Working with Editing Tools

Editing

What is Editing is reviewing and changing a document by making additions, deletions, or

editing? other changes to conform to some agreed-upon standard. Editing is commonly
done to all documents for publication or public presentation.

Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible,

and film media used to convey information through the processes of correction,
condensation, organization, and other modifications performed with an intention
of producing a correct, consistent, accurate, and complete work.

The editing tools do not apply paint to an image, but rather affect the colors already in an image.
Adobe Photoshop editing tools are: Blur, Sharpen, Smudge, Dodge, Burn and Sponge

Using the Blur, Sharpen and Smudge Tools

The Blur, Sharpen and Smudge occupy one cell in the

Toolbar, represented by the icon of the last tool used. To choose
another instrument, press the triangle next to the icon and choose
the desired icon from the menu that appears. This menu can also
be accessed from the screen, if the icon is pressed and held for a
few moments.
The Blur tool reduces the sharpness (focus) of an image. It
does this by reducing the color contrast of neighboring pixels.

The Sharpen tool increases the sharpness (focus) of an

image, by increasing the contrast of neighboring pixels. This
results in increased clearness and contrast of borders, and
heightened detail in the image.

The Smudge tool spreads color in an image, displacing

pixels of corresponding colors. It is similar to the effect
created by smearing your fingers through wet paint. Smudge
works by "grasping" a color at the beginning of a stroke and
then mixing it with other colors as it is dragged across the
image.
To use the Blur tool:

1. Select the Blur tool .

2. Do the following in the options bar:
3. Choose a brush tip and set options for the blending mode and strength in the options
bar.
4. Select Use All Layers in the options bar to blur using data from all visible layers. If this
is selected, the tool uses data from only the active layer.
5. Drag over the part of the image you want to blur. (See Illustration 2.0)

To use the Smudge tool:

1.Select the Smudge tool .

3.Choose a brush tip and options for the blending mode in the options bar Select Use All
Layers in the options bar to smudge using color data from all visible layers. If this is
deselected, the Smudge tool uses colors from only the active layer.
4.Select Finger Painting in the options bar to smudge using the foreground color at the
beginning of each stroke. If this is deselected, the Smudge tool uses the color under
the pointer at the beginning of each stroke.
5.Drag in the image to smudge the pixels. (See Illustration 2.0)

To use the Sharpen tool:

1.Select the Sharpen tool .

2.Do the following in the options bar:
3.Choose a brush tip and set options for the blending mode and strength in the options
bar.
4.Select Use All Layers in the options bar to sharpen using data from all visible layers.
If this is deselected, the tool uses data from only the active layer.
5.Drag over the part of the image you want to sharpen. (See Illustration 2.0)

Illustration 2.0

Original image Blurred image

Original image Sharpened image

 Original image Smudge image
The following parameters can be changed for these tools in the Options Panel: Brush, Mode,
Strength, Use All Users, Finger Painting.

Brush. The Brush parameter displays the current shape and size of a brush. To change
the shape and size of the brush:
 left-click on the triangular button to open the drop-down palette;
 change the tool's size and hardness in the Options panel or choose its shape
from a selection of presets.
The palette can also be accessed by right-clicking anywhere in the image window.
In addition the shape and size of the brush can be set in the Brushes palette, which can
by opened by pressing or with the command Window - Brushes.

Mode. The Mode parameter affects how a tool is applied.

Strength. When using the Blur or Sharpen tools the Strength parameter affects the
extent to which the tool changes the focus (sharpness) of an image. When using the
Smudge tool this parameter defines the distance which the tool smears color in the
image.

Use All Users. If All New Users is checked when using the Blur or Sharpen tools, it is
possible to increase or decrease the sharpness of colors on all visible layers of an image.

Finger Painting. This parameter is only available for the Smudge tool. If Finger Painting
is checked, it will appear as if before smearing, the "finger" has been dipped into the main
color. The result is that not only are colors smeared but an additional hue is added.

Using the Dodge, Burn and Sponge Tools

Dodge, Burn and Sponge are tools that affect tone.

They are used for lightening or darkening parts of an image.
These tools occupy one cell in the Toolbar, and are
represented by the icon of the last tool used. To choose
another tool, right-click on the triangle next to the tool and
choose the desired tool from the menu that appears. This menu can also be accessed from the
screen, if you click on the icon and hold the button down for a few moments.
 The Dodge tool lightens a part of an image, if the cursor is
dragged across it.

