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PROBLEMS ON NUMBERS

1. Three-fourth of a number exceeds its one-third by 60. The number is:

(a) 108 (b) 144 (c) 184 (d) 224
Let the number be x. Then (3/4) x – (1/3) x = 60.
LCM of 4 and 3 is 12. Then, it becomes 9x – 4x = 60 x 12
5x = 720. This implies x = (720/5) = 144
2. A number whose fifth part increased by 4 is equal to its fourth part
reduced by 10, is:
(a) 240 (b) 260 (c) 280 (d) 300
Let the number be x. Then (x/5) + 4 = (x/4) – 10. This implies (x/4) – (x/5)
= 4 + 10.
LCM of 4 and 5 is 20. Then it becomes 5x – 4x = 14 x 20. Therefore x =
280
3. Three numbers are in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 6 and their product is 1944. The
largest of these numbers is:
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 18
(d) 24
Let the numbers be 3x, 4x and 6x. Then (3x)(4x)(6x) = 1944.
(x3) = (1944 / 72) or (x3) = 27 or x = 3. Therefore, largest number = 6x = 6
x 3 = 18
4. The sum of three numbers is 264. If the first number be twice the second
and third number be one-third of the first, then the second number is:
(a) 48 (b) 54 (c) 72
(d) 84
Let the numbers be 2x, x and (2x/3). Then 2x + x + (2x / 3) = 264
or 6x + 3x + 2x = 264 x 3 or 11x = 264 x 3 or x = 72. Therefore, second
number = x = 72
Short-Cut Method: Let the second number be 3x. (NOTE: TO AVOID
FRACTIONS)
First number = 2(3x) = 6x and Third number = (1/3)(6x) = 2x.
Their sum = 264. Means 6x + 3x + 2x = 264 or 11x = 264 or x = 24.
Therefore second number = 3x = 3 x 24 = 72
5. The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by
interchanging the digits is 27. What is the difference between the digits
of the number?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 9
Let the ten’s digit be x and unit’s digit be y.

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Then the unknown two digit number becomes 10x + y. Now (10x + y) –
(10y + x) = 27
or 9x – 9y = 27 or 9(x – y) = 27 or (x – y) = 3
6. Two numbers are such that the ratio between them is 4 : 7. If each is
increased by 4, the ratio becomes 3 : 5. The largest number is:
(a) 36 (b) 48 (c) 56
(d) 64
Let the numbers be 4x and 7x. Then (4x + 4) / (7x + 4) = (3/5) or 5(4x +
4) = 3(7x + 4)
or 21x – 20x = 20 – 12 or x = 8. Therefore largest number = 7x = 7 x 8 =
56
Short-Cut Method: In the given ratio 4 : 7, the larger number is 7. Among
the given 4 options only option c (56) is divisible by 7. Hence, largest
number is 56
7. The denominator of a fraction is 3 more than the numerator. If 4 is added
to both the numerator and the denominator, the fraction becomes (4/5).
The fraction is:
(a) (5/8) (b) (7/10) (c) (8/11) (d)
(10/13)
Let the fraction be x / (x + 3). Now (x + 4) / (x + 3 + 4) = (4/5) or 5(x + 4)
= 4(x + 7)
or 5x – 4x = 28 – 20 or x = 8. Therefore numerator (x) = 8 and
denominator = x + 3 = 8 + 3 = 11. Hence the fraction is (8/11)
8. Of the three numbers, the sum of the first two is 45; the sum of the
second and the third is 55 and the sum of the third and thrice the first is
90. The third number is:
(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 30
(d) 35
Let the numbers be x, y and z. Then x + y = 45, y + z = 55 and z + 3x =
90.
By adding all, we get 4x + 2y + 2z = 90 + 55 + 45 or 2(2x + y + z) = 190
or 2x + y + z = (190/2) = 95 or 2x + 55 = 95 or 2x = 40 or x = 20.
By introducing x value in z + 3x = 9o we get z + 3(20) = 90 or z = 30
9. The value 2430 has been divided into three parts such that half of the
first part, one-third of the second part and one-fourth of the third part
are equal. The largest part is:
(a) 740 (b) 860 (c) 920 (d) 1080
Let (A/2) = (B/3) = (C/4) = x. This implies A = 2x, B = 3x and C = 4x.
By adding all we get 9x = 2430 (given) or x = (2430/9) = 270.
Hence largest part = 4x = 4 x 270 = 1080

