Polymers 1 QP
Polymers 1 QP
[2]
[2]
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(c) The polymer known as PVA is used in paints and adhesives. Its structural formula is shown
below.
―CH2―CH―CH2―CH―
│ │
OCOCH3 OCOCH3
[1]
[3]
[Total: 8]
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2 (a) Synthetic polymers are disposed of in landfill sites and by burning.
(i) Describe two problems caused by the disposal of synthetic polymers in landfill sites.
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(c) The structural formulae of two synthetic polymers are given below.
CH2 CH CH2 CH
polymer A
CH3 CH3
O O O O
polymer B
C C O O C C O O
[2]
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(iii) Deduce the two types of organic compound which have reacted to form polymer B.
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(d) Explain the difference between addition and condensation polymers. Classify A and B as
either addition or condensation polymers.
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[Total: 12]
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3 (a) Glucose, sucrose and starch are all carbohydrates. Their formulae are:
glucose, C6H12O6,
sucrose, C12H22O11,
starch, (C6H10O5)n.
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(ii) Draw the structure of a complex carbohydrate, such as starch. The formula of glucose,
can be represented by
HO OH
[2]
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(c) The effect of temperature on this reaction can be studied by the experiment shown below.
Starch and iodine form a blue-black colour.
Glucose and iodine do not form a blue-black colour.
water at different
temperatures
The experiment is set up as in the diagram and the time measured for the mixture to change
from blue-black to colourless. The experiment is repeated at different temperatures.
Typical results of this experiment are given in the table below.
A 20 30
B 40 15
C 70 remained blue-black
(i) Put the experiments in order of reaction rate – slowest first and fastest last.
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(ii) Explain why the reaction rates in experiments A and B are different.
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[Total: 12]
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4 Polymers are made by the polymerisation of simple molecules called monomers.
(a)
a) The structural formula of a polymer is given below.
CH CH
CH3 CH3 n
This polymer is made by addition polymerisation. Draw the structural formula of its
monomer.
[1]
(ii) The two monomers shown below form a nylon which is a condensation polymer.
H 2N NH2
HOOC COOH
Draw its structural formula showing one repeat unit of the polymer.
[3]
(iii) Name the natural macromolecule which contains the same linkage as nylon.
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(iv) Explain the difference between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation.
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(b) Many polymers are non-biodegradable.
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(c) Storage tanks for cold water are now made from polymers because they are cheaper than
metal tanks. Suggest two other advantages of making cold water tanks from polymers.
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[Total: 14]
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5 Many monomer molecules react together to form one molecule of a polymer. This reaction is
called polymerisation.
(a) The structural formula of the polymer, poly(chloroethene), is given below. This polymer
is also known as PVC.
H H
C C
H Cl n
(i) A major use of PVC is insulation of electric cables. PVC is a poor conductor of
electricity.
Suggest another property which makes it suitable for this use.
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(ii) One way of disposing of waste PVC is by burning it. This method has the disadvantage
that poisonous gases are formed.
Suggest two poisonous gases which could be formed by the combustion of PVC.
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(b) (i) Deduce the structural formula of the monomer from that of the polymer.
H CH3
C C
H H n
[1]
(ii) Deduce the structural formula of the polymer, poly(phenylethene), from the formula
of its monomer, phenylethene.
C 6H 5 H
C C
H H
[2]
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(c) The carbohydrate, glucose, polymerises to form the more complex carbohydrate starch.
If glucose is represented by
HO OH
O O
How does the polymerisation of glucose differ from that of an alkene such as phenylethene?
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[Total: 8]
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6 Domestic rubbish is disposed of in landfillsites.Rubbishcouldincludethefollowing
items.
approximate time for
item of rubbish
item to break down
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(b) Both paper and cotton are complex carbohydrates. They can be hydrolysed to simple
sugars such as glucose.
The formula of glucose can be represented as:
HO OH
[2]
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(c) Wool is a protein. It can be hydrolysed to a mixture of monomers by enzymes.
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(iii) What type of compound are the monomers formed by the hydrolysis of proteins?
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(iv) Which technique could be used to identify the individual monomers in the mixture?
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(v) Proteins contain the amide linkage. Name a synthetic macromolecule which contains
the same linkage.
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(d)
d) What is the scientific term used to describe polymers which do not break down in
landfill sites?
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CH2 CH
C 6H 5 n
[1]
[Total: 11]
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7 Plastics are polymers. They are formed from their monomers by polymerisation.
● burning
● recycling.
burning ..............................................................................................................................
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recycling ...........................................................................................................................
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(b)
b) There are two types of polymerisation reaction. Give their names and explain the
differences between them.
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(ii) Give the structural formula of a polymer which is formed from two different monomers.
[2]
[Total: 10]
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