‫ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ‪ / 13‬ﺍﻟﻌـــﺪﺩ‪ ،(2020) 04 :‬ﺹ ‪133-111‬‬ ‫ﳎﻠـﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫‪The system of foreign judgements execution in Moroccan Private‬‬

‫‪International Law‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﳐﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ )ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ(‪[Link]@[Link] ،‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻼﻡ‪ 2020/11/10 :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ‪ 2020/12/02 :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪2020/12/25 :‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺎﰿ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺣﻴـﺚ ﰎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ؛ ﰒ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﲔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ ،‬ﻟﻨﺨﻠﺺ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﳛﻈﻰ ﺑﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺒﲎ ﺑـﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺬﻳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺋﻪ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋـﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘـﺬﻳﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.‬‬
‫‪Abstract:‬‬
‫‪This paper treats the matter of foreign judgements execution. In the course of our study, we‬‬
‫‪found that there are two fundamental systems in the field of foreign judgments execution, the first‬‬
‫‪is known as the new lawsuit system or the review method, and the second is the monitoring‬‬
‫‪system, also known as the execution order system, to conclude at the end of the research the‬‬
‫‪importance of the execution order system, which has become accepted by most legal systems.‬‬
‫‪Indeed this seems evident to us through Moroccan private international law, which in turn adopted‬‬
‫‪the execution order system, whereby the implementation of the foreign judgment in Morocco‬‬

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‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫‪depends on the national judge issuing the order to append it to the executive formula once it fulfils‬‬
‫‪all the conditions contained in the civil procedure law that are in line with the conditions in force in‬‬
‫‪the order system in general.‬‬
‫‪Keywords: International Jurisdiction, Foreign judgement execution, Private International‬‬
‫‪Law, exequatur, the execution order system.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ ،‬ﲤﺎﺭﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﱪ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺑﻂ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﻠﻰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ .1‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻇﻠﺖ‬
‫‪‬ﺘﻢ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ 3‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻉ ﺭﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﺗﲑﺓ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺁﻥ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﻠﺪﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﲝﺜﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻋﻴﺶ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪4‬؛ ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‪ .‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺄﺭﺟﺤﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﻣﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻬﺠﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺲ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﻛﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ .5‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﲟﻌﺎﻣﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺄﺣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،6‬ﻭﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻝ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﺑﺸﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻳﻘﻄﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،7‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫‪ 1‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻉ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﶈﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﺍ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍ ﻳﻀﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻉ ﻃﺎﺑﻌﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻢ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﺍ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺎ )ﻛﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Voir : Michel Attal / Arnaud Raynouard, DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVE « TOME 1 :PRINCIPES‬‬
‫‪GENERAUX »,Groupe larcier s.a, Bruxelles, 2013, P 21.‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺪﻭﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﻧﻔﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،2009 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.3‬‬
‫‪ 4‬ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺑﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪،2010-2009 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Voir le : MOULAY RCHID Abderrazak, « quelles solutions pour le statut personnel des émigres‬‬
‫‪marocaines en Europe ? », en le D.I.P dans les pays maghrébines, les conflits de lois : le statut personnel,‬‬
‫‪cahiers des droits maghrébines, 1995, P 110.‬‬

‫‪ 7‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﲝﻤﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،148‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.71‬‬

‫‪112‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎ ﻹﺿﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪.8‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻓﻴﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،9‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪.10‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﺯﺍﺓ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺒﻞ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،1974‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻌﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﳘﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‪ .11‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ‪ 12‬ﻏﺸﺖ ‪ 1913‬ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ ،1219‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ .13290‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻟﻐﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ ،19‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﻞ ﳏﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ‪ 430‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 432‬ﻣﻦ ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﺑﲔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ .14‬ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﲤﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﻟﺘﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﶈﺎﻛﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺮﺩ ﻧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﲢﻈﻰ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ‪.15‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻫﺮﻧﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺑﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪-2008 :‬‬
‫‪ ،2009‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.3‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪/‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪-‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،2011 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 335‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 10‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.204‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪Voir : BATIFOL Henri et LAGARDE Paul, droit international privé, tome 2, L.G.D.J, édition 7, Paris,‬‬
‫‪1983, P 594.‬‬
‫‪ 12‬ﻳﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 19‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻟﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺩﻭﳕﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ 13‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻧﺺ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻐﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 290‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﺼﺼﻪ ﻟﻸﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ‬
‫ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﳌﻤﻠﻜﺘﻨﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻻﺯﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺼﺖ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 14‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﲝﻤﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.76‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﳊﻠﻮ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺑﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،1998 -1997 :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 11‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﻭﺗﱪﺯ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲟﻮﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﲤﺲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻋﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﲟﺮﺍﻛﺰﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﱪﺯ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﲡﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋـﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ؟‬

