MUS320: Introduction to Digital Audio Signal Processing

Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) Department of Music, Stanford University Autumn Quarter, 20102011

Contents
1 Course Description 2 Administrative Information 2.1 Announcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Weekly Homework . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Oce Hours and Getting Help . . . . 2.5 Computer Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Students with Documented Disabilities 3 Textbooks 4 Lecture Outline, Schedule, and Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 5

Music 320: Introduction to Digital Audio Signal Processing

Music 320 is a rst course in digital signal processing with applications in computer music. The lectures present fundamental elements of digital audio signal processing, such as sinusoids, spectra, the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), digital lters, z transforms, transfer-function analysis, and basic Fourier analysis in the discrete-time case. Matlab is used for in-class demonstrations and homework/lab assignments. The labs focus on practical applications of the theory, with emphasis on working with waveforms and spectra, getting sound, and developing prociency in matlab. Pre-requisites: High-school level algebra and trigonometry, some calculus, and prior exposure to complex numbers.

Time and Place

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[Link] Hours Getting [Link] [Link] Outline Schedule [Link]

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2.1

Administrative Information
Announcements

Class announcements are often made via email. If you missed the sign-up sheet on the rst day, please send your email address to the TA.

2.2

Weekly Homework

There will be (roughly) weekly reading and problem/lab assignments. The assignments cover a combination of theory exercises and lab work. The lab assignments typically require programming in Matlab. Homework/Lab assignments will normally be assigned on Thursday and due the following Thursday in the mus320 mailbox (located in the Knoll, central wing, second oor). Please put your homework in the corresponding folder (e.g. homework #1 goes in folder titled hw1 ). Lab assignments will require the use of the coursework3 website to upload the necessary code and data. Late homeworks will have a penalty of 10% per day, but no homework will be accepted after the Tuesday following the due date. The solutions will normally be released the following week. Every student will be allowed 5 free late days throughout the quarter (must be used within the necessary limits dened above). Hours are rounded up to the nearest day (e.g. 1 hour late will count as 1 day, etc.). When using late days, students must write the number of late days used at the top of the assignment (date and time). Students are encouraged to discuss the homework assignments with each other. It is ne to learn from a classmate how to solve any of the homework problems, but each student is responsible for carrying out and writing up the assignments individually. It is an honor code violation to copy the work of others.

2.3

Grading

Grading will be based on the homeworks/labs, and nal. The weight of the nal is often adjusted, but 40% is typical.

2.4

Oce Hours and Getting Help

TA weekly oce hours will probably be Wednesdays evening 5:00-7:00 PM in the Seminar Room (Knoll 315). Oce hours for the instructor are primarily Tuesdays and Thursdays before and after class. More private meetings may be arranged via email. You are also welcome, of course, to catch us whenever you see us at CCRMA. In general, email is the surest and fastest way to reach us. As a rst option, please email your friendly TA regarding homework questions. Remember that students are encouraged to freely discuss the homework assignments, but that each student is responsible for individually completing and writing up each assignment. (See 2.2 above.)
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[Link]

2.5

Computer Usage

Many homework and all lab exercises will be computer based. All students may obtain a computer account at CCRMA in order to use the computer facilities. It is also possible to work entirely on your own computer, as long as you have the necessary software installed on it. Since Web access to some course materials is restricted to the Stanford domain, you should have at least one Stanford computer account. Here is how to obtain a CCRMA computer account: 1. Execute the perl script [Link] from any CCRMA workstation, and enter the requested information. You need an existing CCRMA user (such as the TA) to log in for you while you complete this step. 2. Next, ll out a printed copy of the User Registration Form, available from the TA, or from /usr/ccrma/next/Library/CCRMA-Templates at CCRMA. 3. Turn in the completed form to the TA. The TA will obtain the instructors signature and forward the form to Fernando (nando@ccrma), who will set up your account and activate your Stanford ID cards for after-hours CCRMA access. This process should take on the order of a day. Once you have your account, please log in at CCRMA and take a look at the Users guides4 tab in the left-frame menu of the main CCRMA website to learn more about computer usage and other facilities at CCRMA.

2.6

Students with Documented Disabilities

Students who have a disability which may necessitate an academic accommodation or the use of auxiliary aids and services in a class, must initiate the request with the Student Disability Resource Center (SDRC), located within the Oce of Accessible Education (OAE). The SDRC will evaluate the request with required documentation, recommend appropriate accommodations, and prepare a verication letter dated in the current academic term in which the request is being made. Please contact the SDRC as soon as possible; timely notice is needed to arrange for appropriate accommodations. The Oce of Accessible Education is located at 563 Salvatierra Walk (phone: 723-1066; TDD: 725-1067).