The Burn tool allows you to gradually darken pixels in the

image.

The Sponge tool affects the saturation and contrast of an

image.

To use the Dodge tool or the Burn tool:

1. Select the Dodge tool or the Burn tool.

2. Choose a brush tip and set brush options in the options bar.
3. In the options bar, select one of the following:
 Midtones to change the middle range of grays
 Shadows to change the dark areas
 Highlights to change the light areas
Specify the exposure for the Dodge tool or the Burn tool.
(Photoshop) Click the airbrush button to use the brush as an airbrush. Alternately,
select the Airbrush option in the Brushes palette.
Drag over the part of the image you want to lighten or darken. (See illustration 3.0)

To use the Sponge tool:

1. Select the Sponge tool .
2. Choose a brush tip and set brush options in the options bar
3. In the options bar, select the way you want to change the color.
 Saturate to intensify the color's saturation
 Desaturate to dilute the color's saturation
4. Specify the flow for the Sponge tool.
5. Drag over the part of the image you want to modify. (See illustration 3.0)

Illustration 3.0

Original image Dodged image

 Original image Burned image

Original image Sponged image

In the options panel, the following parameters can be adjusted for Dodge and Burn:
Brush, Range,Exposure and Airbrush.

Brush. The Brush parameter affects the shape and size of the tool. To change the tools'
shape and size:
 Press the triangular button with the left moust button, to open the drop-down
palette;
 Set the size and hardnesss of the tool in the palette or choose its shape from the
selection of presets.
Range. This parameter affects the mode in which the tool is applied. In Midtones mode
dark and light areas are affected equally. In Shadows mode, pixels in darker areas
(shadows) are affected more. In Highlights mode pixels in lighter areas are affected
more.
Exposure. This parameter affects the degree of darkening for Burn and the degree of
lightening for Dodge. A value of 100% leads to the maximum degree of darkening or
lightening.

Airbrush. When the button is pressed the tool works in dispersion mode.

The Sponge tool can be set in the Options panel with the following parameters:
Brush, Mode, Flowand Airbrush.

Brush. The Brush parameter sets the shape and size of the tool. To change the tool's
shape and size:
o left-click on the triangular button to open the drop-down palette;
o set the tool's size and hardness in the palette or choose a shape for the tool from
the selection of presets.
Mode. This parameter switches between the modes in which the tool works. When
Sponge is in Desaturation mode the saturation of the primary color decreases, while in
Saturation mode it increases.
 Flow. Flow affects every point of color applied with the tool. With each application of the
tool, the color applied becomes more opaque.

Airbrush. When the button is pressed the tool begins to work in dispersion mode.

Liquefying Image
The Liquify filter lets you push, pull, rotate, reflect, pucker, and bloat any area of an
image. The distortions you create can be subtle or drastic, which makes the Liquify command a
powerful tool for retouching images as well as creating artistic effects.

Distorting an image using Liquify Filter

The Liquify dialog box provides tools and options for distorting an image.

Toolbox

Preview
Options
Image

Several tools in the Liquify dialog box distort the brush area when you hold down the
mouse button or drag. The distortion is concentrated at the center of the brush area, and the
effect intensifies as you hold down the mouse button or repeatedly drag over an area.

Shift-click with the Warp tool, the Push

Left tool, or the Mirror tool to create the
effect of dragging in a straight line from
the previous point you clicked.
 Forward Warp Tool
Pushes pixels forward as you drag.

Reconstruct tool
Fully or partially reverses the changes you’ve made.
Twirl Clockwise tool
Rotates pixels clockwise as you hold down the mouse button or drag. To twirl pixels
counter-clockwise, hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) as you hold
down the mouse button or drag.
Pucker Tool
Moves pixels toward the center of the brush area as you hold down the mouse button or
drag.
Bloat Tool
Moves pixels away from the center of the brush area as you hold down the mouse button
or drag.
Push Left tool
Moves pixels to the left when you drag the tool straight up (pixels move to the right if you
drag down). You can also drag clockwise around an object to increase its size, or drag
counter-clockwise to decrease its size. To push pixels right when you drag straight up (or
to move pixels left when you drag down), hold down the Alt key.
Mirror tool
Copies pixels to the brush area. Drag to reflect the area perpendicular to the direction of
the stroke (to the left of the stroke). Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) to
reflect the area in the direction opposite to that of the stroke (for example, the area above
a downward stroke). Usually, Alt-dragging or Option-dragging gives better results when
you have frozen the area you want to reflect. Use overlapping strokes to create an effect
similar to a reflection in water.