‫ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ؛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﲡﻠﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺗﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﲡﻠﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﲨﻌﺖ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻟﺼﺎﳊﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﺭﻧﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﲔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﲔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ :16‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ )ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ(؛ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﻴﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ )ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ )ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ(‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻷﳒﻠﻮ ﺳﻜﺴﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﳒﻠﺘﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﺮﻩ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺩﻟﻴﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ ،17‬ﺑﻞ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺗﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ﲟﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Voir: Marie-Laure Niboyet / Géraud de Geouffre, DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVE, 5 édition, L.G.D.J, P‬‬
‫‪505 et s.‬‬
‫‪ 17‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ‪ ،2004‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،2004 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.244‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻭﻭﻓﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ‪ ،18‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﳜﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺘﻘﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲢﻘﻖ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ "ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ" ﺇﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻗﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﳒﻠﻮ ﺳﻜﺴﻮﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯﻫﺎ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺩﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺍ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺒﲏ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﳒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‪.19‬‬

‫ﻭﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻖ ﻧﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺲ ﻫﺒﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﻗﺒﻮﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ )ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ(‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺛﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻷﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺴﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻧﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ )ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ(؛ ﰒ ﻧﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ ﺗﺒﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﻄﺮﻕ )ﺃﻭﻻ( ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ؛ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﱪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﺮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ )ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬

‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺒﻮﻻ ﻟﺪﻯ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﴰﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.20‬‬

‫ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪،1995 ،‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.343‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﻼ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻋﺮﻣﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺑﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺘﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،2010-2009 :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.17‬‬
‫‪ 20‬ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.335‬‬

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‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺑﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺇﺿﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪.21‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﱪﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺒﲏ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﱪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻔﻊ ﺗﺒﲏ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣـﻪ ﻟﺴـﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻭﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺬﻳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﻪ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴـﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻨﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﰲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ )ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ(؛‬

‫‪ ‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺣﺎﺋﺰﺍ ﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﱪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﺘﺒﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻸﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺼـﻞ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻳﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﲟﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ .22‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻘﻒ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ؟ ﺃﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﳝﺘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻱ ﳝﺘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ؟‬

‫ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻧﻘﺴﻢ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ ،23‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻓﺮﺯﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ؛ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃ(‪ -‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ ،24‬ﻭﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺗﻈﻞ ﺣﻘﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺎ‬

‫‪ 21‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻠﲔ‪ 431-430 :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 22‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.245‬‬
‫‪ 23‬ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.846‬‬

‫‪116‬‬

‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺴﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ .25‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﳐﲑﺍ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﻓﻀﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﳊـﻖ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‪.26‬‬

‫ﺏ(‪ -‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟـﻨﱯ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ‪ ،27‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﳜﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺘﻘﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲢﻘﻖ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺇﳒﻠﺘﺮﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲟﻮﺟﺒﻪ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﳏﺎﻛﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.28‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﻨﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻷﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﺬ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ )ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ(‬

‫ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ ﺍﳌﺼـﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺃ ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺎ‪ 29‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺎ‪ ،30‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪Voir: BATIFOL Henri et LAGARDE Paul, [Link], P 594.‬‬
‫‪ 25‬ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪.847-846‬‬
‫‪ 26‬ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.343‬‬
‫‪ 27‬ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.343‬‬
‫‪28‬‬
‫‪Voir: François MELIN, DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVE, 7 édition, Gualino éditeur,2016, p 57 et s.‬‬
‫‪ 29‬ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﱪﻣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺤﲔ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪117‬‬

‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺎ‪ .31‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻛﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗـﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ؛ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ‪.32‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ‪ 33‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻉ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘـﻒ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ؟‬

‫ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻘﻒ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﺤﺴـﺐ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻱ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺣﺎﺋﺰﺍ ﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻠﺰﺍﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻄﻌﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻮ ﰎ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻨﱯ ﰎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺅﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.34‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻮﻗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ‪.35‬‬

