New Wave in Hindi Class – X (Term – I) Course B

Section : C (ikB~; iqLrd ,oa iwjd iqLrd)

ikB~;iqLrd % Li'kZ Hkkx&2
xn~;&[kaM
1 cM+s HkkbZ lkgc
eq'a kh çsepan

ikB dk lkj
1
izsepan dgkuh dk çkjaHk djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd esjs cM+s HkkbZ nsdj Mjkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA mUgksaus dbZ jktkvksa osQ uke fy,A mUgksaus
lkgc eq>ls ik¡p lky cM+s Fks ysfdu os eq>ls osQoy rhu njts vkxs bfrgkl] ,ytcjk osQ fo"k; esa Hkh crk;kA ijh{kk esa mRrh.kZ gksus osQ
FksA ge nksuksa us lkFk&lkFk i<+uk 'kq: fd;k FkkA os ,d lky dh fy, esgur djuh iM+rh gSA mUgksaus ^le; dh ikcanh* ij pkj iUuksa dk
i<+kbZ nks&rhu lky esa djrs Fks] rkfd mudh uhao etcwr gks tk,A esjh fucaèk fy[kus dks Hkh dgkA LowQy dk le; fudV Fkk vkSj HkkbZ lkgc
mez ukS lky Fkh] os pkSng lky osQ FksA os eq> ij iwjh fuxjkuh j[krs dk mins'k tkjh FkkA
FksA ;s mudk tUefln~èk vfèkdkj FkkA eq>ls ;g mEehn dh tkrh Fkh
fd eSa muosQ gqDe dks dkuwu le>w¡A 3
os LoHkko ls vè;;u'khy FksA vkSj ges'kk fdrkcksa esa O;Lr jgrs gj ckj dh rjg fiQj lkykuk ijh{kk gqbZA la;ksx ls bl ckj fiQj
FksA os fofHkUu izdkj dh rLohjsa dkfi;ksa esa cuk;k djrs FksA esjk eu HkkbZ lkgc isQy gks x, vkSj eSa fiQj ikl gks x;kA HkkbZ lkgc us
i<+us esa ugha yxrk FkkA eSa volj ikrs gh gksLVy ls fudydj eSnku esa vR;fèkd ifjJe fd;k FkkA eq>s mu ij n;k vk jgh FkhA urhtk
vk tkrk vkSj [ksyus yxrkA tc [ksyowQn dj dejs esa okil vkrk] rks lqudj os jks iM+sA vc esjs vkSj muosQ chp osQoy ,d d{kk dk varj
HkkbZlkgc Øksfèkr gks tkrs Fks vkSj Mk¡Vrs gq, dgrs % ¶bl rjg vaxzs”kh jg x;kA okLro esa ;g muosQ mins'kksa dk gh lkj Fkk fd eSa ikl gks
i<+ksxs rks ¯tnxh Hkj i<+rs jgksxs vkSj ,d gI+kZQ u vk,xkA vaxzs”kh i<+uk x;k vkSj os isQy gks x,A vc mudk O;ogkj uje gks x;k FkkA mUgksaus
dksbZ g¡lh&[ksy ugha gS fd tks pkgs i<+ ysA ;gk¡ fnu&jkr vk¡[ksa iQksM+uh eq>s Mk¡Vuk can dj fn;kA esjs eu esa Hkh ;g èkkj.kk ?kj dj xbZ fd
iM+rh gSa vkSj [kwu tykuk iM+rk gSA rc dgha ;g fon~;k vkrh gSA vkSj i<+¡™ ;k u i<+¡™] ikl rks gks gh tkm¡QxkA
vkrh D;k gS] gk¡ dgus dks vk tkrh gSA cM+s&cM+s fon~oku Hkh 'kqn~èk ,d fnu laè;k osQ le;] gksLVy ls nwj eSa dudkSvk ywVus osQ
vaxzs”kh ugha fy[k ldrs] cksyuk rks nwj jgkA vxj rqEgsa blh rjg mez fy, nkSM+k tk jgk FkkA vpkud HkkbZ lkgc ls esjh eqBHksM+ gks xbZA
x¡okuh gS rks csgrj gS] ?kj pys tkvks vkSj e”ks ls xqYyh&MaMk [ksyksA mUgksaus fiQj eq>s Mk¡Vuk 'kq: dj fn;kA mUgksaus dguk 'kq: fd;k fd
nknk dh xk<+h dekbZ osQ #i;s D;ksa cjckn djrs gks\** ,d ”kekuk Fkk fd yksx vkBok¡ njtk ikl djosQ uk;c rglhynkj gks
eSa bl rjg dh yrkM+ lqudj jksrk jgrkA mudh ckrsa lqudj tkrs FksA ml le; vkBoha d{kk dks cgqr vgfe;r nh tkrh FkhA rqe
esjh fgEer VwV tkrhA lksprk] xk¡o pyk tkm¡QA fiQj fgEer djosQ gks fd vkBosa nj”ks esa vkdj ck”kkjh yM+dksa osQ lkFk dudkS, osQ fy,
Vkbe Vscy cukrk] ij ml ij vey u dj ikrkA izkÑfrd okrkoj.k nkSM+ jgs gksA yksx rjg&rjg osQ dFkuksa n~okjk vius NksVs HkkbZ dks
eq>s bl dnj yqHkkrk fd fiQj eSa [ksyus fudy iM+rkA Mk¡Vrs&iQVdkjrs gSa vkSj vuqHkotU; ckrsa dgrs gSaA HkkbZ lkgc dk
2 ekuuk gS fd thou thus osQ fy, vuqHko ”;knk ”k:jh gSA ?kj dk
ok£"kd ijh{kk esa HkkbZ lkgc isQy gks x, vkSj eSa d{kk esa izFke dke&dkt vkSj [kpZ dk fglkc ?kj osQ cM+s&cw<+s gh Bhd izdkj ls j[k
vk;kA vc ge nksuksa esa osQoy nks lky dk varj jg x;kA vc eSa HkkbZ ikrs gSaA ml le; eq>s vuqHko gqvk fd esjs cM+s HkkbZ lkgc fdruk
lkgc ls dguk pkgrk Fkk fd vkidh og ?kksj riL;k dgk¡ xbZA ij vuqHko rFkk Kku j[krs gSaA esjs cM+s lkgc us eq>s xys ls yxk fy;kA eSa
fiQj pqi jg x;kA eSa fiQj [ksyowQn esa yx x;kA ,d fnu cM+s HkkbZ Hkh muosQ Kku osQ izfr ureLrd gks x;kA os dgus yxs] tc rd eSa gw¡
lkgc eq> ij VwV iM+s] ^^ns[krk gw¡] bl lky ikl gks x, vkSj nj”ks esa rqe csjkg u pyus ikvksxsA brus esa gh ,d dudkSvk gekjs mQij ls
vOoy gks x, rks rqEgsa fnekx gks x;k gS] exj HkkbZtku] ?keaM rks xq”kjkA HkkbZ lkgc yacs Fks] blfy, mUgksaus mNydj irax idM+ yh vkSj
cM+s&cM+s dk ugha jgk] rqEgkjh D;k gLrh gS\¸ mUgksaus vusd mnkgj.k csrgk'kk gksLVy dh rj-iQ nkSM+sA eSa ihNs&ihNs nkSM+ jgk FkkA

1 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 'kCnkFkZ ,oa fVIif.k;k¡
rkyhe ¾ f'k{kk] iq [rk ¾ etcw r ] rEchg ¾ Mk¡ V &MiV] vfHkeku ¾ ?keaM] eqerfgu ¾ ijh{kd] iz;kstu ¾ mn~n's ;] [kqjkiQkr ¾
lkeat L; ¾ rkyes y ] elyu ¾ mnkgj.kr%] bckjr ¾ ys [ k] O;FkZ dh ckrsa] fgekdr ¾ cs oowQ i- Qh] fd-iQk;r ¾ cpr (ls)
ps"Vk ¾ dksf'k'k] tekr ¾ d{kk] gI+kZQ ¾ v{kj] fegur (esgur) nq#i;ksx ¾ vuqfpr mi;ksx] fu%Lokn ¾ fcuk Lokn dk] rkTtqc ¾
¾ ifjJe] yrkM+ ¾ Mk¡V&MiV] lwfDr&ck.k ¾ O;aX;kRed dFku@rh[kh vk'p;Z] VkLd ¾ dk;Z] tyhy ¾ viekfur] izk.kkard ¾ izk.k
ckrsa] Ldhe ¾ ;kstuk] vey djuk ¾ ikyu djuk] vogsyuk ¾ ysus okyk @ izk.kksa dk var djus okyk] dkafrghu ¾ psg js ij
frjLdkj] ulhgr ¾ lykg] I+kQthgr ¾ vieku] frjLdkj ¾ mis{kk] ped u gksuk] LoPNa nrk ¾ vk”kknh] lfg".kqrk ¾ lgu'khyrk]
lkykuk bfErgku ¾ ok£"kd ijh{kk] yTtkLin ¾ 'keZukd] dudkS vk ¾ ira x ] vnc ¾ bT”kr] tghu ¾ iz f rHkkoku]
'kjhd ¾ 'kkfey] vkrad ¾ Hk;] vOoy ¾ izFke] vkfèkiR; ¾ r”kqjck ¾ vuqH ko] cngokl ¾ csg ky] eqgrkt (eksgrkt) ¾
izHkqRo@lkezkT;] Lokèkhu ¾ Lora=k] eghi ¾ jktk] oqQdeZ ¾ cqjk dke] nwljs ij vkfJrA

lesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ikB~;iqLrd osQ iz'uksRrj

(d) ekSf[kd ([k) fyf[kr

fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj ,d&nks iafDr;ksa esa nhft,µ (d) fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj (25&30 'kCnksa esa) fyf[k,µ
1- dFkk uk;d dh #fp fdu dk;ks± esa Fkh\ 1- NksVs HkkbZ us viuh i<+kbZ dk Vkbe&Vsfcy cukrs le;
mRrj % dFkk uk;d dh #fp oaQdfj;k¡ mNkyus] dkxt dh frrfy;k¡ D;k&D;k lkspk vkSj fiQj mldk ikyu D;ksa ugha dj
mM+kus] pkjnhokjh ij p<+dj uhps owQnus] iQkVd ij lokj ik;k\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
gksus] vkxs&ihNs pykrs gq, eksVjdkj dk vkuan mBkus esa FkhA mRrj % NksVs HkkbZ us vius cM+s HkkbZ dh yrkM+ lqudj viuh i<+kbZ
2- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc NksVs HkkbZ ls gj le; igyk loky dk Vkbe&Vsfcy cukus dk fu.kZ; fd;kA mlus lkspk fd
D;k iwNrs Fks\ og izkr%dky Ng cts mBsxk] eq¡g&gkFk èkks] uk'rk dj
mRrj % cMs+ HkkbZ lkgc NksVs HkkbZ ls gj le; igyk loky ;g i<+us cSB tk,xkA Ng ls vkB rd vaxzs”kh] vkB ls ukS rd
iwNrs µ dgk¡ Fks\ fglkc] ukS ls lk<+s ukS rd bfrgkl] fI+kQj Hkkstu djosQ
LowQy tk,xkA okil ykSVdj vkèkk ?kaVk vkjke djsxk]
3- nwljh ckj ikl gksus ij NksVs HkkbZ osQ O;ogkj esa D;k
fiQj pkj ls ik¡p rd Hkwxksy] ik¡p ls Ng rd xzkej] vkèkk
ifjorZu vk;k\
?kaVk VgysxkA lk<+s Ng ls lkr rd vaxzs”kh oaQiks”kh'ku]
mRrj % nwljh ckj ikl gksus ij NksVs HkkbZ osQ O;ogkj esa ;g fiQj Hkkstu djosQ vkB ls ukS rd vuqokn] ukS ls nl rd
ifjorZu vk;k fd og ?keaMh gks x;kA og lkspus yxk fd ¯gnh] nl ls X;kjg rd fofoèk fo"k; i<+sxk] fiQj foJke
i<+™¡ ;k u i<+™¡ ikl rks gks gh tkm¡QxkA djsxkA og blesa [ksyowQn dk le; ugha tksM+ ik;kA
4- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc ys[kd ls mez esa fdrus cM+s Fks vkSj os izkÑfrd okrkoj.k esa og i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ Hkwy tkrk Fkk]
dkSu&lh d{kk esa i<+rs Fks\ blfy, og bl ij vey ugha dj ik;kA
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ lkgc ys[kd ls ik¡p lky cM+s Fks vkSj os ukSoha 2- ,d fnu tc xqYyh&MaMk [ksyus osQ ckn NksVk HkkbZ
d{kk esa i<+rs FksA cM+s HkkbZ lkgc osQ lkeus igq¡pk] rks mudh D;k
5- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc fnekx dks vkjke nsus osQ fy, D;k izfrfØ;k gqbZ\
djrs Fks\ mRrj % ,d fnu xqYyh&MaMk [ksyus osQ ckn tc NksVk HkkbZ cM+s
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ lkgc fnekx dks vkjke nsus osQ fy, fpfM+;ksa] HkkbZ osQ lkeus igq¡pk rks mUgksaus mls [kwc Mk¡Vk&iQVdkjkA
oqQRrksa] fcfYy;ksa dh rLohjsa cuk;k djrs FksA os dHkh&dHkh mUgksaus vaxzs”kh dh i<+kbZ dks dfBu crkrs gq, ml ij ,d
,d gh okD; dks nl&chl ckj fy[kk djrs FksA dHkh ,d ysDpj Hkh fn;kA mUgksaus ys[kd dks gj le; i<+rs jgus dh
'ksj dks ckj&ckj lqanj v{kjksa esa udy djrs jgrs FksA ulhgr nhA mUgksaus dgk fd ;fn mez x¡okuh gS rks ?kj pys

2 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 tkvks vkSj e”ks ls xqYyh&MaMk [ksyksA nknk dh xk<+h dekbZ 2- ^cM+s HkkbZ lkgc* ikB esa ys[kd us lewph f'k{kk osQ
;w¡ gh er x¡okvksA fdu rkSj&rjhdksa ij O;aX; fd;k gS\ D;k vki muosQ
3- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dks eu dh ckrsa D;ksa nckuh iM+rh Fkha\ fopkj ls lger gSa\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)] mRrj % ^cM+s HkkbZ lkgc* ikB esa ys[kd us lewph f'k{kk iz.kkyh osQ
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ lkgc vius eu dh bPNk,¡ nck dj j[krs FksA os fuEufyf[kr rkSj&rjhdksa ij O;aX; fd;k gSµ
dHkh [ksy&rek'kksa esa ugha tkrs FksA os [ksyowQn ij Hkh è;ku µ bl iz.kkyh esa vaxzs”kh dks vfèkd egRo fn;k tkrk gSA
ugha nsrs FksA os fnu&jkr cSBdj i<+rs jgrs FksA fiQj Hkh ,d lHkh fo"k; vaxzs”kh esa i<+k, tkrs gSaA
gh d{kk esa dbZ&dbZ lky yxk nsrs FksA mUgsa vius cM+s gksus µ ;g iz.kkyh l[r fofèk dks c<+kok nsrh gSA Nk=kksa dks
dk Hkh [;ky jgrk FkkA os dgrs Fks] ^^esjk th Hkh ikB~; lkexzh dks daBLFk j[kuk iM+rk gSA
yypkrk gS ij D;k d:¡ [kqn csjkg pyw¡ rks rqEgkjh j{kk µ bl f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa fo"k;ksa dh vfèkdrk gksus osQ dkj.k
oSQls d:¡\ ;g drZZO; Hkh rks esjs flj gSA** Nk=kksa dks [ksyowQn dk le; ugha feyrkA
4- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc NksVs HkkbZ dks D;k lykg nsrs Fks vkSj µ bl f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa foLrkj ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA
D;ksa\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)] fo"k; dks laf{kIr djus dh vis{kk mldk foLrkj fd;k
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ lkgc NksVs HkkbZ dks ;g lykg nsrs Fks fd i<+kbZ tkrk gSA
djus osQ fy, vk¡[ksa iQksM+uh iM+rh gSa] [kwu tykuk iM+rk µ ;g f'k{kk iz.kkyh O;kogkfjd ugha gS D;ksafd blesa
gS] rc dgha tkdj ;g fon~;k vkrh gSA eu dh bPNkvksa fy[kus ij ”;knk è;ku fn;k tkrk gSA
dks nckuk iM+rk gSA vR;fèkd ifjJe djuk iM+rk gSA tks µ bl f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa bfrgkl ij Hkh cy fn;k tkrk gS
?keaM djrs gSa] os uhps Mwcrs pys tkrs gSaA os vius NksVs HkkbZ vkSj ckn'kkgksa osQ uke ;kn djuk vklku dke ugha gSA
dks ckjackj ifjJe djus dh lykg nsrs Fks D;ksfa d os pkgrs µ ge ys[kd osQ bu fopkjksa ls iw.kZr;k lger gSAa bl f'k{kk
Fks fd mudk NksVk HkkbZ i<+&fy[kdj usd bulku cusA iz.kkyh esa ckydksa dh viuh LoPNanrk u"V gks xbZ gS
5- ys[kd us cM+s HkkbZ lkgc osQ uje O;ogkj dk D;k D;ksfa d lc oqQN iqLrdh; Kku ij gh vkèkkfjr gSA
iQk;nk mBk;k\ 3- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc osQ vuqlkj thou dh le> oSQls
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ isQy gksdj oqQN uje iM+ x,A vc os Mk¡Vus dk vkrh gS\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
volj ikdj Hkh èkhjt ls dke ysus yxsA ys[kd us cM+s mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ lkgc osQ vuqlkj thou dh le> vuqHko ls
HkkbZ osQ bl O;ogkj dk vuqfpr iQk;nk mBkuk 'kq: dj vkrh gSA thou esa vuqHko iqLrdh; Kku ls Hkh vfèkd
fn;kA og le>us yxk fd vc cM+s HkkbZ dks mls Mk¡Vus dk egRoiw.kZ gSA iqLrosaQ i<+us ls gj d{kk esa ikl gqvk tk
dksbZ vfèkdkj ugha gSA mls yxus yxk fd og i<+s ;k u ldrk gSA ijarq ml Kku dks vuqHko esa mrkjs fcuk og Kku
i<+s ikl rks gks gh tk,xkA vc og ?keaMh gks x;kA vèkwjk gSA cM+s&cqtqxks± dks thou dh le> gels ”;knk gSA
mUgksaus ;g lc vuqHko ls izkIr fd;k gSA ge fo"ke
([k) fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj (50&60 'kCnksa esa) fyf[k,µ
ifjfLFkfr esa ?kcjk tkrs gSa] ij gekjs cM+s cq”kqxZ mu
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh leL;k dk gy fudkyuk tkurs FksA os
1- cM+s HkkbZ dh Mk¡V&iQVdkj vxj u feyrh] rks D;k NksVk i<+s&fy[ks ugha Fks] ijarq vuqHko ls Hkjiwj FksA vuqHko
HkkbZ d{kk esa vOoy vkrk\ vius fopkj izdV dhft,A i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ls ”;knk egRoiw.kZ gSA
mRrj % nksuksa HkkbZ ?kj ls nwj gksLVy esa jgdj i<+kbZ dj jgs FksA
4- NksVs HkkbZ osQ eu esa cM+s HkkbZ lkgc osQ izfr Jn~èkk
nksuksa dh lksp rFkk rkSj&rjhosQ esa varj FkkA cM+k HkkbZ vius
D;ksa mRiUu gqbZ\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
NksVs HkkbZ dks ges'kk ulhgr fn;k djrk FkkA og ges'kk mls
yrkM+k djrk FkkA og vius NksVs HkkbZ dh gj xfrfofèk ij vFkok
u”kj j[krk Fkk ,oa mls le; dk lnqi;ksx djus dh NksVs HkkbZ osQ eu es cM+s HkkbZ osQ izfr Jn~èkk mRiUu
lykg fn;k djrk FkkA ge ;g le>rs gSa fd ;fn cM+k gksus osQ D;k dkj.k Fks\ ^cM+s HkkbZ lkgc* ikB osQ
HkkbZ vius NksVs HkkbZ ij bl izdkj fu;a=k.k u j[krk] rks rc vk/kj ij vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
NksVk HkkbZ dHkh Hkh liQy ugha gks ikrkA og gj nj”ks esa [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
vOoy ugha vkrkA ;g mlosQ cM+s HkkbZ dh Mk¡V ,oa mRrj % NksVk HkkbZ vius cM+s HkkbZ dh fgnk;rksa dks xaHkhjrk ls ugha
ulhgr dk gh ifj.kke gS fd NksVk HkkbZ gj nj”ks esa vOoy ysrk FkkA mls yxrk Fkk fd cM+s HkkbZ lkgc rks ges'kk vuko';d
vkrk x;kA blfy, ;g Mk¡V&iQVdkj vko';d FkhA :i ls Mk¡Vrs jgrs gSa vkSj tc HkkbZ lkgc yxkrkj nks o"kZ