Textbooks
Mathematics of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT),5 by Julius O. Smith

The rst half of Music 320 is based on assigned chapters of

The second half of Music 320 is based on assigned chapters of

[Link] [Link]

Introduction to Digital Filters,6 by Julius O. Smith See 4 for the list of assigned chapters. Both books are fully available on-line. Hardcover version are available via your TA for 20 dollars a piece. Softcover versions are available from [Link].

[Link]

Lecture Outline, Schedule, and Assignments

Note: The online version7 of this schedule contains hyperlinks to all reading and assignments. To obtain printable versions of the assignments and solutions from o-campus locations, you can use commands such as
scp you@[Link]:/usr/ccrma/web/html/courses/320/hw/hw1/[Link] . scp you@[Link]:/usr/ccrma/web/html/courses/320/hw/hw1/[Link] .

Another solution is to use a Stanford proxy server such as [Link] Week 1 - Course Overview; Mathematics of Signal Representation; Introduction to Matlab Assigned Reading: Chapter 1 (DFT Intro)8 of Mathematics of the DFT.9 Chapter 2 (Complex Numbers)10 If you are not comfortable with the decibel scale, read Appendix B (Logarithms and Decibels).11 Optional: Appendix H (Sampling Theory).12 Lab presentation 0: Introduction to Matlab13 If you do not know the rules of matrix multiplication, read Appendix H (Matrices).14 Read Getting Started with Matlab15 Read the rst two sections of Appendix J (Matlab Examples)16 in Mathematics of the DFT Do Lab Assignment 017 if you do not know Matlab. Assignment 118 (complex number problems) [URL footnotes are mostly suppressed below, but links persist in the online version of this page.]

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] 9 [Link] 10 [Link] [Link] 11 [Link] [Link] 12 [Link] [Link] 13 [Link] 14 [Link] 15 [Link] matlab/ 16 [Link] Octave [Link] 17 [Link] 18 [Link]
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 Week 2 - Euler, Exponentials, and Sinusoids Chapter 3 (Proof of Eulers Theorem)19 Chapter 4 (Sinusoids and Exponentials)20 of Mathematics of the DFT Assignment 2 Week 3 - Vectors and Geometrical Signal Theory Chapter 5 (Geometric Signal Theory) Assignment 3 Week 4 - Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Fourier Theorems, Convolution and Correlation Chapter 6 (The DFT Derived) Chapter 7 (Fourier Theorems for the DFT) of Mathematics of the DFT Assignment 4 Week 5 - DFT Applications, Spectrograms and Correlograms Chapter 8 (DFT Applications) Overlap Add ([Link] jos/sasp/Overlap Add OLA STFT [Link]) Assignment 5 Week 6 - Linearity and Time Invariance; Time-Domain Representations Chapters 1 and 2 of Introduction to Digital Filters21 Chapter 4 (Linearity and Time Invariance) and Chapter 5 (Time Domain Filter Representations) of Introduction to Digital Filters Optionally peruse the Music 421 overheads pertaining to acyclic convolution Assignment 6 Week 7 - Analysis of Digital Filters Chapter 6 (Z-transform), Chapter 6 (Transfer Function Analysis), First three sections of Chapter 8 (Pole-Zero Analysis), Chapter 9 (Implementation Structures), Assignment 7 Week 8 - The S-plane, Z-plane and Frequency Response. Chapter 7 (Frequency Response Analysis), Assignment 8
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[Link] Euler s [Link] [Link] [Link] 21 [Link]

 Week 9 - Bode plots and Bilinear Transform canonical rst-order lters. Appendix I.3 Bilinear Transform Appendix B.1 Elementary Filter Sections Appendix B.2 Allpass Filter Sections Appendix B.3 DC Blocker and Assignment 9 Week 10 - Parametric Filter Design, Catchup, Review Appendix B.4 Shelving Filters Appendix B.5 Peaking Equalizers Final Exam - Monday, Dec. 6, 2010, 12:15-3:15 PM, CCRMA Classroom. The exam will cover Assigned readings, homework problems, and laboratory assignments The exam will be closed book, except that you may bring an 8.5 by 11 sheet of paper, covered front and back with handwritten notes. No calculators allowed (you shouldnt need one).