‫‪ 30‬ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺺ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 31‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﺮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻓﻌﻼ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 32‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ‪ :‬ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 334‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫‪Marie-Laure Niboyet / Géraud de Geouffre, [Link], P 507.‬‬
‫‪ 34‬ﲨﺎﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺼﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪،16‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.146‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫‪François Monéger, DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVE, 7 édition, Lexis Nexis, Paris, P 119.‬‬

‫‪118‬‬

‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺼﻒ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻛﺼﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،36‬ﻓﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪.37‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﺖ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﳌﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ؛ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴـﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴـﻎ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻮﻻ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻹﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﱂ ﲢﺘﺮﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ‪ .38‬ﻓﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻻ ﳚـﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻹﻫﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻭﺻﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﲢﺎﻳﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪.39‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺗﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﲡﻠﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬

‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲰﺢ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻹﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪40‬؛ ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﱪﺯ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ‪ 432-431-430‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺷﺮﻭﻃﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ )ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ(؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﺸﺮﻋﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻳﻔـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﺘﻼﺀﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺨﺾ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻡ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ )ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ 36‬ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻬﻮ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﻳﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺪ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﻛﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‪...‬؛‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺘﻐﲑ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻳﺼﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 37‬ﲨﺎﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺼﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.149‬‬
‫‪ 38‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﻘﻀﻴﺔ »‪ « Weiller‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﺎﻳﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻔﺮﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻔﺎﺩﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﻠﻴﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺭﻳﻨﻮ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻠﻴﻖ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 39‬ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪.342-341‬‬

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‫‪Voir : Bernard Audit / Louis d’Avout, DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVE, 7 édition, [Link], Paris, 2013, P 13 et s.‬‬

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‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻀﻮﻉ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫ﱂ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻵﺧﺬﺓ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲟﻮﺟﺒﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﴰﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﱪﺯ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 430‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻻ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺍﶈﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﳌﻮﻃﻦ ﺃﻭ ﳏﻞ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻱ ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 430‬ﻓﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ؛‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ؛‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪.42‬‬

‫‪ 41‬ﱂ ﻳﺸﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 19‬ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 42‬ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻜﻦ ﲤﺖ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﱪﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺃﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1981‬ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻃﺖ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﲝﺰﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﳒﺪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﻨﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 2004/14/08‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺼﻞ ‪ ،430‬ﺇﺫ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﳌﻘﺘﻀـﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 430‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺴﺎﺱ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ"‪.43‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﻣﺮﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺑﺘـﺬﻳﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 431‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻠـﺐ‪-‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺼـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ–ﲟﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺮﻓﻖ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ؛‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ؛‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺾ؛‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺗﺮﲨﺎﻥ ﳏﻠﻒ‪".‬‬
‫ﻭﲤﺎﺷﻴﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 431‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ )ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺾ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ( ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪:2007/10/10‬‬
‫" ﻟﺌﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 431‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺾ ﻭﺳﺠﻞ ﺑﺪﻓﺘﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﲏ ﺑـﺎﻷﻣﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺑﺘﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻗﻀﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﻮﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻻﻧﻌﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺾ"‪.44‬‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 19‬ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﲑ ‪ 12‬ﻏﺸﺖ ‪ 1913‬ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﻴﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‪" :‬ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳـﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﺍﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻟﻐﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ‪ 430‬ﻭ‪ 431‬ﻭ‪ 432‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻗﺪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺑﲔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﳍـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.45‬‬

‫‪ 43‬ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﻨﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،1262‬ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ ،2004/14/08‬ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺯﻭﻛﺎﻏﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،20‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ ،2004‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.248‬‬
‫‪ 44‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ )ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺾ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،18‬ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ ،2007/10/10‬ﻣﻨﺸﺮﻭ ﲟﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.272‬‬
‫‪ 45‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﲝﻤﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.76‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﺃﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺷﻜﻠﻴﺔ )ﺃ(؛‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺃ(‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 430‬ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﺖ ﰲ ﺍﺻﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺻـﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‪ 46‬ﻭﺻﻮﻻ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ .47‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺞ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 430‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﻘﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ " :‬ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ "...‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﱂ ﳛﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﲰﺢ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻉ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺜﻠﻮﺍ ﲤﺜﻴﻼ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻚ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ‪.48‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 46‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ‪ 59-58-57‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 47‬ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.349‬‬
‫‪ 48‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ ﳏﺴﻦ ﻋﻄﺮﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﲔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،18‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ ،2012‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫‪.236‬‬