3 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 rd ok£"kd ijh{kk esa isQy gks x,] rc NksVs HkkbZ dks vkSj tUefln~èk vfèkdkj Fkk vkSj esjh 'kkyhurk
okLro esa yxus yxk fd cM+s HkkbZ lkgc rks osQoy mins'k blh esa Fkh fd muosQ gqDe dks dkuwu le>w¡A
gh nsrs jgrs gSaA mlus muosQ mnkj O;ogkj dk vuqfpr ([k) esjk dguk ekfu,A yk[k isQy gks x;k gw]¡ ysfdu rqels
ykHk mBkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA og lkspus yxk fd eSa i<+w¡ cM+k gw]¡ lalkj dk eq>s rqels dgha ”;knk vuqHko gSA
;k u i<+w¡ ikl rks gks gh tkm¡QxkA ij ,d fnu cM+s HkkbZ (x) la;ksx ls ml oDr dVk gqvk dudkSvk gekjs mQij
lkgc us mlosQ bl joS;s dks Hkk¡idj mls okLrfod fLFkfr ls xq”kjkA mldh Mksj yVd jgh FkhA yM+dksa dk
ls voxr djk;kA mls le>k;k fd ?keaMh O;fDr ges'kk ,d xksyk ihNs&ihNs nkSM+k pyk vkrk FkkA HkkbZ
uhps fxjrk gSA cM+s&cq”kqxks± n~okjk nh xbZ ulhgrksa dk ikyu lkgc yaCks gSa] mUgksaus mNydj mldh Mksj idM+
yh vkSj csrgk'kk gksLVy dh rjiQ nkSMsA+ eSa ihNs&ihNs
djuk pkfg,A mUgksaus vius vuqHkoksa osQ n~okjk vusd Kku
nkSM+ jgk FkkA
izkIr fd,A rqEgsa mudk lEeku djuk pkfg,A eSa Hkh rqEgkjk
(?k) esjs jgrs rqe csjkg u pyus ikvksxAs vxj rqe ;ksa u
'kqHk¯prd gw¡A cM+s HkkbZ dh ;s ckrsa lqudj NksVk HkkbZ Jn~èkk ekuksxs rks eSa (FkIiM+ fn[kkdj) bldk iz;ksx Hkh dj
ls ureLrd gks x;kA og cM+s HkkbZ dk vknj djus yxkA ldrk gwA¡ eSa tkurk gw]¡ rqEgsa esjh ckrsa ”kgj yx jgh gSAa
5- cMs+ HkkbZ dh LoHkkoxr fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
(x) fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa osQ vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ vè;;u'khy gSaA os gj le; fdrkcksa esa [kks,
1- bfErgku ikl dj ysuk dksbZ ph”k ugha] vly ph”k gS
jgrs gSaA cM+s HkkbZ ifjJeh gSaA os ifjJe dks liQyrk dh
cqn~fèk dk fodklA
oqaQth ekurs gSaA os vuq'kklufiz; gSaA os O;FkZ gh le; cckZn
ugha djrsA os fln~èkkaroknh gSa vkSj thou esa eq[; fln~èkkarksa mRrj % ijh{kk mRrh.kZ djuk cgqr cM+k dke ugha gSA mlls dgha
dks egRo nsrs gSaA os vkRefu;a=k.k djuk tkurs gSa rFkk Lo;a T;knk egRoiw.kZ gS cqn~fèk dks fodflr djukA ijh{kk,¡ rks
dks fu;a=k.k esa j[kdj NksVs HkkbZ osQ fy, vkn'kZoknh cuus fdrkcsa i<+dj ikl dj yh tkrh gSa ijarq cqn~fèk dk fodkl
esa ;dhu djrs gSaA os le>rs gSa fd muosQ n~okjk fd, x, osQoy fdrkcsa i<+us ls ugha gksrkA bldk fodkl rks
izR;sd dk;Z dk vlj muosQ NksVs HkkbZ ij iM+sxkA os ,d vuqHko ls gh gksrk gSA
vPNs mins'kd gSaA os tkurs gSa fd NksVs HkkbZ dks oSQls 2- fiQj Hkh tSls ekSr vkSj foifRr osQ chp Hkh vkneh
le>k;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd eksg vkSj ek;k osQ caèku esa tdM+k jgrk gS] eSa iQVdkj
cM+s HkkbZ esa vusd xq.k fon~;eku gSaA os cM+s HkkbZ dh inoh vkSj ?kqM+fd;k¡ [kkdj Hkh [ksy&owQn dk frjLdkj u
izkIr djus osQ lHkh xq.k j[krs gSaA dj ldrk FkkA
6- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc us ¯”knxh osQ vuqHko vkSj fdrkch mRrj % tc vkneh ij e`R;q rFkk eqlhcr dk lk;k e¡Mjkrk gS] rc
Kku esa ls fdls vkSj D;ksa egRoiw.kZ dgk gS\ Hkh og eksg rFkk ek;k osQ caèku esa iM+k jgrk gSA cM+s HkkbZ
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ lkgc us ¯”knxh osQ vuqHko dks vfèkd egRoiw.kZ lkgc eq>s Mk¡Vrs&MiVrs] ij mudh bl Mk¡V&MiV dk eq>
dgk gSA muosQ vuqlkj ¯”knxh dh le> fdrkcsa i<+us ls ij dksbZ vlj ugha gksrkA eSa fiQj Hkh [ksyowQn esa yxk
ugha cfYd vuqHko ls vkrh gSA os vius ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa jgrkA esjk eu lnk mu lc O;FkZ dh ph”kksa esa my>k jgrk
osQ mnkgj.k nsdj vius dFku dh iqf"V djrs gSaA os viuh FkkA eSa [ksy&owQn NksM+ u ldrk FkkA
ek¡ o nknk osQ mnkgj.k nsrs gSaA os dgrs gSa fd ge pkgs 3- cqfu;kn gh iq[rk u gks] rks edku oSQls ik;snkj cus\
fdruh Hkh iqLrossaQ i<+ ysa] ij gekjs cqtqxks± dks gesa lqèkkjus mRrj % edku dh etcwrh mldh uhao ij fuHkZj djrh gSA uhao
dk vfèkdkj ges'kk jgsxk D;ksafd mUgsa nqfu;k dk vuqHko ;fn etcwr gksxh rks edku Hkh etcwr gksxkA blh izdkj
gels T;knk gSA os fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa ?kcjkrs ugha gSa] gj Kku dh cqfu;kn ifjJe ij fuHkZj djrh gSA KkuktZu osQ
foijhr ifjfLFkfr dk lkeuk djuk os c[kwch djrs gSaA fy, cM+s HkkbZ lkgc ,d&,d d{kk esa nks&nks] rhu&rhu
7- crkb, ikB osQ fdu va'kksa ls irk pyrk gS fd µ lky yxkdj i<+rs jguk] mldh cqfu;kn dks e”kcwr cukuk
(d) NksVk HkkbZ vius HkkbZ lkgc dk vknj djrk gSA le>rs gSaA blesa oLrqr% cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dh csoowQ -iQh ij
([k) HkkbZ lkgc dks ¯”knxh dk vPNk vuqHko gSA O;aX; fd;k x;k gSA
(x) HkkbZ lkgc osQ Hkhrj Hkh ,d cPpk gSA 4- vk¡[ksa vkleku dh vksj Fkha vkSj eu ml vkdk'kxkeh
(?k) HkkbZ lkgc NksVs HkkbZ dk Hkyk pkgrs gSaA ifFkd dh vksj] tks ean xfr ls >werk iru dh vksj
mRrj % (d) eSa NksVk Fkk] os cM+s FksA esjh mez ukS lky dh Fkh] pyk vk jgk Fkk] ekuks dksbZ vkRek LoxZ ls fudydj
og pkSng lky osQ FksA mUgsa esjh fuxjkuh dk iwjk fojDr eu ls u, laLdkj xzg.k djus tk jgh gksA