Turbulence tool
Smoothly scrambles pixels. It is useful for creating fire, clouds, waves, and similar effects.

Freeze Mask tool

Freezes parts of an image, by brushing over your image where you want to retain parts of
your document. As you brush, the parts being masked will turn red.
Thaw Mask Tool ( )
Removes any parts of your mask that go over the parts you wanted to retain.

Retouching Images

The retouching tools in Adobe Photoshop are: Clone Stamp, Pattern Stamp, Healing
Brush, Patch and Color Replacement. These tools repair damaged images, apply repeated
patterns, or replace colors in an image. The following illustration shows the arrangement of these
tools in the toolbar.

If two or more tools occupy the

same cell (the icon for the tool last
used is always shown), in order to
choose another tool, right-click the
mouse on the arrow next to the icon
and choose another tool from the menu that appears. This menu will also appear if you click on
the icon and press it for some time.

The Clone Stamp Tool

The Clone Stamp tool takes a sample of an image, which you can then
apply over another image or part of the same image. You can also
clone part of one layer over another layer. Each stroke of the tool
paints on more of the sample.

When you use the Clone Stamp tool, you set a sampling point on the area you want to
apply over another area. By selecting Aligned in the options bar, you can reuse the most current
sampling point, no matter how many times you stop and resume painting. When Aligned is
deselected, you'll reuse the same sampled pixels each time you paint.
Because you can use any brush tip with the Clone Stamp tool, you have a lot of control
over the size of the area you clone. You can also use opacity and flow settings in the options bar
to finesse the way you apply the cloned area. You can also sample from one image and apply the
clone in another image, as long as both images are in the same color mode.
The process involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to
create a new cloned area.

To create a new cloned area:

1. Select the Clone Stamp tool , then check the settings in the options bar. Choose a
brush tip and set brush options for the blending mode, opacity, and flow in the options
bar.

 Aligned: If this option is selected, the new cloned

image will be drawn continuously even if you
release the mouse button while drawing. If it is
deselected, the clone will begin drawing from the
sampling point each time you release the mouse
and resume painting.
 Use All Layers: If this option is selected,
information will be used from all visible layers.
Otherwise only the active layer will be used.

2. Hold down the Alt key — the cursor will change to a

target. Click the point you wish to use as a sampling
point. This will be used as the reference point for
cloning.
 3. Click and drag where you want the cloned image to appear. As you draw, a cross will
appear on the original image while a corresponding circle appears where you are
drawing.

4. Click and drag where you want the cloned image to

appear. As you draw, a cross will appear on the
original image while a corresponding circle appears
where you are drawing.

The Pattern Stamp Tool

The Pattern Stamp tool lets you paint with pattern. You can select a
pattern from the pattern libraries or create your own pattern.

The pattern stamp tool works just like a paintbrush tool but
instead of color, it will paint the area with patterns.

To use the Pattern Stamp tool:

1. Select the Pattern Stamp tool .

2. Choose a brush tip and set brush options (blending mode, opacity, and flow) in the
options bar

3. Select Aligned in the options bar to sample pixels continuously, without losing the current
sampling point, even if you release the mouse button. Deselect Aligned to continue to
use the sampled pixels from the initial sampling point each time you stop and resume
painting.

4. Select a pattern from the Pattern pop-up palette

in the options bar. If you'd like to apply the
pattern with an impressionistic effect, select
Impressionist.
 5. Drag in the image to paint with the pattern.

The Patch Tool

The Patch tool lets you repair a selected area with pixels from another
area or a pattern. Like the Healing Brush tool, the Patch tool matches
the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled pixels to the source
pixels. You can also use the Patch tool to clone isolated areas of an
image.

When repairing with pixels from the image, select a small area
to produce the best result.