‫‪122‬‬

‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺣﱴ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 430‬ﻣﻦ ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﳒـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﰲ ﻓﻘﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ‪ ."...‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺀﻧﺎ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﳒﺪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﱂ ﳛـﺪﺩ ﻟﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ؟‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﳐﺘﺼـﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺬ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﺍﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻳﻘﺼـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ .49‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻣﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻳﻌﻄـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘـﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻭﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ .50‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﻨﻔﺬ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ؟‬

‫ﱂ ﻳﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﶈﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ‪ 27‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 30‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﶈﺎﻛﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ .51‬ﻓﺮﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩﻧـﺎ ﲟﻮﺟـﺐ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﺻﺮﳛﺔ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﰲ ﻇﻬﲑ ‪ 12‬ﻏﺸﺖ ‪ 1913‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻇﻬﲑ ‪ 4‬ﻣـﺎﺭﺱ ‪1960‬‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﺗﻨﻞ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺸﺮﻋﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ .‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1974‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺻﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 27‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﲑ ﰲ ﻓﻘﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧـﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻞ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﺿﺪﻩ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﺩﻭﺍ ﺷﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﻴﻤﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪.52‬‬

‫‪ 49‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺳﻠﻄﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺳﻠﻄﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 50‬ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺗﻜﻤﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﺓ‪ ،2006 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.169‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺈ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ؟‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،11‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪،2007‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.88‬‬
‫‪ 52‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪،1991 ،7‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.185‬‬

‫‪123‬‬

‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺆﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﰲ ﻧﺰﺍﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﻌﺘﱪ ﻏـﲑ ﳐﺘﺼـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ؛ ﻓﻈﻬﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺿـﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻧﺴـﻴﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﱂ ﻳﻌﲔ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ‬
‫ﳒﺪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﳏﺎﻛﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺗﲔ‬
‫‪ 14‬ﻭ‪ 15‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ‪.53‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ‪ 27‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 30‬ﻣﻦ ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﳏﻜﻤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼـﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ‪.54‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 431‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺎ ﻟﻘـﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳـﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺑﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺋﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪.55‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 431‬ﳒﺪﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺗﻀﻤﲔ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺾ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺣﺎﺋﺰﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺄﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿـﻲ‬

‫‪53‬‬
‫‪En matière de conflit de juridictions : Là encore de rares du Code civil – les articles 14 et 15, l’article 2123- font référence‬‬
‫‪à la compétence des juges français en présence d’une situation internationale.‬‬
‫‪De même, quelques textes du code de procédure civile font référence à la compétence des juges français, par exemple‬‬
‫‪l’articles 92 ou les articles 1504 et suivants qui règlement l’arbitrage international ; ces textes viennent d’êtres modifiés par‬‬
‫‪un décret N : 2011 du 13 janvier 2011.‬‬
‫‪- François Monéger, [Link], P 12.‬‬
‫‪ 54‬ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﲝﻤﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 80‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 55‬ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺗﻜﻤﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.175‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺈﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ .56‬ﻓﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬
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‫ﺇﱃ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﲟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺑﻄﻨﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻀﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 431‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ ﺑﺄﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜـﻢ ﺃﺻـﺒﺢ‬
‫‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ‪.58‬‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ )ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺑﻄﻨﺠﺔ( ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ ،2007/01/10‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻛﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﺻﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻣـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺈﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﺻﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 2006/08/29‬ﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻪ ﳊﻜﻢ ﺃﺟـﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼـﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼـﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺘﻄﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ‪ .‬ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 431‬ﻣﻦ ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺣﱴ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﳐﻼ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻜـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ"‪.59‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻷﻱ ﻃﻌﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،60‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻲ ﺗﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،61‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﻄﻌﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺼﺢ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻪ‪.62‬‬

‫ﺏ(‪ -‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ "ﻛﺸﺮﻁ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ"‬
‫ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ 430‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﲟﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺫﺍ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﺼـﺖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺃﻏﻠـﺐ‬

‫‪ 56‬ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻻﺩﻻﺀ ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻻ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﲰﺎﺡ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﲟﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻔﻴﺪ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺄﺷﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 57‬ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪" :‬ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺄﻧﻔﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺑﻄﻨﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 06/799‬ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ ،2006/11/23‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 58‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.90‬‬
‫‪ 59‬ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺑﻄﻨﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 18‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ ،2007/01/10‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﲟﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،20‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪،2010‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.275‬‬
‫‪ 60‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﳒﺪﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺾ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 61‬ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﳏﺎﻛﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.108‬‬
‫‪ 62‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻫﺮﻧﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.18‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺿـﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ؟‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﱴ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ .63‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺮﻥ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻭﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‪.64‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻻﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻊ ﻋﱪﳘﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ؛ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻭﱄ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺘﺸﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺨﻔﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺴﻖ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ "ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﲟﺪﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ"‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﻨﻊ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﺮﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ "ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ"‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﺎ ﻳـﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲝﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻧﺰﺍﻉ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ‪.65‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲡﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻪ ﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2004‬ﺃﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻠﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﺦ )ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ(؛ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳒﺪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺑﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﳎـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‬

‫‪ 63‬ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻛﺤﻴﺤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،6‬ﺷﺘﻨﱪ ‪ ،2003‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.72‬‬
‫‪ 64‬ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪.341-340‬‬
‫‪ 65‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺪﻭﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.424‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺖ ﰲ ﻓﻘﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪..." :‬ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﻠﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﺦ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ ﳐﺘﺼـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﰱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﻹ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﱪﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ‪ 430‬ﻭ‪ 431‬ﻭ‪ 432‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻠﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﰱ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺘﻀـﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﻭﻧـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺈ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ؛ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ "ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻘـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻸﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﱪﻡ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳـﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ‪ 432-431-430‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪.66‬‬

‫ﻓﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻄﺮﻗﻨﺎ ﳍـﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﺳﻨﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪)128‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ( ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ )ﺃﻭﻻ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪128‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺑﺄﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻤﲔ ﺑﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺠـﺮ‬
‫ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻐﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،2004‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﲟﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻃﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻝ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛـﺰﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪.67‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻫﺎﺟﺲ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳑﻨﻮﻋـﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﻃﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻣﺘﺰﻭﺟﺎ‪ .68‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ 66‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،2011 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.351‬‬
‫‪ 67‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻫﺮﻧﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪.23 :‬‬
‫‪ 68‬ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،2007 ،10‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪.125 :‬‬

‫‪127‬‬

‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﺧﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑـﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺠﺮ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﳍﺎ‪.69‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﻗﻮﻓﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ )ﺃ(؛ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﰱ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ(‪ -‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﲝﺼﺮ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﻭﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺬﻳﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻠﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻛﺄﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻹ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ .70‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻼﻥ ﻓﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺭﻛﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﳊﺴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺜﲑ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ‪.71‬‬

‫ﺏ(‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﲎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻗﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺈ‪‬ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺳﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻗﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ‬
‫ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺃﻭ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺷـﺮﻃﺎ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻋﻴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺎﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺓ‪.72‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﻔﻌﻴﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻠـﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫)ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺾ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ " :2006/05/17‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﰱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬

‫‪ 69‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻫﺮﻧﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪ 24 :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 70‬ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻫﺮﻧﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.27‬‬
‫‪ 71‬ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.118‬‬
‫‪ 72‬ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.119‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﻹ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻺﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼـﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻠﲔ ‪ 430‬ﻭ‪ 431‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ "‪.73‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﱪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻣﻪ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ 74‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳔﺮﺍﻃﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳌﺘﻌـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻳﺴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮﺯ ‪ ،2011‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﺒﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪" :‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﺍﳌﻐـﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺳﺨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻤﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻼﺀﻣﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .75‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﲤﺴﻚ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻻ ﳏﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳔﺮﻃﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﺿﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﲔ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺎ ﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.76‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1938‬ﰲ ﻣﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ‪ 25‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺼـﺖ ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪" :‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻧﺺ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 30‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺘﺮﻑ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﻨﻔـﺬﻫﺎ ﰲ‬

‫‪ 73‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ )ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺾ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،312‬ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ ،2006/05/17‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﲟﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،20‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬
‫‪ ،2010‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.263‬‬
‫‪ 74‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﳎﺎﻻ ﺧﺼﺒﺎ ﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 75‬ﺑﻼﺵ ﻟﻴﻨﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،2015 ،01‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.274‬‬
‫‪ 76‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻫﺮﻧﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 32‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻄـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭﺓ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻭ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻻ ﳛﺘﻔﻆ ﶈﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺈﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪".‬‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﺺ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 15‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 1998‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﺗﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﲢﺖ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻀﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ )ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ( ﻭﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺗﻪ )ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻪ( ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﱪﻣـﺔ ﺑـﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﺗﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳒﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 1981‬ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻠﲔ ‪ 778‬ﻭ ‪ ، 7811‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﺪ ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﳍﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺂﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﻓﺎﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﳛﻤـﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪.79‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻲ ﲝﺎﺟﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻜـﻢ‬

‫‪ 77‬ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ :8‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﳍﻤﺎ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺍﺝ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺃ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﺔ ﰲ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬
‫‪.1957‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻹﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 78‬ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ :11‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺎﻛﻢ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﳍﻤﺎ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺃ( ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﺔ ﰲ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ 1957‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻹﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 79‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻫﺮﻧﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.34‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﺮ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﰲ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺮﺩ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬
‫ﶈﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪.80‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﲤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﲎ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺸﺮﻋﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،1974‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺎﱏ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﳉﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳـﺮﺓ ﺳـﻨﺔ ‪2004‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﲢﻤﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻﺯﺍﻝ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺍ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻪ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﶈﺎﻛﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺒﻮﻻ ﻭﺗﺒﻨﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺴﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﳛﺘﺮﻡ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﺣﱴ ﳝﻨﺢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﳌﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻒ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ‪ 27‬ﺇﱃ ‪ ،30‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ‪ 431-430‬ﻭ ‪.432‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺘﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺸﺮﻋﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﱄ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻐﺮﰊ ﻳﻀﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﰲ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ؛ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼـﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ ﰒ ﻳﻠﻐـﻲ ﻣـﺎ ﺃﺻـﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧـﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺿﻊ ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.1998‬‬

‫‪ 80‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﱪﻣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ ،1984 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.13‬‬

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‫‪[Link]‬‬
 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﺯﻭﻛﺎﻏﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،20‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪.2004‬‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳـﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﻴـﻞ ﺩﺑﻠـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺴـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪.2010-2009 :‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﳊﻠﻮ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺑﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴـﺔ‪-1997 :‬‬
‫‪.1998‬‬
‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﱪﻣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪.1984 ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋـﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪.7‬‬
‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﲝﻤﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪.148‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮﺯ ‪.2011‬‬
‫ﺑﻼﺵ ﻟﻴﻨﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪،01‬‬
‫‪.2015‬‬
‫ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 128‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪.2007 ،10‬‬
‫ﲨﺎﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺼﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪.16‬‬
‫ﻇﻬﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ 12 ،‬ﻏﺸﺖ ‪.1913‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ ﳏﺴﻦ ﻋﻄﺮﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﲔ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪،18‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪.2012‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﻼ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻋﺮﻣﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺑﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺘﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴـﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪.2010-2009‬‬
‫ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪/‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪-‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.2011 ،‬‬
‫ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻛﺤﻴﺤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،6‬ﺷﺘﻨﱪ ‪.2003‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪.1995 ،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ 28 ،‬ﺷﺘﻨﱪ ‪.1974‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ‪.2011 ،‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺪﻭﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﻧﻔﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪.2009 ،‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻫﺮﻧﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﻐـﺮﰊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺑﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺘﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺴـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪.2009 -2008 :‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺈ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ؟‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋـﺪﺩ‬
‫‪ ،11‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪.2007‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺗﻜﻤﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﺓ‪.2006 ،‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﳏﺎﻛﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ 3 ،‬ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ ‪.2004‬‬
‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ‪ ،2004‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪.2004 ،‬‬
‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Bernard Audit / Louis d’Avout, DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVE, 7 édition,‬‬
‫‪[Link], Paris, 2013.‬‬
‫‪BATIFOL Henri et LAGARDE Paul, droit international privé, tome 2, L.G.D.J,‬‬
‫‪édition 7, Paris, 1983.‬‬
‫‪François MELIN, DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVE, 7 édition, Gualino‬‬
‫‪éditeur,2016.‬‬
‫‪François Monéger, DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVE, 7 édition, Lexis Nexis,‬‬
‫‪Paris.‬‬
‫‪Michel Attal / Arnaud Raynouard, DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVE‬‬
‫‪« TOME 1 :PRINCIPES GENERAUX »,Groupe larcier s.a, Bruxelles, 2013.‬‬
‫‪MOULAY RCHID Abderrazak, « quelles solutions pour le statut personnel des‬‬
‫‪émigres marocaines en Europe ? », en le D.I.P dans les pays maghrébines, les‬‬
‫‪conflits de lois : le statut personnel, cahiers des droits maghrébines, 1995.‬‬
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