4 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

mRrj % bl dFku dk vk'k; ;g gS fd tc NksVk HkkbZ dudkSvk vkxr (vaxszt•h ,oa mnwZ @ vjch&iQkjlh)
(irax) ywVus osQ fy, csrgk'kk nkSM+s tk jgk Fkk] ml le; iks”kh'ku] I+kQthgr
mldh vk¡[ksa vkdk'k esa xM+h FkhaA blesa ys[kd us vkdk'kxkeh
ifFkd ml irax dks dgk gS] tks /hjs&/hjs /jrh dh vksj rkyhe] tYnck”kh] iq[rk] gkf'k;k] ps"Vk] tekr]
vk jgh FkhA ys[kd dks ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk fd dksbZ gI+kZQ] lwfDrck.k] tkuysok] vk¡[kiQksM+] ?kqM+fd;k¡]
fnO; vkRek LoxZ yksd ls fudydj mnkl&nq[kh eu ls vkfèkiR;] iUuk] esyk&rek'kk] elyu] Lis'ky] Ldhe]
bl /jrh ij oqQN u, laLdkj ysus mrjrh pyh vk jgh iQVdkj] izkr%dky] fon~oku] fuiq.k] HkkbZ lkgc]
gksA ys[kd us dVh irax dks fnO;kRek :ih ifFkd vogsyuk] Vkbe&VsfcyA
dgk gSA mRrj % rRle % lwfDrck.k] vkfèkiR;] izkr%dky] fon~oku]
fuiq.k] vogsyuk
(x) Hkk"kk vè;;u rn~Hko % vk¡[kiQksM+] iUuk
1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ ns'kt % tkuysok] ?kqM+fd;k¡] esyk&rek'kk] iQVdkj
ulhgr] jks"k] vk”kknh] jktk] rkTtqc vkxr (vaxszt•h ,oa mnwZ @ vjch&iQkjlh) %
mRrj % ulhgr µ f'k{kk] mins'k rkyhe] tYnck”kh] iq[rk] gkf'k;k] tekr]
gI+kZQ] elyu] Lis'ky] Ldhe] Vkbe&Vsfcy
jktk µ u`i] ujs'k
jks"k µ xqLlk] Øksèk 4- uhps fn, okD;ksa esa dkSu&lh fØ;k gSµ ldeZd ;k
rkTtqc µ gSjkuh] vk'p;Z vdeZd\ fyf[k,µ
vk”kknh µ Lora=krk] Lokèkhurk (d) mUgksaus ogha gkFk idM+ fy;kA
2- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ mRrjµldeZd
flj ij uaxh ryokj yVduk] vkM+s gkFkksa ysuk] vaèks ([k) fiQj pksjksa&lk thou dVus yxkA
osQ gkFk cVsj yxuk] yksgs osQ pus pckuk] nk¡rksa ilhuk mRrjµvdeZd
vkuk] ,sjk&xSjk uRFkw [kSjkA (x) 'kSrku dk gky Hkh i<+k gh gksxkA
mRrj % (d) flj ij uaxh ryokj yVduk — ;qn~èk osQ le; mRrjµldeZd
'k=kqvksa osQ flj ij uaxh ryokj yVdrh gSA (?k) eSa ;g yrkM+ lqudj vk¡lw cgkus yxrkA
([k) vkM+s gkFkksa ysuk — dk;Z esa xyrh gks tkus ij mRrjµldeZd
vfèkdkjh us eksgu dks vkM+s gkFkksa fy;kA (Ä) le; dh ikcanh ij ,d fucaèk fy[kksA
(x) vaèks osQ gkFk cVsj yxuk — vui<+ jes'k dk mRrjµldeZd
fookg ftl yM+dh ls gqvk gS] og cgqr i<+h&fy[kh (p) eSa ihNs&ihNs nkSM+ jgk FkkA
gSA ;g rks ,slk gh gqvk fd vaèks osQ gkFkksa cVsj yx mRrjµvdeZd
x;kA
5- ^bd* izR;; yxkdj 'kCn cukb,A
(?k) yksgs osQ pus pckuk — ijh{kk esa vPNs vad ysus osQ
fy, fon~;k£Fk;ksa dks yksgs osQ pus pckus iM+rs gSAa fopkj] bfrgkl] lalkj] fnu] uhfr] iz;ksx] vf/dkjA
(Ä) nk¡rksa ilhuk vkuk — bl dk;Z dks djus osQ fy, mRrj % fopkj + bd ¾ oSpkfjd
bruh esgur dh fd eq>s nk¡rksa ilhuk vk x;kA uhfr + bd ¾ uSfrd
(p) ,sjk&xSjk uRFkw [kSjk — og ,sjk&xSjk uRFkw [kSjk ls bfrgkl + bd ¾ ,sfrgkfld
dksbZ okLrk ugha j[kuk pkgrkA iz;ksx + bd ¾ izk;ksfxd
3- fuEufyf[kr rRle] rn~Hko] ns'kh] vkxr 'kCnksa dks lalkj + bd ¾ lkalkfjd
fn, x, mnkgj.kksa osQ vkèkkj ij Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,A
vfèkdkj + bd ¾ vkfèkdkfjd
rRle rn~Hko ns'kt
fnu + bd ¾ nSfud
tUefln~èk vk¡[k nky&Hkkr

5 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 vU; ijh{kksi;ksxh egRoiw.kZ iz'uksRrj (CCE in~/fr ij vk/kfjr)