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10. The sum of two numbers is twice their difference. If one of the
numbers is 10, the other one is:
(a) 30 or (10/3) (b) 30 or –(10/3) (c) 30
(d) (10/3)
Let the numbers be x and y. Then x + y = 2(x – y) or x + y = 2x – 2y or x =
3y.
Here we consider two cases: If y = 10, x becomes 30 (or) if x = 10, y
becomes (10/3).
Therefore the answer is 30 or (10/3)
11. If a number is subtracted from the square of its one-half, the result
is 48. The square root of the number is:
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 4
(x/2) – x = 48 implies (x /4) – x = 48 implies x – 4x – 192 = 0.
2 2 2

(x – 16)(x + 12) = 0 or x = 16 implies √16 = 4.

PROBLEMS ON NUMBERS – COMPANY QUESTIONS

12. Which of the following can be a product of two 3-digit numbers * * 3

and * * 8?
(a) 1010024 (b) 991014 (c) 9124
(d) None
When two 3-digit numbers are multiplied, the product carries a 5-digit
number or 6- digit number.
Ex: (103 x 108) = 11124 (minimum value and 5 –digit number)
(993 x 998) = 991014 (maximum value and 6 –digit number)
13. A bag contains 20 gumballs. If there are 8 red, 7 white and 5 green,
what is the minimum number of gumballs one must pick from the bag to
be assured of one of each colour?
(a) 3 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d)
16

14. Gasoline varies in cost from $1.92 to $2.24 per gallon. If a car’s
mileage varies from 16 to 24 miles per gallon, what is the difference
between the most and the least that the gasoline for a 480-mile trip will
cost?
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(a) $10.24 (b) $14.08 (c) 23.04 (d)
$28.80
Maximum Cost = (Trip /Less mileage) x High price = (480/16) x 2.24 = 30
x 2.24 = $67.20
Minimum Cost = (Trip/More mileage) x Low price = (480/24) x 1.92 = 20 x
1.92 = $38.4
Difference = 67.20 – 38.40 = $28.80
15. The sum of three numbers is 68. If the ratio between first and
second be 2 : 3 and that between second and third be 5 : 3, then the
second number is:
(a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 48
(d) 58
First ratio = 2 : 3 = 10 : 15 Second ratio = 5 : 3 = 15 : 9
Ratio = 10 : 15 : 9
Total parts must be equal to total given value. That means 34 parts = 68
Second number = 15 parts = (15 x 68)/34 = 30
16. How many figures (digits) are required to number a book containing 200
pages?
(a)200 (b) 372 (c) 492 (d)
600
Figures (digits) required = 1 (9) + 2 (90) + 3 (101) = 9 + 180 + 303 = 492
17. How many key strokes (pressings) are required to type numbers from 1 to
1000? (Company Question)

18. A number ‘a’ when divided by 75 leaves a remainder 30. What will be the
remainder if ‘5a’ is divided by 75?
(a)45 (b) 30 (c) 15 (d) 0
Minimum number for value ‘a’ = 75 + 30 = 105 5a = 5(105) =
525
When 525 divided by 75, remainder is zero.
19. In operation a* = 2a – 1 and a** = 2a + 1, then what is (9*)**?
(a)33 (b) 35 (c) 37 (d)
39
9* = 2 (9 – 1) = 17
17** = 17 (2) + 1 = 35