To repair an area using sampled pixels:

1. Select the Patch tool .
2. Do one of the following:

 Drag in the image to select the area you want to repair, and select Source in the
options bar.
 Drag in the image to select the area from which you want to sample, and select
Destination in the options bar.
Note: You can also make a selection prior to selecting the Patch tool.

3. To adjust the selection, do one of the following:

 Shift-drag in the image to add to the existing selection.
 Alt-drag in the image to subtract from the existing selection.
 Alt-Shift-drag in the image to select an area intersected by the existing selection.
4. Position the pointer inside the selection, and do one of the following:
 If Source is selected in the options bar, drag the selection border to the area from
which you want to sample. When you release the mouse button, the originally
selected area is patched with the sampled pixels.

 If Destination is selected in the options bar, drag the selection border to the area you
want to patch. When you release the mouse button, the newly selected area is
patched with the sampled pixels.
The Healing Brush Tool

The Healing Brush tool lets you correct imperfections, causing them to
disappear into the surrounding image. Like the cloning tools, you use
the Healing Brush tool to paint with sampled pixels from an image or
pattern. However, the Healing Brush tool also matches the texture,
lighting, transparency, and shading of the sampled pixels to the source
pixels. As a result, the repaired pixels blend seamlessly into the rest of
the image.

If there is a strong contrast at the edges of the area you want to heal, make a
selection before you use the Healing Brush tool. The selection should be
bigger than the area you want to heal but should precisely follow the boundary
of contrasting pixels. When you paint with the Healing Brush tool, the selection
will prevent colors from bleeding in from the outside.

To use the Healing Brush tool:

1. Select the Healing Brush tool .

2. Click the brush sample in the options bar and set brush options in the pop-up palette:

3. Choose a blending mode from the Mode pop-up menu in the options bar:
 Choose Replace to preserve noise, film grain, and texture at the edges of the
brush stroke.
4. Choose a source to use for repairing pixels in the options bar: Sampled to use pixels
from the current image, or Pattern to use pixels from a pattern.
5. Select Aligned in the options bar to sample pixels continuously, without losing the
current sampling point, even if you release the mouse button. Deselect Aligned to
continue to use the sampled pixels from the initial sampling point each time you stop
and resume painting.
6. Select Use All Layers in the options bar to sample data from all visible layers.
Deselect Use All Layers to sample only from the active layer.
7. For the Healing Brush tool in sampling mode, set the sampling point by positioning
the pointer in any open image and Alt-clicking.
Note: If you are sampling from one image and applying to another, both images
must be in the same color mode unless one of the images is in Grayscale mode.
8. Drag in the image.
The sampled pixels are melded with the existing pixels each time you release the
mouse button. Look in the status bar to view the status of the melding process.
4
 Introducing Layers

Layers

What are Layers are one of the most important things in Adobe Photoshop. A
Photoshop image file (.psd) can be made up of numerous independent layers
layers? which are overlaid on top of each other.
Any part of a layer which contains no image information is transparent, so layers
below are visible in these areas. Each whole layer can also have different opacity
settings, so some layers can be partially or completely transparent.
You can see it in the picture below:

Photoshop layers are like sheets of stacked acetate. You can see through transparent areas of a layer to
the layers below. You move a layer to position the content on the layer, like sliding a sheet of acetate in a
stack. You can also change the opacity of a layer to make content partially transparent. You use layers to
perform tasks such as compositing multiple images, adding text to an image, or adding vector graphic
shapes. You can apply a layer style to add a special effect such as a drop shadow or a glow.

3
2
1

3 Layers with different contents This is how it will look when

you arrange the layers on top
of each other.

Working with layers

You can use the Layers palette to hide, view, reposition, delete, rename, and merge
layers. The Layers palette displays all layers with the layer name and a thumbnail of the layer’s
image. The thumbnail is automatically updated as you edit the layer.

Creating Layers
By default a Photoshop image has one layer, called Background.
To create a new layer:
  Click on Layer > New Layer or Click on the More button on the layers palette
and select New Layer.
or
 Click on the New Layer button at the bottom of the
Layer palette window.
Notes: A new layer is automatically created when
adding new text or pasting a new image.
More button
Deleting Layers

To delete layer:
 Click on Layer > Delete > Delete layer.
or
 Right-click on the layer and select Delete layer. Click
the button Yes if you are sure deleting the layer.
or
 Click on the Add button and select Delete layer. Click
the button Yes if you are sure deleting the layer.
or
 Drag the layer to the Delete layer button.