xn~;ka'k vk/kfjr iz'uksRrj mudks viuh liQkbZ nsuk pkgrk Fkk] ¯drq viuh lI+kQkbZ esa
oqQN dg ugha ikrk FkkA HkkbZ osQ xqLls vkSj muosQ vdkV~;
1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k osQ vkèkkj ij ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,A rdks± ls og Mj tkrk Fkk vkSj oqQN cksy ugha ikrk FkkA
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
(N) ys[kd dks pqi ns[kdj HkkbZ dk crkZo oSQlk gks tkrk\
esjk th i<+us esa fcyoqQy u yxrk FkkA ,d ?kaVk Hkh fdrkc ysdj
cSBuk igkM+ FkkA ekSdk ikrs gh gksLVy ls fudydj eSnku esa vk tkrk mRrj % ys[kd dks vius lkeus pqi ns[kdj HkkbZ dks ,slk yxrk tSls
vkSj dHkh dadfj;k¡ mNkyrk] dHkh dkxt dh frrfy;k¡ mM+krk vkSj mlus viuk vijkèk eku fy;kA og viuh fot; ij eqldjkus
dgha dksbZ lkFkh fey x;k] rks iwNuk gh D;kA dHkh pkjnhokjh ij yxrs rFkk ys[kd dks Mk¡Vuk Hkwy tkrsA
p<+dj uhps owQn jgs gSaA dHkh iQkVd ij lokj] mls vkxs&ihNs pykrs 2- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k osQ vkèkkj ij ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,A
gq, eksVjdkj dk vkuan mBk jgs gSa] ysfdu dejs esa vkrs gh HkkbZ bl rjg vaxzs”kh i<+ksxs] rks ¯”knxh&Hkj i<+rs jgksxs vkSj ,d gI+kZQ u
lkgc dk og #æ&:i ns[kdj çk.k lw[k tkrsA mudk igyk loky vk,xkA vaxzs”kh i<+uk dksbZ g¡lh&[ksy ugha gS fd tks pkgs] i<+ ys] ugha
;g gksrkµ^dgk¡ Fks\* ges'kk ;gh loky] blh èofu esa ges'kk iwNk rks ,sjk&xSjk uRFkw&[kSjk lHkh vaxzs”kh osQ fon~oku gks tkrsA ;gk¡ jkr&fnu
tkrk Fkk vkSj bldk tokc esjs ikl osQoy ekSu FkkA u tkus esjs eq¡g vk¡[ksa iQksM+uh iM+rh gSa vkSj [kwu tykuk iM+rk gS] rc dgha ;g fo|k
ls ;g ckr D;ksa u fudyrh fd ”kjk ckgj [ksy jgk FkkA esjk ekSu dg vkrh gSA vkSj vkrh D;k gS] gk¡ dgus dks vk tkrh gSA cM+s&cM+s
nsrk Fkk fd eq>s viuk vijkèk Lohdkj gS vkSj HkkbZ lkgc osQ fy, fon~oku Hkh 'kq¼ vaxzsth ugha fy[k ldrs] cksyuk rks nwj jgkA vkSj eSa
mlosQ flok vkSj bykt u Fkk fd Lusg vkSj jks"k osQ feys gq, 'kCnksa dgrk gw¡] rqe fdrus ?kksa?kk gks fd eq>s ns[kdj Hkh lcd ugha ysrsA eSa
esa esjk lRdkj djsaA fdruh esgur djrk gw¡] ;g rqe viuh vk¡[kksa ls ns[krs gks] vxj ugha
(d) ikB rFkk ys[kd dk uke fyf[k,A ns[krs] rks ;g rqEgkjh vk¡[kksa dk dlwj gS] rqEgkjh cqn~fèk dk dlwj gSA
mRrj % ikB dk uke gS ^cM+s HkkbZ lkgc* rFkk blosQ ys[kd gSa eqa'kh brus esys&rek'ks gksrs gSa] eq>s rqeus dHkh ns[kus tkrs ns[kk gS\ jks”k gh
çsepanA fØosQV vkSj gkWdh eSp gksrs gSaA eSa ikl ugha iQVdrkA ges'kk i<+rk
([k) ys[kd vkSj mlosQ cM+s HkkbZ dgk¡ jgrs Fks\ jgrk gw¡A ml ij Hkh ,d&,d njts esa nks&nks] rhu&rhu lky iM+k
mRrj % ys[kd vkSj mlosQ cM+s HkkbZ Nk=kkokl esa jgrs FksA ys[kd jgrk gw¡] fiQj Hkh rqe oSQls vk'kk djrs gks fd rqe ;ksa [ksy&owQn esa
vius HkkbZ osQ lkFk ,d gh dejs esa jgrk FkkA oDr x¡okdj ikl gks tkvksxs\ eq>s rks nks gh rhu lky yxrs gSa] rqe
mez&Hkj blh njts esa iM+s lM+rs jgksxs\ vxj rqEgsa bl rjg mez x¡okuh
(x) ys[kd dks D;k dke igkM+ yxrk Fkk\ gS] rks csgrj gS] ?kj pys tkvks vkSj ekSt ls xqYyh&MaMk [ksyksA nknk
mRrj % ys[kd dks ,d ?kaVk Hkh fdrkc ysdj cSBuk igkM+ yxrk FkkA dh xk<+h dekbZ osQ #i;s D;ksa cjckn djrs gks\
mldk i<+kbZ esa fcyoqQy eu ugha yxrk FkkA mldh #fp
(d) bl xn~;ka'k esa dkSu fdldks le>k jgk gS\
[ksyksa rFkk euksjatd xfrfofèk;ksa esa vfèkd jgrh FkhA
mRrj % bl xn~;ka'k esa ys[kd osQ cM+s HkkbZ mudks le>k jgs gSaA NksVk
(?k) ys[kd dejs esa vkdj D;ksa Mj tkrk Fkk\
HkkbZ ;kuh fd ys[kd dk [ksyowQn esa ”;knk eu yxrk gSA
mRrj % ys[kd osQ cM+s HkkbZ cgqr vuq'kklufç; FksA mls yxrk Fkk fd
blfy, cM+s HkkbZ mls i<+us osQ fy, dg jgs gSaA
dejs esa tkdj tSls gh cM+s HkkbZ dk lkeuk gksxk og mlls
loky&tokc djsaxs] i<+kbZ osQ ckjs esa iwNsaxs] dgk¡ Fkk blosQ ([k) cM+s HkkbZ lkgc vius NksVs HkkbZ dks D;k le>k jgs gSa\
ckjs esa Hkh iwNsaxs rFkk Mk¡Vsaxs HkhA blh dkj.k og dejs esa mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ vius NksVs HkkbZ dks vaxzs”kh fo"k; osQ ckjs esa crk jgs
vkdj Mj tkrk FkkA Fks fd ;g cgqr dfBu fo"k; gSA bls vklkuh vkSj ykijokgh
(Ä) ys[kd dks fdl ph”k esa [kq'kh feyrh Fkh\ ls ugha i<+ ldrsA vxj esgur ugha djksxs rks isQy gks
mRrj % ys[kd dks [ksyus&owQnus vkSj ?kweus&fiQjus esa cgqr [kq'kh tkvksxsA blfy, esgur ls i<+kbZ djksA
feyrh FkhA blh dkj.k ekSdk ikrs gh og gksLVy ls ckgj vk (x) cM+k HkkbZ vius fo"k; esa NksVs HkkbZ dks D;k crkrk gS\
tkrk FkkA dHkh dadfj;k¡ mNkyrk] dHkh frrfy;k¡ mM+krk mRrj % NksVs HkkbZ ls cM+k HkkbZ vius ckjs esa dgrk gS fd og cgqr
vkSj dgha dksbZ lkFkh fey tkrk rks [kwc eVjx'rh djrkA esgur djrk gSA viuk le; fdlh Hkh [ksy&owQn o vU;
(p) ys[kd HkkbZ osQ lkeus pqi D;ksa gks tkrk Fkk\ euksjatu esa cjckn ugha djrkA og ges'kk i<+rk jgrk gSA fiQj
mRrj % ys[kd vius HkkbZ dk Øksèk ns[kdj pqi gks tkrk FkkA og Hkh ikl ugha gksrk rks og [ksy&owQndj oSQls ikl gks ik,xkA

