thứ 6 đọc cuốn vàng, mang theo để kiểm tra môn triết