PREVIOUS COMPANY QUESTIONS

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20. In a group of 25 girls, it was found that everyone liked at least one
of the two brands of cola – Mr. Cola, Dr. Cola. 20 girls liked Dr. Cola, and
20 liked Mr. Cola. How many liked both the colas?
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15
(d) 20
No. of people who liked both the colas = 20 + 20 – 25 = 15
21. In a hotel, 60% had vegetarian lunch while 30% had non-vegetarian
lunch and 15% had both types of lunch. If 96 people were present, how
many did not eat either lunch?
(a) 20 (b) 24 (c) 25
(d) 76
Out of 100 people, persons who take veg only = 60 – 15 = 45
Persons who take non-veg only = 30 – 15 = 15
Persons who take both veg & non-veg = 15
Persons who did not either lunch = 100 – 45 – 15 – 15 = 25
For 96 people given, who did not eat either lunch = 96(25/100) = 24
22. An iron water-tank with a capacity of 10,000 gallons has a water-
supply inlet, which feeds water at the rate of 300 gallons per hour. This
water inlet starts automatically when the water level goes below the
5000-gallon mark. There is a hole formed at the bottom of the tank due
to rusting. When the water-tank is full, how long will take for the whole
tank to be emptied if the water goes out of the hole at the rate of 500-
gallons per hour? Assume that there is no other loss/usage of water?
(a) 10 hours (b) 20 hours (c) 25 hours
(d) 35 hours

Company Question
23. A lake has a rare breed of lotuses that triple in number every
minute. If one-third of the lake is full of flowers in 30 minutes, what is the
total time taken for the whole lake to be full?
(a) 1 min (b) 31 min (c) 60 min (d)
90 min
24. A boy was asked to multiply a certain number by 27. He multiplied it by 72
and got an answer which was 270 more than the correct answer. Find the
number?
(a)5 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 18
72x – 27x = 270 implies 45x = 270 x=6
25. In an examination, a student was asked to find (3/14) of a certain
number. By mistake, he found (3/4) of it. His answer was 150 more than
the correct answer. The given number is:
(a) 290 (b) 280 (c) 240 (d) 180
(3/4) x – (3/14) x = 150 LCM = 28
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21x – 6x = (150)(28) implies 15x = (150)(28) x = 280

26. The sum of the first 63 terms of the series: 5 – 3 + 2 – 5 + 3 - 2 + 5 –

3 + 2 – 5 ……… is
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2

27. A shopkeeper knows that the price of a cigarette packet will

increase by Rs3 in the next budget. He bought some packets of cigarette
for Rs2700. If he bought the cigarette packets on new price, he would get
10 packets less. What is the number of packets bought by him?
(a) 80 (b) 90 (c) 100
(d) 120

28. A sequence of numbers is such that multiplying the previous term

by 2 and adding 1 obtains each term, except the first term. If the fourth
term in the series is 31, what is the first term?
(a) 63 (b) 15 (c) 7
(d) 3

29. Maria plans to make sandwiches for a picnic. She has three types of
bread from which to choose (rye, sourdough and white), four types of
meat from which to choose (salami, bologna, ham and pastrami), and
three types of cheese from which to choose (Swiss, cheddar and jack). If
Maria will use only one type of bread, one type of meat and one type of
cheese on each sandwich, how many different kinds of sandwiches can
Maria make?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 10
(d) 36

30. The amount of time it takes to consume a buffalo carcass is

inversely proportional to the number of vultures. If it takes 12 vultures 3
days to consume a buffalo, how many fewer hours will it take if there are
4 more vultures?
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 18
(d) 24
Inverse proportional means ‘when one value increases, the other value
decreases’.
12 vultures ……… 72 hours
16 vultures ………? (12 x 72)/16 = 54 hours
Hours less = 72 – 54 = 18

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31. The sum of all the possible factors of 500 (including 1 and 500 itself)
equals:
(a) 784 (b) 980 (c) 1092 (d) 1350
Sum of possible factors are 500 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 10 + 20 + 25 + 50 +
100 + 125 + 250 + 500 = 1092

32. A boy multiplies 987 by a certain number and obtains 559981 as his
answer. If in the answer, both 9’s are wrong but the other digits are
correct, then the correct answer will be:
(a) 553681 (b) 555181 (c) 555681
(d) 556581

33. Four children A, B, C and D divide a bag of sweets. A takes (1/3) of

them, B (2/5)th of the remainder and the rest is equally shared between C
and D. What fraction of the sweets did C or D get?
(a) (1/4) (b) (1/5) (c) (1/6) (d) (1/17)
A’s share = (1/3)(15x) = 5x Remaining = 15x – 5x = 10x
B’s share = (2/5)(10x) = 4x Remaining = 10x – 4x = 6x
C or D will get 3x shares each. Fractional part = (3x/15x) = (1/5)
34. A train starts full of passengers. At the first station, it drops one-
third of passengers and takes 280 more. At the second station, it drops
one-half of the new total and takes 12 more. On arriving at the third
station, it is found to have 248 passengers. The number of passengers in
the beginning was:
(a) 156 (b) 288 (c) 564 (d) 608
After leaving first station the train has (4x + 280)
After leaving second station the train has (2x + 140 + 12) = 2x + 152
Therefore 2x + 152 = 248 …………… x = 48
Total passengers at the starting point = 48 x 6 = 288

35. A man is employed for 30 days on the condition that he receives

Rs1000 for each day he works and loses Rs250 for each day he is absent.
He gets Rs20,000 in all. For how many days was he absent?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d)
10
Let the no. of days absent is x
1000 (30 – x) – 250 (x) = 20000 30000 – 1000 x – 250 x = 20000
10000 = 1250x x = (10000/1250) = 8 days absent

Company Questions

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36. The cost of 2 mangoes is equal to the cost of 10 oranges. If the total
cost of 4 mangoes and 20 oranges is Rs80, then find the cost of one
mango?
(a) Rs10 (b) Rs15 (c) Rs20 (d) Rs25
37. If (a – b) is 6 more than (c + d) and (a + b) is 3 less than (c – d), then
(a – c) is:
(a) 0.5 (b) 1 (c) 1.5
(d) 2

PRACTICE EXERCISE

38. The unit’s digit in the product (274 x 318 x 577 x 313) is:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
39. If the unit digit in the product (459 x 46 x 28* x 484) is 2, the digit in
place of * is:
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7
40. When ‘n’ is divided by 4, the remainder is 3. What is the remainder
when ‘2n’ is divided by 4?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
41. The price of 4 pens and 3 pencils is Rs23, the price of 3 pencils and
5 erasers is Rs13, and the price of 7 erasers and 4 pens is Rs34, find the
cost of 1 eraser?
(a) Rs5 (b) Rs2.50 (c) Rs2 (d) Re1
42. A certain geometry class has 36 students. If two-thirds of the
students are boys and three-fourths of the boys are under six feet tall,
how many boys in the class are under six feet tall?
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 18
(d) 24
43. A license number is of the type $nn, where $ is any one letter from
A to Z and n is any one digit from 0 to 9. How many different license
numbers can there be?
(a) 2600 (b) 2800 (c) 3600 (d) 4800
44. If (x + y) : (x – y) = 7 : 3, then (x + y ) : (x – y ) is equal to:
2 2 2 2

(a) 49 : 9 (b) 29 : 21 (c) 16 : 29 (d)

25 : 4
45. You are given two functions, which are defined as: f(x) = x2 + x + 1
and g(x) = f(x)/2
What is the value of g(10)?
(a) 21.5 (b) 51.5 (c) 55.5 (d) 111
46. 750 times 45 equals P. Therefore, 750 times 44 equals
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(a) P – 45 (b) P – 750 (c) P – 1 (d)
44P
47. A man spent (3/5) of his savings and was still left with Rs20000.
What was his initial saving?
(a) Rs50000 (b) Rs55000 (c) Rs60000
(d) Rs72000
48. When Jack travelled 25 km, he found that (3/5) of his journey was
still left. What is the total journey to be covered by Jack?
(a) 60 km (b) 62.5 km (c) 65 km
(d) 67.5 km
49. A person went to a stationery shop and purchased a pen for Rs15. If
he is still left with (2/5) of his total money, find the total amount of
money he had initially?
(a) Rs25 (b) Rs30 (c) Rs35 (d) Rs40
50. Ratio of the sum and the difference of the two numbers is 13 : 3.
Find the ratio of those two numbers?
(a) 5 : 8 (b) 8 : 3 (c) 8 : 5 (d) 8 : 7
51. From 50 to 90, find the number of odd and even numbers?
(a) 20, 21 (b) 20, 20 (c) 21, 22 (d)
19, 20
52. If 0.7 times one number is equal to 0.075 times another number,
then the ratio of the numbers is:
(a) 2 : 25 (b) 3 : 28 (c) 9 : 7 (d)
28 : 25
53. The sum of two numbers is (28/25) of the first number. The second
number is ………………… of the first.
(a) 12% (b) 14% (c) 15% (d) 16%
54. In a school, (4/5) of the children are boys. If the number of girls is
200, find the number of boys?
(a) 600 (b) 750 (c) 800 (d) 1000
55. If 2s = 9, then the value of s + (s – 1) + (s – 3) + (s – 5) is
2 2 2 2