6 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 (?k) cM+k HkkbZ NksVs HkkbZ dks D;k lykg nsrk gS vkSj D;ksa\ (?k) ys[kd Vkbe&Vscy ij vey D;ksa ugha dj ikrk Fkk\
mRrj % cM+k HkkbZ vius vKku vkSj v;ksX;rk osQ dkj.k Mjk gqvk gSA mRrj % ys[kd ;kstukcn~èk rjhosQ ls i<+kbZ djus osQ fy, Vkbe&Vscy
mls viuh de”kksjh dk Kku gSA og le>rk gS fd tSls cukrk FkkA bl Vkbe Vscy esa [ksyus&owQnus rFkk vU; fdlh
mlosQ lkFk gqvk gS oSls gh mlosQ HkkbZ osQ lkFk Hkh gks ldrk euksjatu dk le; fcyoqQy ugha jgrkA blh dkj.k og ml
gSA blhfy, NksVs HkkbZ dks ijke'kZ nsrk gS fd [ksy&owQn esa ij vey ugha dj ikrk FkkA
viuk le; O;FkZ er x¡okvksA (Ä) fujk'kk osQ ckny iQVus ij D;k gksrk\
3- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k osQ vkèkkj ij ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,A mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ dh ckrsa lqudj ys[kd dk eu fujk'k gks tkrk Fkk]
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)] ¯drq tc fujk'kk lekIr gks tkrh Fkh rks og eu esa n`<+
eSa ;g yrkM+ lqudj vk¡lw cgkus yxrkA tokc gh D;k FkkA vijkèk fu'p; djrk fd og yxuiwoZd i<+kbZ djsxkA blosQ fy, og
rks eSaus fd;k] yrkM+ dkSu lgs\ HkkbZ lkgc mins'k dh dyk esa fuiq.k ,d Vkbe&Vscy rS;kj djrk ftlosQ vuqlkj i<+kbZ dj losQA
FksA ,slh&,slh yxrh ckrsa dgrs] ,sls&,sls lwfDr&ck.k pykrs fd esjs
4- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k osQ vkèkkj ij ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,A
ftxj osQ VqdM+s&VqdM+s gks tkrs vkSj fgEer VwV tkrhA bl rjg tku
rksM+dj esgur djus dh 'kfDr eSa vius esa u ikrk Fkk vkSj ml fujk'kk lkykuk bfErgku gqvkA HkkbZ lkgc I+ksQy gks x,] eSa ikl gks x;k vkSj
esa ”kjk nsj osQ fy, eSa lkspus yxrkµ^D;ksa u ?kj pyk tkÅ¡A tks dke njts esa çFke vk;kA esjs vkSj muosQ chp esa osQoy nks lky dk varj
esjs cwrs osQ ckgj gS] mlesa gkFk Mkydj D;ksa viuh ¯”knxh [kjkc jg x;kA th esa vk;k] HkkbZ lkgc dks vkM+s gkFkksa yw¡µ^vkidh og ?kksj
d:¡A* eq>s viuk ew[kZ jguk eatwj Fkk] ysfdu mruh esgur ls eq>s rks riL;k dgk¡ xbZ\ eq>s nsf[k,] e”ks ls [ksyrk Hkh jgk vkSj njts esa
pDdj vk tkrk Fkk] ysfdu ?kaVs&nks ?kaVs osQ ckn fujk'kk osQ ckny iQV vOoy Hkh gw¡A* ysfdu og brus nq[kh vkSj mnkl Fks fd eq>s muls
tkrs vkSj eSa bjknk djrk fd vkxs ls [kwc th yxkdj i<+¡xw kA pViV fnyh gennhZ gqbZ vkSj muosQ ?kko ij ued fNM+dus dk fopkj gh
,d Vkbe&Vscy cuk MkyrkA fcuk igys ls uD'kk cuk, dksbZ Ldhe yTtkLin tku iM+kA gk¡] vc eq>s vius Åij oqQN vfHkeku gqvk vkSj
rS;kj fd, cxSj dke oSQls 'kq: d:¡A Vkbe&Vscy esa [ksyowQn dh en vkRelEeku Hkh c<+kA HkkbZ lkgc dk og jkSc eq> ij u jgkA vk”kknh
fcyoqQy mM+ tkrhA çkr%dky N% cts mBuk] eq¡g&gkFk èkks] uk'rk ls [ksyowQn esa 'kjhd gksus yxkA fny e”kcwr FkkA vxj mUgksaus fiQj
dj] i<+us cSB tkukA N% ls vkB rd vaxzs”kh] vkB ls ukS rd fglkc] esjh I+kQthgr dh] rks lkIk+ Q dg nw¡xkµ^vkius viuk [kwu tykdj dkSu&lk
ukS ls lk<+s ukS rd bfrgkl] fiQj Hkkstu vkSj LowQyA lk<+s rhu cts rhj ekj fy;kA eSa rks [ksyrs&owQnrs njts esa vOoy vk x;k* ”kcku ls
LowQy ls okfil gksdj vkèkk ?kaVk vkjke] pkj ls ik¡p rd Hkwxksy] ;g gsdM+h trkus dk lkgl u gksus ij Hkh esjs jax&<ax ls lkI+kQ ”kkfgj
ik¡p ls N% rd xzkej] vkèkk ?kaVk gksLVy osQ lkeus gh Vgyuk] lk<+s gksrk Fkk fd HkkbZ lkgc dk og vkrad eq> ij ugha FkkA HkkbZ lkgc
N% ls lkr rd vaxzs”kh daiks”kh'ku] fiQj Hkkstu djosQ vkB ls ukS rd us bls Hkk¡i fy;kµmudh lgt cqn~fèk cM+h rhoz Fkh vkSj ,d fnu tc
vuqokn] ukS ls nl rd ¯gnh] nl ls X;kjg rd fofoèk&fo"k;] fiQj eSa Hkksj dk lkjk le; xqYyh&MaMs dh HksaV djosQ Bhd Hkkstu osQ le;
foJkeA ykSVk] rks HkkbZ lkgc us ekuks ryokj [khap yh vkSj eq> ij VwV
(d) cM+s HkkbZ dh Mk¡V lqudj ys[kd dh D;k n'kk gksrh Fkh\ iM+sµns[krk gw¡] bl lky ikl gks x, vkSj njts esa vOoy vk x,] rks
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ dh Mk¡V lqudj ys[kd vk¡lw cgkus yxrk FkkA i<+kbZ rqEgsa fnekx gks x;k gS] exj HkkbZtku] ?keaM rks cM+s&cM+s dk ugha jgk]
u djus dk vijkèk rks og djrk gh FkkA mldk eu rqEgkjh D;k gLrh gS\ bfrgkl esa jko.k dk gky rks i<+k gh gksxk A
[ksyus&owQnus esa gh vfèkd yxrk FkkA blh dkj.k mls Mk¡V (d) lkykuk bfErgku dk D;k urh”kk fudyk\
Hkh iM+rh FkhA ¯drq HkkbZ osQ Mk¡Vus ij mls cgqr cqjk yxrk mRrj % lkykuk bfErgku dk urh”kk fudyk vkSj ys[kd ikl gks
FkkA lkFk gh viuh xyfr;ksa dk vglkl Hkh gksrk FkkA x;kA d{kk esa çFke vk;kA cM+s HkkbZ lkgc i- sQy gks x,A vc
([k) ys[kd Mk¡V lquus osQ ckn D;k djrk Fkk\ nksuksa osQ chp esa osQoy nks lky dk varj jg x;kA
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ dh Mk¡V lquus osQ ckn ys[kd dh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw vk ([k) NksVs HkkbZ osQ eu esa D;k fopkj vk;k\ mlus D;k fd;k\
tkrs FksA og Hkfo"; esa xyrh dks u nksgjkus dk ladYi ysrk mRrj % NksVs HkkbZ osQ eu esa fopkj vk;k fd bruk i<+us ij Hkh cM+s
FkkA iQVkiQV Vkbe&Vscy cukus yxrk FkkA HkkbZ i- sQy gks x,A eq>s iwjs lky Mk¡Vrs jgsA mlosQ eu esa HkkbZ
(x) ys[kd dks dkSu&lk dke cgqr dfBu vkSj vlaHko tku osQ çfr çfrdkj dh Hkkouk txhA vc mudk mruk jkSc HkkbZ
iM+rk Fkk\ ij ugha jgkA
mRrj % fnu&jkr i<+kbZ djuk ys[kd dks cgqr dfBu yxrk FkkA (x) NksVs HkkbZ us cM+s HkkbZ osQ uje O;ogkj dk I+kQk;nk fdl
bruh esgur djus esa og vius vki dks vleFkZ ikrk FkkA çdkj mBk;k\
mls yxrk Fkk fd tks dke mlosQ cwrs ls ckgj gS] mlesa gkFk mRrj % ijh{kk esa çFke vkus ls ys[kd dks vius Åij vfHkeku gks
ugha Mkyuk pkfg,A x;kA mldk vkRe&lEeku Hkh c<+kA og vc vk”kknh ls

7 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 [ksyus&owQnus yxkA og HkkbZ osQ jkSc&nkc dks ugha ekurk FkkA (Ä) liQy f[kykM+h dkSu gksrk gS\
mlus mudks tokc nsus osQ fy, Hkh [kqn dks rS;kj dj mRrj % ys[kd dk cM+k HkkbZ mlosQ [ksy&owQn] euksjatu vkSj euekuh
fy;k FkkA ls cgqr nq[kh gSA og ys[kd dks i<+kbZ djus rFkk viuk
(?k) HkkbZ lkgc us NksVs HkkbZ dks Mk¡Vrs gq, D;k dgk\ dguk ekuus osQ fy, etcwj djuk pkgrk gSA blh dkj.k
mRrj % HkkbZ lkgc us NksVs HkkbZ dks Mk¡Vrs gq, dgk fd rqe ikl gks ys[kd dks dgrk gS fd vpkud liQyrk ikus okyk liQy
x, vkSj njts esa çFke vk x, rks rqEgkjk fnekx gks x;k gSA f[kykM+h ugha gksrkA liQy og gksrk gS ftldk dksbZ fu'kkuk
ysfdu D;k rqEgsa irk ugha fd ?keaM rks jko.k dk ugha jgk [kkyh ugha tkrkA
rks rqe viuh ckr rks NksM+ gh nksA
(Ä) cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dk jkSc&nkc D;ksa [kRe gks x;k\ 6- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k osQ vkèkkj ij ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,A
mRrj % NksVk HkkbZ d{kk esa çFke vk;k vkSj cM+k HkkbZ i- sQy gks x;kA fiQj lkykuk bfErgku gqvk vkSj oqQN ,slk la;ksx gqvk fd eSa fiQj ikl
blh dkj.k NksVs HkkbZ osQ eu esa cM+s HkkbZ osQ çfr mruh Jn~èkk gqvk vkSj HkkbZ lkgc fiQj I+ksQy gks x,A eSaus cgqr esgur ugha dh] ij
ugha jghA blh dkj.k cM+s HkkbZ dk jkSc&nkc mruk ugha jgkA u tkus oSQls njts esa vOoy vk x;kA eq>s [kqn vpjt gqvkA HkkbZ
lkgc us çk.kkard ifjJe fd;kA dkslZ dk ,d&,d 'kCn pkV x, Fks]
5- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k osQ vkèkkj ij ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,A
nl cts jkr rd bèkj] pkj cts Hkkst ls mèkj] N% ls lk<+s ukS rd
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
LowQy tkus osQ igysA eqæk dkafrghu gks xbZ FkhA exj cspkjs I+ksQy gks
'kSrku dk gky Hkh i<+k gh gksxkA mls ;g vfHkeku gqvk Fkk fd bZ'oj
x,A eq>s mu ij n;k vkrh FkhA urhtk lquk;k x;k] rks og jks iM+s vkSj
dk mlls c<+dj lPpk HkDr dksbZ gS gh ughaA var esa ;g gqvk fd
eSa Hkh jksus yxkA vius ikl gksus dh [kq'kh vkèkh gks xbZA eSa Hkh I+ksQy
LoxZ ls ujd esa <osQy fn;k x;kA 'kkgs:e us Hkh ,d ckj vgadkj
gks x;k gksrk] rks HkkbZ lkgc dks bruk nq%[k u gksrk] ysfdu fofèk dh
fd;k FkkA Hkh[k ek¡x&ek¡xdj ej x;kA rqeus rks vHkh osQoy ,d
ckr dkSu Vkys!
njtk ikl fd;k gS vkSj vHkh ls rqEgkjk flj fiQj x;k] rc rks rqe
vkxs i<+ pqosQA ;g le> yks fd rqe viuh esgur ls ugha ikl gq,] esjs vkSj HkkbZ lkgc osQ chp esa vc osQoy ,d njts dk varj vkSj
vaèks osQ gkFk cVsj yx xbZA exj cVsj osQoy ,d ckj gkFk yx ldrh jg x;kA esjs eu esa ,d oqQfVy Hkkouk mn; gqbZ fd dgha HkkbZ lkgc
gS] ckj&ckj ugha yx ldrhA dHkh&dHkh xqYyh&MaMs esa Hkh vaèkk&pksV ,d lky vkSj I+ksQy gks tk,¡] rks eSa muosQ cjkcj gks tkÅ¡] fiQj og
fu'kkuk iM+ tkrk gSA blls dksbZ liQy f[kykM+h ugha gks tkrkA liQy fdl vkèkkj ij esjh I+kQthgr dj losaQxs] ysfdu eSaus bl fopkj dks
f[kykM+h og gS] ftldk dksbZ fu'kkuk [kkyh u tk,A fny ls cyiwoZd fudky MkykA vkf[kj og eq>s esjs fgr osQ fopkj
ls gh rks Mk¡Vrs gSaA eq>s ml oDr vfç; yxrk gS vo';] exj ;g
(d) 'kSrku dk D;k gky gqvk vkSj D;ksa\
'kk;n muosQ mins'kksa dk gh vlj gS fd eSa nuknu ikl gks tkrk gw¡
mRrj % 'kSrku dks vius Åij ;g vfHkeku gks x;k Fkk fd ogh bZ'oj
vkSj brus vPNs uacjksa lsA
dk lcls cM+k HkDr gSA bl vfHkeku osQ dkj.k mls LoxZ ls
ujd esa èkosQy fn;k x;k FkkA mldk var cgqr cqjk gqvkA (d) lkykuk bfErgku dk D;k urhtk fudyk\
([k) cM+s HkkbZ us NksVs HkkbZ dh liQyrk ij D;k dgk\ mRrj % lkykuk bfErgku dk urhtk Hkh igys tSlk gh fudykA cM+k
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ us NksVs HkkbZ ls dgk fd rqe viuh esgur ls ugha HkkbZ fiQj I+ksQy gks x;k vkSj NksVk HkkbZ fiQj ls ikl gks x;k
ikl gq, gksA ysfdu viuh liQyrk ij rqEgsa vfHkeku gks x;k vkSj d{kk esa çFke vk;kA
gSA ij ,slk ckj&ckj ugha gksxkA liQyrk osQ fy, esgur ([k) cM+s HkkbZ us fdruk ifjJe fd;k Fkk\
djuh iM+rh gSA mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ us ijh{kk osQ fy, cgqr ifjJe fd;k FkkA os
(x) 'kkgs:e dh D;k n'kk gqbZ\ fnu&jkr i<+rs jgrs FksA os jkr osQ nl cts rd fiQj lqcg
mRrj % 'kkgs:e us Hkh vgadkj fd;k FkkA vgadkj osQ dkj.k var esa pkj cts ls mBdj i<+rs FksA fiQj LowQy tkus ls igys N%
mls Hkh[k ek¡xuh iM+hA Hkh[k ek¡xrs&ek¡xrs gh mldh ekSr cts ls lk<+s ukS cts rd i<+rs FksA os dkslZ dk ,d&,d 'kCn
gks xbZA jV x, FksA i<+kbZ vkSj ifjJe osQ dkj.k mudk eq[k fuLrst
gks x;k FkkA
(?k) cM+s HkkbZ dh eu%fLFkfr dk o.kZu dhft,A
mRrj % cM+k HkkbZ ckj&ckj ijh{kk esa isQy gks tkrk gS ftlosQ dkj.k (x) fdldh [kq'kh vèkwjh jg xbZ vkSj D;ksa\
mlosQ eu esa oqQaBk ?kj dj xbZ gSA vius ls NksVs dks blh mRrj % ys[kd dh [kq'kh cM+s HkkbZ osQ I+ksQy gksus ls vèkwjh jg xbZA
oaqQBk osQ dkj.k Mk¡Vrk jgrk gSA mldks ges'kk mins'k nsrk I+ksQy gksus ij cM+s HkkbZ jksus yxsA mUgsa ns[kdj ys[kd Hkh jksus
jgrk gSA dgha&u&dgha mlosQ eu esa HkkbZ dh liQyrk ij yxkA mls vius ikl gksus dh [kq'kh rks gqbZ ij oks vèkwjh&lh
bZ";kZ&Hkko Hkh vk tkrk gSA çrhr gqbZ D;ksafd og cM+s HkkbZ osQ I+ksQy gksus ls nq[kh FkkA