Delete Layer
Duplicating Layers

To duplicate layer:
 Click on Layer > Duplicate layer.
Or
 Right-click on the layer and select Duplicate layer. Type the name of the duplicated
layer and click the OK button.
or
 Cli ck on the Add button and select Duplicate layer. Type the name of the duplicated
layer and click the OK button.
or
 Select the layer you want to duplicate and press CTRL + J on the keyboard.

Transforming Layers

Copying Layers between Images

To copy layer or layer set between images:

1. Open the source and destination images.
2. In the Layers palette of the source image, select a layer.
3. Do one of the following:
 Drag the layer from the Layers palette into the destination image.
 Choose Select > All to select all of the pixels on the layer, and choose Edit >
Copy. Then choose Edit > Paste in the destination image.
 You can also drag the content of the active layer directly on the target
destination.
Arranging Layers
The order in which the layers of an image are organized is called the stacking
order. The stacking order of layers determines how the image is viewed—you can
change the order to make certain parts of the image appear in front of or behind other
layers.

To arrange/rearrange layer:
1. In the Layers palette, drag the layer up to position it at the top of the palette. When
you see a thick black line above the layer, release the mouse button.

2. If you want to position the layer below the other layer drag it down. When you see a
thick black line below the layer, release the mouse button.
Saving Images in Photoshop Format
You can save a file with its current filename, location, and format or with a different
filename, location, format, and options. You can also save a copy of a file while leaving the
current file open on your desktop.

When you save file with layers in Photoshop it is automatically save as .psd file. There
are some cases that we need to save file in other format for a particular purpose. It is used for
printing, for posting on web and others.

To save a file in Photoshop format:

1. Choose File > Save As.
2. On the Save as dialog box type a filename,
and choose a location for the file.
3. Click Save.

To save a file in a different file format:

Do one of the following:

1. Choose File > Save As.
2. On the Save as dialog box type a filename, and
choose a location for the file.
3. Choose the file format you wish your file to be saved
by clicking the Format drop down button
Note: In Photoshop, if you choose a format that
does not support all features of the document, a
warning appears at the bottom of the dialog
box. If you see this warning, it is recommended
that you save a copy of the file in Photoshop
format or in another format that supports all of
the image data.
4. Click Save.
 Working With the Selection Tools

The Selection Tools

What are the
The selection tools are used to facilitate the process of making selections of
selection tools? shapes, colors, and objects inside of Photoshop, and positioning them in the
working image area. With tools like the magnetic lasso and magic wand,
Photoshop packs a powerful array of selection gadgets!

In Photoshop, selections are used to work in a specified area, while not altering
any of the area around it. In many regards, a selection is a lot like a stencil.
You basically are enabling yourself to only paint in one area while the rest of your
canvas is left unaffected. There are a variety of tools to help you draw out
specific sizes and shapes of selections in Photoshop.

The Marquee Tools

The marquee tool icons contain hidden tools, which you can select by holding down the
mouse button on the toolbox icon and dragging to the desired tool in the pop-up menu.

The Rectangular Marquee Tool selects a rectangular area

on the image.

The Elliptical Marquee tool allows you to select rounded

areas like circles or ovals on the image.

Press and hold the Shift key to create a proportioned square selection
from the image
 To Make a Selection using the Marquee Tools:

1. Select a Marquee tool from the toolbox.

An animated rectangle appears

around the selected area
2. Drag the mouse diagonally from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of
the area to create a selection.

To Reposition a Selection:

1. Position the pointer anywhere inside the

selection.
2. Drag to reposition the border

Marquee tool placed Selection border

within selection repositioned

Note: Repositioning techniques for selection borders work with any of the marquee,
lasso, and magic wand tools.

**If you are still not happy with the selection after repositioning it, you can
deselect it and redraw it by pressing CTRL + D.

The Lasso Tools

The lasso tools allow you to select precise areas of
an image by drawing or tracing the selection outline.

There are three lasso tools available:

The Lasso Tool allows you to create freehand selection tool.