(a) 45 (b) 35 (c) 25

(d) 9
56. If a * b = 2a – 3b + ab, then 3 * 5 + 5 * 3 is equal to:
(a) 22 (b) 24 (c) 26
(d) 28
57. A number of friends decided to go on a picnic and planned to spend
Rs960 on eatables. Four of them, however, did not turn up. As a
consequence, the remaining ones had to contribute Rs40 each extra. The
number of those who attended the picnic was:

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(a) 24 (b) 16 (c) 12
(d) 8

AVERAGE
Formula:
Average = (Sum of observations) / Number of observations)
A = (S/N) or S = AN
1. A batsman scores 35, 45 and 37 runs in first, second and third innings
respectively. Find the average runs in the three innings?
Average runs = (35 + 45 + 37 / 3) = 39 runs
2. Find the average of first five multiples of 3?
Average = (3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15) / 5 = (45/5) = 9
3. The average marks obtained by 120 candidates in a certain examination
is 35. Find the total marks?
Total marks = 120 x 35 = 4200
4. The average height of 30 boys out of a class of 50, is 160 cm. If the
average height of the remaining boys is 165 cm, the average height of
the whole class (in cm) is:
(a) 161 (b) 162 (c) 163 (d) 164
Required average = (30 x 160 + 20 x 165) / 50 = (4800 + 3300) / 50 =
(8100/50) = 162
5. The average of three numbers is 20. If two numbers are 16 and 22, the
third is:
(a) 22 (b) 20 (c) 19 (d) 18
Total of three numbers = (20 x 3) = 60
Third number = 60 – (16 + 22) = 22
6. The average of two numbers is M. If one number is N, then the other
number is:
(a) 2N (b) 2M (c) M – N (d) 2M - N
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Sum of two numbers = 2M. Therefore, other number = (2M – N)
7. The average of five results is 46 and that of the first four is 45. The fifth
result is:
(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 12.5 (d) 50
Fifth result = (46 x 5 – 45 x 4) = 230 – 180 = 50
8. The average of Kanchan’s marks in 7 subjects is 75. His average in six
subjects excluding Science is 72. How many marks did he get in Science?
(a) 72 (b) 80 (c) 90 (d)
93
Marks in Science = (7 x 75) – (6 x 72) = 93
9. The average of eight numbers is 14. The average of six of these numbers
is 16. The average of the remaining two numbers is:
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16
Total of remaining two numbers= (8 x 14) – (6 x 16) = 16.
Therefore, average of remaining two numbers = 16/2 = 8.

10. The average price of three items of furniture is Rs15000. If their

prices are in the ratio
3 : 5 : 7, the price of the cheapest item is:
(a) Rs9000 (b) Rs15000 (c) Rs18000
(d) Rs21000
Let their prices be 3x, 5x and 7x. Then, 3x + 5x + 7x = 15000 x 3 (or) x =
3000
Therefore, cost of cheapest item = 3x = 3 x 3000 = Rs9000
11. A man spends Rs18,000 monthly on an average for the first four
months and Rs20,000 monthly for the next 8 months and saves Rs56000
a year. His average monthly income is:
(a) Rs20000 (b) Rs22000 (c) Rs24000
(d) Rs26000
Total annual income = Rs (18000 x 4 + 20000 x 8) + 56000 = Rs2,88,000
Therefore, average monthly income = (288000 / 12) = Rs24000
12. The average age of 30 students of a class is 12 years. The average
age of a group of 5 of the students is 10 years and that of another group
of 5 of them is 14 years. What is the average age of the remaining
students?
(a) 8 years (b) 10 years (c) 12 years
(d) 14 years
Total age of 20 students = Total age of 30 students – total age of 10
students
= (30 x 12) – (5 x 10 + 5 x 14) = 360 – 120 = 240

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Average of remaining 20 students = (240 / 20) = 12 years
13. The average of 50 numbers is 38. If two numbers namely, 45 and 55
are discarded, the average of remaining numbers is:
(a) 36.50 (b) 37.00 (c) 37.50 (d) 37.52
Total of 50 numbers = 50 x 38 = 1900.
Discarded total = 45 + 55 = 100
Average of remaining 48 numbers = (1900 – 100) / 48 = 1800 / 48 = 37.50
14. The mean (average) of 100 observations was calculated as 40. It
was found later on that one of the observations was misread as 83
instead of 53. The correct mean is:
(a) 39 (b) 39.7 (c) 40.3 (d) 42.7
Total = 40 x 100 = 4000
Difference in total = 83 – 53 = 30
Correct sum = 4000 – 30 = 3970
Correct mean (average) = 3970 / 100 = 39.7
15. The average of six numbers is 30. If the average of first four is 25
and that of last three is 35, the fourth number is:
(a) 25 (b) 30 (c) 35 (d)
40
Sum of 7 numbers = (4 x 25) + (3 x 35) = 205
Sum of 6 numbers = 6 x 30 = 180
Remaining number = 205 – 180 = 25

16. The average of 11 observations is 60. If the average of first five

observations is 58 and that of the last five is 56, then the sixth
observation is:
(a) 85 (b) 90 (c) 100
(d) 110
Sum of 11 observations = 11 x 60 = 660
Sum of 10 observations = (5 x 58) + (5 X 56) = 290 + 280 = 570
Therefore, sixth observation = 660 – 570 = 90
17. In seven given numbers, the average of first four numbers is 4 and
that of the last four is also 4. If the average of these seven numbers is 3,
the fourth number is:
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d)
11
Sum of 8 numbers = (4 x 4) + (4 x 4) = = 32
Sum of 7 numbers = (7 x 3) = 21
Therefore, fourth number = 32 – 21 = 11

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18. The average of 25 results is 18. The average of first twelve of them
is 14 and that of last twelve is 17. The thirteenth result is:
(a) 28 (b) 72 (c) 78
(d) 85
Sum of 25 results = 25 x 18 = 450
Sum of 24 results = (12 x 14) + (12 x 17) = 168 + 204 = 372
Therefore, the remaining number = 450 – 372 = 78

19. Out of four numbers, the average of first three is 16 and that of the
last three is 15. If the last number is 18, the first number is:
(a) 20 (b) 21 (c) 23 (d)
25
Let the four numbers be a, b, c and d. Implies
a + b + c = 16 x 3 = 48
b + c + d = 15 x 3 = 45
d = 18 (given) then it becomes a + b + c + d = 48 + 18 = 66
a = (a + b + c + d) – (b +c + d) = 66 – 45 = 21
20. A motorist travels to a place at a speed of 50 km per hour and
returns at 30 km per hour. Find his average speed for the whole journey
in km per hour is:
(a) 35 (b) 37.5 (c) 40 (d) 50
Average speed = 2xy /(x + y) km/hr = (2 x 50 x 30) / (50 + 30)
= (3000/80) = 37. 5 km/hr
21. Distance between two stations A and B is 778 km. Mohan covers the
journey from A to B at 84 km per hour and returns back to A with a
uniform speed of 56 km per hour. Find his average speed during the
whole journey?
Average speed = 2xy /(x + y) km/hr
= (2 x 84 x 56) /(84 + 56) = (2 x 84 x 56) / 140 = 67.2 km/hr

22. The average of 11 results is 60. If the average of first six results is
58 and that of the last six is 63, find the sixth result?
Sixth result = (total of 12 results) – (total of 11 results)
= (6 x 58 + 6 x 63) – (11 x 60) = 348 + 378 – 660 = 66
23. The average weight of A, B and C is 45 kg. If the average weight of
A and B is 40 kg and that of B and C is 43 kg, then find the weight of B?
A + B + C = 45 x 3 = 135 kg
A + B = 40 x 2 = 80 kg and B + C = 43 x 2 = 86 kg
Therefore B = (A + B) + (B + C) - (A + B + C) = 80 + 86 – 135 = 31 kg

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24. There are two sections A and B of a class, consisting of 36 and 44
students respectively. If the average weight of section A is 40 kg and that
of section B is 35 kg, find the average weight of the whole class?
Total weight of 80 students = (36 x 40 + 44 x 35) = 2980 kg
Therefore average weight = (2980 / 80) = 37.25 kg
25. Nine persons went to a hotel for taking their meals. Eight of them
spent Rs 120 each on their meals and the ninth person spent Rs 80 more
than the average expenditure of all the nine. What was the total money
spent by them?
Let the total expenditure be Rs x. Then, average expenditure = Rs (x/9)
Then 8 x 120 + [(x/9) + 80] = x (or) (x) – (x/9) = 1040
Or (8x/9) = 1040 (or) x = 1040 (9/8) = Rs 1170 (This is the total money
spent by them)
26. The average of 5 numbers is 7. When 3 new numbers are added,
the average of the eight numbers is 8.5. The average of the three new
numbers is:
(a) 11 (b) 8.5 (c) 7.75 (d) 7
Sum of three new numbers = sum of eight numbers – sum of five
numbers.
Implies (8.5 x 8) – (5 x 7) = 68 – 35 = 33
Their average = 33 / 3 = 11
27. The average age of 30 students is 9 years. If the age of their
teacher is included, it becomes 10 years. The age of the teacher (in
years) is:
(a) 27 (b) 31 (c) 35
(d) 40
Age of teacher = (31 x 10) – (30 x 9) = 310 – 270 = 40
28. The average age of 24 boys and the teacher is 15 years. When the
teacher’s age is excluded, the average decreases by 1. What is the age of
the teacher?
(a) 38 years (b) 39 years (c) 40 years
(d) 41 years
Sum of ages of all students & teacher = 25 x 15 = 375 years
Sum of ages of students only = 24 x 14 = = 336 years
Therefore, age of teacher = 375 – 336 = 39 years

29. The average weight of 29 students is 28 kg. By the admission of a

new student, the average weight is reduced to 27.8 kg. The weight of the
new student is:

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(a) 22.4 kg (b) 22 kg (c) 21.6 kg (d)
21 kg
Weight of new student = (30 x 27.8) – (29 x 28) = 22 kg
30. The average salary per month of 30 employees in a company is
Rs40000. If the manager’s salary is added, the average salary increases
to Rs43000. What is the salary of the manager?
(a) Rs100000 (b) Rs120000 (c) Rs130000 (d) Rs133000
Salary of the manager = (43000 x 31) – (40000 x 30) = Rs133000
31. The average age of 40 students of a class is 15 years. When 10 new
students are admitted, the average is increased by 0.2 years. The
average age of new students is:
(a) 15.2 years (b) 16 years (c) 16.2 years (d) 16.4
years
Sum of age of 40 students = 40 x 15 = 600 years
Sum of age of 50 students = 50 x 15.2 = 760 years
Sum of age of 10 new students = 760 – 600 = 160 years
Their average = (160 / 10) = 16 years
32. The average weight of 8 men is increased by 1.5 kg when one of the
men who weighs 65 kg is replaced by a new man. The weight of the new
man is:
(a) 76 kg (b) 76. 5 kg (c) 76.7 kg
(d) 77 kg
Total weight increased = (8 x 1.5) = 12 kg
Weight of new man = 65 + 12 = 77 kg
33. The average weight of 9 mangoes increases by 20 g if one of them
weighing 120 g is replaced by another. The weight of the new mango is:
(a) 180 g (b) 200 g (c) 260 g (d) 300g
Total weight increased = 9 x 20 = 180 g
Weight of new mango = 120 + 180 = 300 g
34. The average weight of 6 men decreased by 3 kg when one of them
weighing 80 kg is replaced by a new man. The weight of the new man is:
(a) 56 kg (b) 58 kg (c) 62 kg (d) 76 kg
Total weight decreased = 6 x 3 = 18 kg
Weight of new man = 80 – 18 = 62 kg
35. The average age of a committee of 8 members is 40 years. A
member aged 55 years retired and his place was taken by another
member aged 39 years. The average age of the present committee is:
(a) 35 years (b) 36 years (c) 38 years
(d) 39 years

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Total weight initially = 40 x 8 = 320 years
Changes happened = - 55 + 39 = - 16 years
New total = 320 – 16 = 304 years
New average = (304 / 8) = 38 years
36. The average weight of 3 men A, B and C is 84 kg. Another man D
joins the group and the average now becomes 80 kg. If another man E,
whose weight is 3 kg more than that of D, replaces A then the average
weight of B, C, D and E becomes 79 kg. The weight of A is:
(a) 70 kg (b) 72 kg (c) 75 kg (d) 80 kg
A + B + C = 84 x 3 = 252 kg (and) A + B + C + D = 80 x 4 = 320 kg
Therefore D = 320 – 252 = 68 kg
E = 68 + 3 = 71 kg
B + C + D + E = 79 x 4 = 316 kg
A + B + C + D + E = 320 + 71 = 391 kg
Therefore, weight of A = 391 – 316 = 75 kg
37. Three years ago, the average age of A, B and C was 27 years and
that of B and C, 5 years ago was 20 years. A’s present age is:
(a) 30 years (b) 35 years (c) 40 years (d)
48 years
Present age of (A + B + C) = (27 x 3) + (3 x 3) = 90 years
Present age of (B + C) = (20 x 2) + (5 x 2) = 50 years
A’s present age = 90 – 50 = 40 years
38. Five years ago, the average age of A, B, C and D was 45 years. With
E joining them now, the average of all the five is 49 years. How old is E?
(a) 25 years (b) 40 years (c) 45 years (d)
64 years
5 years ago, (A + B + C + D) = 45 x 4 = 180 years
Now, (A + B + C + D) = (180 + 5 x 4) = 200 years
Now, (A + B + C + D + E) = 49 x 5 = 245 years
Now E = 245 – 200 = 45 years
39. Five years ago, the average age of P and Q was 15 years. Average
age of P, Q and R today is 20 years. How old will R be after 10 years?
(a) 30 years (b) 35 years (c) 40 years (d)
50 years
(P + Q), five years ago = 15 x 2 = 30 years & (P + Q), now = 30 + (5 x 2) =
40 years
(P + Q + R), now = 20 x 3 = 60 years & R now = 60 – 40 = 20 years
R after 10 years = 20 + 10 = 30 years

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40. The mean temperature from the 9th to the 16th of January, both days
inclusive, was 11.60 C and from the 10th to the 17th it was 12. 20C. The
temperature on the 9th was 10.80C. What was it on the 17th?
(a) 15.60C (b) 4.80C (c) 9.60C (d) 150C
Total temperature from 9th to 16th of January = 8 x 11.60 C = 92.80 C
Total temperature from 10th to 17th of January = 8 x 12.20 C = 97.60 C
Therefore, temperature on 17th January = 10.80 C + 97.60 C – 92.80 C
=15.60 C
41. The weights of four rowers of a boat are respectively 70 kg, 72 kg,
73 kg and 74 kg and the average weight of whole crew, including the
coxswain is 70 kg. Find the weight of the coxswain?
(a) 61 kg (b) 62 kg (c) 63 kg (d) 68 kg
Weight of coxswain = 5 x 70 – (70 + 72 + 73 + 74) = 61 kg
42. The average weight of 19 students was 25 kg. By the admission of a
new student the average weight is reduced to 24.8 kg. The weight of the
new student is:
(a) 24.8 kg (b) 21 kg (c) 20.8 kg (d)
20.6 kg
The weight of the new student = (20 x 24.8) – (19 x 25) = 21 kg
43. The average of 6 numbers is 8. What is the 7th number so that
average becomes 10?
(a) 22 (b) 21 (c) 20
(d) 18
Sum of 7 numbers = 7 x 10 = 70
Sum of 6 numbers = 6 x 8 = 48
Required number = 70 – 48 = 22
44. The average age of a class is 15.8 years. The average age of the
boys in the class is 16.4 years while that of the girls is 15.4 years. What
is the ratio of boys to girls in the class?
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 3 : 5 (d) 4 : 3
Let the number of boys and girls be ‘a and b’ respectively.
Total age of boys = 16.4 a
Total age of girls = 15.4 b
Total age of the class = 15.8 (a + b)
15.8 (a + b) = 16.4 a + 15.4b
16.4 a – 15.8 a = 15.8 b – 15.4 b
0.6 a = 0.4 b implies (a/b) = (0.4/0.6) = (2/3) = 2 : 3
45. Three numbers are in the ratio 4 : 5 : 6 and their average is 25. The
largest number is:

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(a) 30 (b) 32 (c) 36
(d) 42
Average is 25 means total = (25 x 3) = 75
Largest number = 75 (6/15) = 30

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