8 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 (?k) oqQfVy Hkkouk fdlosQ eu esa vkbZ\ gh d{kk esa vk tk,A ¯drq mez esa oks ys[kd ls lnk cM+k
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ osQ yxkrkj nks ckj i- sQy gksus ls ys[kd vkSj cM+s HkkbZ esa jgsxk vkSj bl dkj.k NksVs HkkbZ dks Mk¡Vus dk mudks iwjk
fl-iZQ ,d d{kk dk varj jg x;kA bl ij ys[kd osQ eu esa vfèkdkj gSA og mldks dgha Hkh] dHkh Hkh Mk¡V ldrk gSA
,d oqQfVy fopkj vk;kA mlus eu esa lkspk fd ;fn cM+k HkkbZ mez osQ bl varj dks dksbZ >qByk ugha ldrkA og lnk mldk
,d lky vkSj i- sQy gks tk, rks nksuksa ,d gh d{kk esa vk tk,¡xsA cM+k HkkbZ gh jgsxkA
rc cM+k HkkbZ ys[kd dk ckr&ckr ij vieku ugha dj ik,xkA 7- NksVs HkkbZ osQ eu esa cM+s HkkbZ lkgc osQ çfr Jn~èkk mRiUu
gksus osQ D;k dkj.k Fks\ ^cM+s HkkbZ lkgc* ikB osQ vkèkkj
y?kwRrjkRed ç'uksRrj ij vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A (Outside Delhi 2010)
mRrj % NksVk HkkbZ vius cM+s HkkbZ dh fgnk;rksa dks xaHkhjrk ls ugha
1- NksVk HkkbZ dkSu&ls dk;ks± esa #fp ysrk Fkk\ ysrk FkkA cM+s HkkbZ osQ ijh{kk esa nks ckj yxkrkj isQy gksus ls
mRrj % NksVs HkkbZ dh #fp [ksyus esa vfèkd FkhA og viuk vfèkdka'k og mudh ckrksa ij vkSj Hkh è;ku ugha nsrk FkkA HkkbZ mlosQ
le; [ksyus esa fcrkrk FkkA dHkh og dadfj;k mNkyrk] bl joS;s dks Hkk¡i x,A mUgksaus mls vuqHko vkSj cM+Iiu dk
dHkh dkxt dh frrfy;k¡ mM+rk] pkjnhokjh ij p<+dj egRo le>k;kA HkkbZ dh ckrsa lqudj ys[kd Jn~èkk ls
owQnrk rks dHkh iQkVd ij p<+dj eksVj lkbfdy pykus dk ureLrd gks x;kA og cM+s HkkbZ dk vknj djus yxkA
vkuan ysrkA mlosQ fy, ,d ?kaVk Hkh i<+uk eqf'dy FkkA
2- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc NksVs HkkbZ dks D;ksa ulhgr nsrs jgrs Fks\ fucaèkkRed ç'uksRrj
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ lkgc NksVs HkkbZ dks lnk i<+us osQ fy, ulhgr nsrs 1- bl ikB ls gesa D;k f'k{kk (lans'k) feyrh gS\
jgrs FksA os NksVs HkkbZ dks [ksy&owQn can djosQ i<+us osQ fy, mRrj % bl ikB ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd gesa viuh {kerk]
dgrs FksA os dgrs Fks fd cqn~fèk dk fodkl ”k:jh gSA cM+s ifjfLFkfr vkSj lhek dks le>uk pkfg, vkSj mlh osQ vuq:i
HkkbZ us dbZ ?keaMh jktkvksa vkSj nsorkvksa osQ iru osQ mnkgj.k O;ogkj djuk pkfg,A nwljksa esa deh <w¡<+us ls igys viuh
Hkh fn,A os dgrs fd eSa bruk i<+rk gw¡ rks Hkh ,d d{kk esa deh dks ns[kuk pkfg,A ;fn geesa gh deh gS rks nwljksa dks
dbZ ckj isQy gks tkrk gw¡A fiQj rqe [ksy&owQn djus osQ ckn mins'k nsus dk D;k vfèkdkjA gesa i<+kbZ dks gkSok ugha cukuk
oSQls i<+kbZ djksxsA mUgksaus vkxs dh dfBu i<+kbZ ls Mjk;k HkhA pkfg,A i<+kbZ dks lgt vkSj LokHkkfod :i ls ysuk pkfg,A
3- vax”sz kh Hkk"kk osQ fo"k; esa cM+s HkkbZ lkgc osQ D;k fopkj Fks\ fnekx ij ijh{kk dk ruko j[kdj pkSchlksa ?kaVs fdrkch dhM+k
mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ lkgc vaxzs”kh osQ ckjs esa dgrs Fks fd vaxzs”kh i<+uk ugha cuuk pkfg,A blls fnekx Hkh dke djuk can dj nsrk
dksbZ g¡lh&[ksy ugha gSA mls i<+us osQ fy, jkr&fnu vk¡[ksa iQksMu+ h gSA i<+kbZ dks jVuk ugha pkfg,A viuh le> dks fodflr
iM+rh gSaA ,sjk&xSjk vaxzs”kh ugha i<+ ldrkA cM+s&cM+s fon~oku djus dk ç;kl djsaA [ksy&owQn vkSj i<+kbZ] ,d&nwljs osQ
Hkh 'kqn~èk vaxzs”kh ugha fy[k ikrsA vax”zs kh i<+u&s le>us osQ fy, fojksèkh ugha] lgk;d gks ldrs gSaA
dfBu ifjJe djuk iM+rk gSA os viuk mnkgj.k Hkh nsrs gSaA 2- vR;fèkd ifjJe djus osQ ckotwn Hkh cM+s HkkbZ lkgc
4- bl ikB n~okjk gekjh f'k{kk in~èkfr dh dkSu&lh deh I+ksQy D;ksa gks tkrs Fks\ vius fopkj fyf[k,A
dh tkudkjh feyh\ mRrj % cM+s HkkbZ lkgc LoHkko ls cM+s vè;;u'khy FksA gjne
mRrj % bl ikB osQ n~okjk gesa f'k{kk esa jVus osQ xq.k&nks"kksa dk irk fdrkc [kksys cSBs jgrs FksA og jV~Vw rksrk FksA og i<+kbZ dks
pyrk gSA vkt dh f'k{kk jVus ij tksj nsrh gSA vfèkdka'k ruko cukdj j[krs FksA muosQ fnekx esa dksbZ Hkh ckr ugha
Nk=k iqLrd osQ ikBksa dks jV ysrs gSaA ;fn f'k{kk esa O;kogkfjd cSBrhA blfy, mudk ekuuk Fkk fd i<+kbZ cgqr dfBu gS
Kku gksrk rks 'kk;n bruh mckÅ u gksrhA vkSj vlkè; Hkh gSA blh dkj.k os lkeus rks fdrkc [kksys cSBs
5- ys[kd dh LoPNanrk dk ifj.kke D;k gqvk\ jgrs Fks] ¯drq mudk eu dgha vkSj HkVdrk jgrk FkkA blh
mRrj % ys[kd osQ LoPNan gksus ls i<+kbZ osQ ifj.kke esa rks dksbZ varj dkj.k os dkfi;ksa esa oqQRrs] fpfM+;ksa] fcfYy;ksa osQ fp=k cukrs
ugha vk;k] ¯drq mlus i<+uk&fy[kuk fcyoqQy NksM+ fn;k] jgrs FksA dHkh i<+kbZ osQ uke ij nl&chl 'kCn ,sls fy[ks
vkSj iwjk è;ku [ksy esa yxk fn;kA HkkbZ osQ vuq'kklu vkSj jgrs Fks ftudk i<+kbZ ls nwj&nwj rd dk okLrk ugha FkkA
ulhgrksa dks ekuuk Hkh NksM+ fn;kA i<+kbZ esa esgur osQ uke ij fnu&jkr fdrkc [kksy dj cSBs
6- cM+k HkkbZ NksVs HkkbZ ij viuk gd tekus osQ fy, D;k jgrs FksA blhfy, ,d gh d{kk esa nks&rhu ckj isQy gks tkrs
roZQ nsrk gS\ FksA cM+k HkkbZ viuh vKkurk vkSj v;ksX;rk osQ dkj.k i<+kbZ
mRrj % cM+k HkkbZ ys[kd ls dgrk gS fd og pkgs fdruh ckj ls Mjk gqvk FkkA mls yxrk Fkk fd eSa bruh esgur djrk gw¡
bfErgku esa isQy gks tk,] i<+kbZ esa Hkh detksj jgsA nksuksa ,d fiQj Hkh I+ksQy gks tkrk gw¡A vr% ;g i<+kbZ cgqr dfBu gSA