Make sure to trace the selection carefully to create a smooth

selection.
To make a freehand selection you should:
1. Select the Lasso tool from the Toolbox by left-clicking on the icon , or (if Lasso was
not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.
2. Bring the mouse cursor to the object that must be selected and outline it keeping the
left button pressed.

The Polygonal Tool will create a selection with a series of

straight edges.
Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse
button down to draw, click on various points to create a selection.

* It is best to use for selecting geometrical shape on the image.

* You can also hold down the Alt to draw freehand sections.

To make a selection you should:

1. Select the Polygonal Lasso tool from the Toolbox by clicking on the icon , or (if
Polygonal Lasso was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.
2. Bring the cursor to any point near the object to be outlined and press the left mouse
button - it'll be the first point of the contour.
3. Move the cursor to the next point of the contour not far from the first one and left-click
it again. The program will automatically draw a straight line between the two points.
4. Keep putting points in this way until the whole object is outlined and close the contour.

The Magnetic Tool is used for selecting areas which have

well-defined edges.

When you use Magnetic Lasso you do not need to follow the contour
of the object precisely. If the object stands out against the background
the border of the selected area will be traced automatically as you
move the cursor along the object.
.
 To select an area using Magnetic lasso you should:
1. Select the Magnetic Lasso tool from the Toolbox by clicking on the icon , or (if
Magnetic Lasso was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.
2. Bring the mouse cursor to the border of the object that should be selected.
3. Press the left button and start dragging the cursor along the object. Pay attention to
fastening points that appear as you outline the object and when you made a click. If a
fastening point is irrelevant you can remove it by pressing the Delete key and return to
the previous fastening point to continue outlining the object.
4. Close the contour, join the first fastening point with the last one by bringing the cursor
to the first point or by making a double-click.

Saving Selections

Selections can be saved and loaded for reuse.

To save a selection:
Choose Select > Save Selection.

To load a saved selection:

Choose Select > Load Selection, and then enter the options in the Load Selection dialog window.
Click OK to load selection.

The Magic Wand Tool

The Magic Wand Tool selects an area of an image based on

its color.

You can set Tolerance in the Options palette of the Magic Wand tool. The higher is the
value, the more colors will fall into the selected area. The Tolerance value ranges from 0 to 255.
At Tolerance equal to 0 the selected area will be represented only by one color, at Tolerance
equal to 255 - all colors of the image will be selected, that is the whole image.

To select a consistently colored area, you should:

1. Select the Magic Wand tool in the Toolbox by clicking the icon.
 Select a Tolerance value (0 to 255).
 This determines how closely to match colors - higher tolerance means a
larger selection.
 Check Anti-aliased to define a smooth edge to the selection.
 Check Contiguous to select only areas which are joined together.
 Check Use All Layers to select areas from all layers.
2. Click the image in an area which you want to select.

The yellow part of the image was selected using the

Magic Wand tool then it was erased on the 2nd illustration.

Note: You can add and subtract to the selection

by using your Shift and Alt keys, or clicking the
selection buttons in the options bar.
Softening the Edges of a Selection

Anti-aliasing
Smoothes the jagged edges of a selection by softening the color transition between edge pixels
and background pixels. Since only the edge pixels change, no detail is lost. Anti-aliasing is useful
when cutting, copying, and pasting selections to create composite images.

**You must specify this option before using these tools. Once a selection is made, you
cannot add anti-aliasing.

To use anti-aliasing:
1. Select the tool
2. Select Anti-aliased in the options bar.

Selected image Selected image

 with anti-aliased disabled with anti-aliased enabled

Feathering Edges
It blurs edges by building a transition boundary between the selection and its surrounding pixels.
This blurring can cause some loss of detail at the edge of the selection. You can smooth the hard
edges of a selection by anti-aliasing and by feathering.

**You can define feathering for the selections tools as you use the tool, or you can add
feathering to an existing selection. Feathering effects become apparent when you move,
cut, copy, or fill the selection.

To define a feathered edge for a selection tool:

1. Select the tool.
2. Enter a Feather value in the options bar.
This value defines the width of the feathered edge and can range from 1 to 250 pixels.

To define a feathered edge for an existing selection:

1. Choose Select > Feather.
2. Enter a value for the Feather Radius, and click OK.

Adjusting Selection
You can adjust existing selection by using the buttons in the selection tool options bar.

Create a new Add to Subtract from Restrict

selection selection selection selection

To add to a selection or select an additional area:

1. Make a selection.
2. Using any selection tool, do one of the following:
 Select the Add to Selection option ( ) in the options bar, and drag.
or

 Hold down Shift (a plus sign appears next to the pointer), and drag to add another
selection.
To subtract from a selection:
1. Make a selection.
 2. Using any selection tool, do one of the following:
1. Select the Subtract from Selection option ( ) in the options bar, and drag to
intersect with other selections.
or

2. Hold down Alt (a minus sign appears next to the pointer), and drag to subtract
another selection.

To select only an area intersected by other selections:

1. Make a selection.
2. Using any selection tool, do one of the following:
 Select the Restrict Selection option ( ) in the options bar, and drag.
 Hold down Alt+Shift (a cross appears next to the pointer), and drag over the portion
of the original selection that you want to select.

Repositioning a Selection
To Reposition a Selection:

1. Position the pointer anywhere inside the selection.

2. Drag to reposition the border

Marquee tool placed Selection border

within selection repositioned

Note: Repositioning techniques for selection borders work with any of the marquee,
lasso, and magic wand tools.

**If you are still not happy with the selection after repositioning it, you can deselect it and redraw it.

Repositioning a selection border while creating it

If a selection border isn’t placed exactly where you want it, you can adjust its position and size
while creating it.

1. Still holding down the mouse button, hold down the spacebar, and drag the selection.
The border moves as you drag.

2. Release the spacebar (but not the mouse button), and drag again.
Notice that when you drag without the spacebar, the size and shape of
the selection change, but its point of origin does not.

3. When the selection border is positioned and sized correctly, release the
mouse button.
Selecting From a Center Point

Sometimes it’s easier to make elliptical or rectangular selections by drawing a selection from the
center point of the object to the outside edge.

1. Position the marquee tool at the approximate center of the image.

2. Click and begin dragging. Then without releasing the mouse button, hold down
Alt and continue dragging the selection to the image’s outer edge.

Notice that the selection is centered over its starting point.

Deselecting a Selection

To Deselect a Selection:

 Choose Select -> Deselect from the menu.

Or

 Press Ctrl + D

Moving a Selection

To Move a Selection:

1. Select the Move tool from the toolbox.

2. Drag the selection anywhere on the canvas.

Move a Selection while copying:

To create a copy of a selection, press Alt while dragging the image with the Move tool.

Transforming a Selection

To transform a selection:

1. Choose Edit > Free Transform.

 A bounding box appears around the selection.

2. Position the pointer outside a corner handle until you see a curved double-headed arrow.

3. To resize/scale the image, position the pointer directly on one of

the corner handles, and drag to reduce the size of the image.

To scale the image proportionately, hold down Shift as you drag.

4. To rotate an image, drag in the direction you want the image to

rotate.

Notice that the image rotates around the selection’s center point.

5. To reposition the ear, place your pointer within the bounding box,
but not on the center point, and drag.

If you place the pointer on the center point and drag, you will
move the center point.

Distorting, Skewing, Flipping, and Adding Perspective to a Selection

1. To distort an image, place your pointer directly on any of the corner

handles, press and hold the CTRL key while dragging the handle.
Or

Click on Edit menu > Transform > Distort to simply change the handle to
distort handles only.

2. To skew an image, place your pointer directly on any of the side handles,
press and hold the CTRL key while dragging the handle.
Or

Click on Edit menu > Transform > Skew to simply change the handle to
skew handles only.
 3. To flip an image, place your pointer on any of the side
handles, drag it over the other handle.
Or

Click on Edit menu > Transform then select Flip horizontal

or Flip vertical.

Vertically flipped Horizontally flipped

using the handle using Flip horizontal

4. To add perspective to a selection, click on the Edit menu > Transform >
Perspective to change the handle perspective handle then point on any of
the corner handles and drag it.

Copying a Selection

To copy a selection using the keyboard shortcut:

1. Select part of an image and press CTRL C to copy.
2. Go to your canvass and press CTRL V to paste it.

To copy a selection using the mouse:

1. Select part of an image. Using the move tool, press and hold the ALT key
while dragging the selected image to another location or new canvass.