9 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 3- cM+k HkkbZ fdu mnkgj.kksa n~okjk vuqHko dks egRoiw.kZ cM+k HkkbZ NksVs HkkbZ ls dgrk gS fd vfèkd ?keaM djus ij
crkrk gS\ mls Hkh fry&fry dj ejuk iM+sxkA
mRrj % cM+k HkkbZ viuh ek¡] nknk rFkk gsM ekLVj dh cw<+h ek¡ dk 5- cM+s HkkbZ dh fdu ckrksa ls yxrk gS fd og NksVs HkkbZ
mnkgj.k nsdj vuqHko dks egRoiw.kZ crkrk gSA og dgrk gS ij 'kklu djuk pkgrk gS\
fd ;s rhuksa i<+s&fy[ks ugha gSa ¯drq mUgsa ¯tnxh dk vuqHko mRrj % cM+k HkkbZ fdrkch f'k{kk dh txg thou osQ vuqHko dks
cgqr gSA og ;g Hkh dgrk gS fd fdrkch Kku ls ugha vfèkd egRoiw.kZ vkSj mi;ksxh crkrk gSA og lnk vkpj.k
vuqHko osQ ekeys esa oks vHkh Hkh mllss cM+k gSA dks egRoiw.kZ crkrk gSA NksVs HkkbZ osQ [ksy&owQn vkSj mldh
4- cM+k HkkbZ NksVs HkkbZ osQ ?keaM dk fojksèk fdu mnkgj.kksa LoPNanrk ij fu;a=k.k j[krk gSA mlls iwNrk jgrk gS fd og
n~okjk djrk gS\ dgk¡ Fkk\ D;k dj jgk Fkk\ NksVs HkkbZ osQ [ksyus vkSj u i<+us
mRrj % cM+k HkkbZ vius NksVs HkkbZ dks fu;a=k.k esa j[kuk pkgrk gSA blh ij yacs&yacs Hkk"k.k nsrk jgrk Fkk] ftlesa i<+kbZ osQ dfBu
dkj.k mls ?keaMh dgrk gSA og mls le>krk gS fd ?keaM gksus] vius I+ksQy gksus] vius dks [ksy&owQn ls nwj jgus dk
cgqr cqjh ph”k gSA ?keaM ,d cqjh chekjh gSA blosQ fy, mnkgj.k nsrk FkkA vius I+ksQy gksus ij og liQyrk ls vfèkd
igyk mnkgj.k jko.k dk nsrk gSA jko.k bruk fon~oku vkSj cqn~fèk osQ fodkl dks egRoiw.kZ crkrk FkkA og vius Kku dks
cy'kkyh jktk Fkk] ysfdu vius ?keaM osQ dkj.k mldh c<+k&p<+k dj crkrk vkSj NksVs HkkbZ ij gkoh gksus dk ç;kl
ijkt; gqbZ] mldk vfHkeku pwj&pwj gks x;kA blh rjg djrkA ys[kd n~okjk euekuh djus ij og mls ?keaM u djus
'kSrku dks Hkh vius ?keaM osQ dkj.k ujd Hkksxuk iM+kA rhljk dh lh[k nsrk rFkk mnkgj.k n~okjk vfHkekuh yksxksa dk oSQlk
mnkgj.k 'kkgs:e dk fn;k tks Hkh[k ek¡xrs&ek¡xrs ej x;kA var gksrk gS] ;g crkrk FkkA

-iQkWjesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,

fØ;kdyki&1 fØ;kdyki&4
ukV~;&:ikarj.k ,oa eapu le;&fu;kstu ij vuqPNsn ;k y?kq fuca/&ys[ku izfr;ksfxrk dk
d{kk osQ fon~;k£Fk;ksa dks rhu&pkj nyksa esa ck¡Vdj izR;sd ny osQ vk;kstu fd;k tk ldrk gSA le;&lhek fuf'pr gksuh pkfg,A
fon~;k£Fk;ksa dks cM+s HkkbZ lkgc uked dgkuh dks ukVd osQ :i esa fØ;kdyki&5
fy[kus osQ fy, dgk tk ldrk gSA fiQj vko';drkuqlkj mlesa okn&fookn& izkphu f'k{kk iz.kkyh cuke uohu f'k{kk iz.kkyhA
la'kks/u djosQ mldk eapu djok;k tk ldrk gSA LokHkkfod d{kk&dk;Z
laokn&okpu ,oa mi;qDr gko&Hkko ls fo|kFkhZ dh vfHku;&{kerk bl ikB osQ vkèkkj ij oqQN ekSf[kd ç'u iwNs tk ldrs gSaµ
dh ij[k dh tk ldrh gSA

;fn vkiosQ Hkh dksbZ cM+s HkkbZ ;k cgu gSa] rks muosQ LoHkko
fØ;kdyki&2 osQ ckjs esa crkb,A
lrr ,oa lexz ewY;kadu (CCE) iz.kkyh ij ifjppkZ dk
;fn vki NksVs HkkbZ osQ LFkku ij gksrs rks D;k djrs\
vk;kstu fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlesa izR;sd fon~;kFkhZ dks viuk
d{kk esa fon~;k£Fk;ksa ls le;&lkj.kh cuokbZ tk ldrh gS]
oDrO; izLrqr djus dk ekSdk fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ftlesa LowQy dh le;&lkj.kh osQ vfrfjDr 'ks"k le; dk
fØ;kdyki&3 lnqi;ksx fdl izdkj gks losQ — bl ckr dk è;ku j[ksaA
^le;&lkj.kh dk fon~;kFkhZ thou esa egRo*
d{kk esa fdlh fo"k; esa vius vad de vkus ij vFkok

bl fo"k; ij Hkk"k.k izfr;ksfxrk dk vk;kstu fd;k tk ldrk gSA loksZPp vad izkIr gksus ij oSQlk vuqHko gqvk — bl ij
cksyus osQ fy, fon~;k£Fk;ksa dks izsfjr djsaA
vFkok
le;&lkj.kh cukdj vè;;u djus ls fon~;kFkhZ dks D;k ykHk x`g&dk;Z
a bl ckjs esa vius vuqHko lqukus osQ fy, fon~;k£Fk;ksa ls
gq, gS—
ekuljksoj esa ladfyr çsepan dh vU; dgkfu;k¡ if<+, vkSj
dgk tk ldrk gSA d{kk esa lqukb,A
lrr ,oa lexz ewY;kadu (CCE) iz.kkyh vkSj esjk utfj;k ij
çsepan dh dgkfu;ksa dh D;k fo'ks"krk gS\ fyf[k,A
Hkk"k.k
ml nkSj esa f'k{kk&O;oLFkk oSQlh Fkh\ irk djosQ fyf[k,A

10 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN