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Chapter 1
Earth as a Planet
Latitudes and Longitudes Answer the following
questions briefly

Class 9 - Veena Bhargava Geography Solutions Define the following terms

Chapter 2
Distinguish between the
Latitudes and Longitudes following pairs

Give reasons for the following

Chapter 3
Rotation and Revolution
Answer the following questions Draw a neat diagram to show
the following
Chapter 4
briefly
Choose the correct option
Earth's Structure

Chapter 5
Landforms of the Earth

Chapter 6 Question 1
Rocks and Rock Cycle

Why do we need to locate places on Earth?

Chapter 7
Volcanoes

Chapter 8
Earthquakes
Answer
Chapter 9
Weathering and Denudation

Chapter 10 We need to locate places on earth because:

Tides and Ocean Currents

Chapter 11
Composition and Structure of the
Atmosphere
1. It helps us to know the exact position of
Chapter 12
Insolation
places.
Chapter 13
Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
2. It helps to find distance between two
Chapter 14
Humidity
places if their exact positions are
Chapter 15 located.
Pollution — Types and Sources

Chapter 16
Effects of Pollution
3. It gives us an idea to locate physical
Chapter 17 features, villages, cities etc.
Pollution — Preventive Measures

Chapter 18 4. Finding location helps us to design

Natural Regions of the World

Annexure VII various infrastructures like roads,

Specimen Paper

railways.

Question 2

What do you mean by the latitude of a

place?

Answer

The latitude of a place is the angular

distance of that place North or South of the
equator, as measured from the centre of the
earth.

Question 3

What is meant by Prime Meridian?

Answer

The 0° longitude passing through Greenwich

near London is called the Prime meridian.

Question 4

Explain why there is no higher latitude other

than 90 degrees North and South.

Answer

There is no higher latitude other than 90

degrees North and South because lines of
latitude start at 0° (equator) and end at 90°
(poles). All planes make a maximum angle
of 90° from the plane of the equator.

Question 5

Explain why Lines of Longitudes are called

Meridian of Longitude.

Answer

The Lines of Longitudes are called Meridian

of Longitude because the word 'meridian'
means "midday" and all the places on the
same meridian have their noon at the same
time.

Question 6
State two properties of the Lines of Latitude.

Answer

Two properties of the Lines of Latitude are:

1. Each latitude is an imaginary circle

parallel to the equator and centered on
the polar axis.
2. The radius and the length of parallels
gradually decrease from its maxima at
the equator to its minima at the poles.

Question 7

State two properties of Lines of Longitude.

Answer

Two properties of Lines of Longitude are:

1. All meridians are complete circles

dividing the earth into Eastern and
Western Hemisphere.
2. The longitudes are drawn 1° apart on
the Equator, with 1° to 179° towards
east and 1° to 179° towards west.

Question 8

The distance between two successive

parallels of latitudes is 111 km. Explain.

Answer

The whole earth represents 360° and the

circumference of the earth is approximately
40,000 km. Therefore, for each degree i.e.
the difference between two latitudes is
111km (i.e 40000 divided by 360).

Question 9

What are the limits of two Temperate

Zones?

Answer

The limit of northern temperate zone is 23

1/2°N to 66 1/2°N and the limit of southern
temperate zone is 23 1/2°S to 66 1/2°S. The
temperate zone stretches from Torrid zone
to Frigid zone.

Question 10

Why are the places in the Torrid Zone hotter

than those in other zones?

Answer

The Torrid zone or the tropical zones lie

between the Tropic of cancer and Tropic of
Capricorn which mark the limit of the
overhead Sun to North and South of the
Equator, i.e., 23 1/2°N to 23 1/2°S. This area
receives direct sun rays and therefore, the
places in the Torrid Zone are hotter than
those in other zones.

Question 11

Why are the places in the Frigid Zone colder

than in other zones?

Answer
The Frigid Zone experiences colder
temperatures compared to other zones due
to the inclination of the earth's axis, which
results in the area receiving oblique rays of
sunlight during the winter.

Question 12

How is the Local Time of a place fixed?

Answer

The Local Time of a place is fixed according

to the central meridian of its country. When
the sun is overhead on the central meridian
it is 12 o'clock noon at that place. For
example, the central meridian of India is 82
1/2° E and passes through Allahabad and it
is the standard time line for the whole
country.

Question 13

Is it correct to say that Local Time is the Sun

Time?

Answer

Yes, it is correct to say that Local Time is the

Sun Time because local time is determined
based on Sun's apparent movement.

Question 14

If the GMT at 0° longitude is 12 noon, find

the local time of place A (30°E).

Answer
The difference in longitude between 0° and
place A is 30° towards east.

Since, for every 1° difference in longitude the

difference of time is 4 minutes.

Therefore, the local time of place A will be

30 x 4 = 120 minutes = 2hrs.

As, A is located to the east, it will be 2 hours

ahead of Greenwich time: 12 + 2 = 14hr or 2
pm.

Therefore time at place A will be 2 pm.

Question 15

Why is the Standard Time considered

necessary?

Answer

The Standard Time is considered necessary

because if every city had to keep the time of
their own meridian, there would have been
much difference in the local time of one city
and the other. This would have led to a lot of
confusion.

Question 16

What are Time Zones? How many Time

Zones do we have?

Answer

A zone on terrestrial globe that is

approximately 15° longitude wide with 1
hour difference in time from other zone, is
called time zone. The world is divided into
24 time zones and India has one time zone.

Question 17

London experiences a lower temperature

than Singapore throughout the year. Why?

Answer

Singapore is situated in torrid zone, near the

equator while London is located in
temperate zone. Torrid zone receives direct
sun rays and is hotter than the temperate
zone which receives slant rays of the sun.
Therefore, London experiences a lower
temperature than Singapore throughout the
year.

Question 18

What is International Date Line? Describe

the use of this line.

Answer

A zigzag line at roughly 180° meridian is the

line which is internationally adopted as
International Date Line or IDL. On either side
of this line, a difference of whole day is
observed. This is because the earth
completes one rotation on its axis in 24
hours as it rotates from west to east.

International Date Line is for the

convenience of those travelling round the
world in order to avoid any confusion.

Question 19

Why do some countries have many Time

Zones?

Answer

Some countries have large longitudinal

extent and therefore they have many tine
zones.

Question 20

What are Small Circles?

Answer

The 0° latitude that circumscribes the earth

around it's centre is called Equator or the
great circle and all other circles that do not
circumscribes the earth around it's centre
are called small circles.

Question 21

Except for the Equator, other Parallels of

Latitudes are not Great Circles. Why?

Answer

The equator is the only latitude that

circumscribes the earth around it's centre
and therefore it is the largest latitude. All
other latitudes, either in north or in south,
are smaller than equator because they do
not circumscribe the earth around its centre.
Question 22

How is the use of local time inconvenient in

practical life?

Answer

The use of local time is inconvenient in

practical life because local time is different
in different countries. For those travelling
abroad, it is very confusing to have different
time zones.

Question 23

What is a Grid?

Answer

A grid is a network of evenly spaced

horizontal and vertical lines used to identify
locations on a map. Earth's grid refers to the
network of latitudes and longitudes on the
earth's surface.

Question 24

Who was the first mathematician to have

measured the circumference of the Earth?

Answer

The first mathematician to have measured

the circumference of the Earth was
Eratosthenes.

Question 25
Name the important Climatic Zones of the
World.

Answer

The important Climatic Zones of the World

are:

1. The Torrid or tropical zones

2. Temperate zones
3. Frigid zones

Question 26

State the rate of change of time with

longitude.

Answer

For every 1° change in longitude, the change

in time is 4 minutes.

Question 27

Explain how latitudes and longitudes help to

locate position of a place on a globe.

Answer

The latitudes and longitudes are horizontal

and vertical lines which form a grid on the
globe or map. We can easily locate a place
on the globe if we have its longitudinal and
latitudinal positions. The point of
intersection of its latitude and longitude will
determine the position of that place on
globe.
Question 28

Answer the following questions based on

the below diagram:

1. What does PP' represent?

2. What does TT' represent?
3. What is the latitude of the place X?

Answer

1. Latitude
2. Longitude
3. 40° N

Question 29

Distinguish between:

1. Local Time and standard Time

2. Parallels and Meridians
3. Equator and Prime Meridian

Answer
1. Difference between Local Time and
Standard Time:

S.
Local Time Standard Time
No.

Local time of a Local time of a

place can be country's
calculated if we central
1.
know the meridian is the
longitude of the standard time
place. of the country.

Local time It remains

2.. changes with same within a
longitude. country.

2. Difference between Parallels and

Meridians:

S.
Parallels Meridians
No.

They are the These are the

imaginary imaginary lines
1. circles running from the
parallel to the north pole to the
equator. south pole.

They never They intersect at

2. intersect north and south
each other. pole.

They are also They are also

3. known as known as
latitudes. longitudes.
 S.
Parallels Meridians
No.

They vary in They have same

4.
length. length.

3. Difference between Equator and Prime

Meridian:

S. Prime
Equator
No. Meridian

It is the
It is the latitude
longitude of 0°
of 0° that
which passes
1. circumscribes
through
the earth around
Greenwich
its centre.
near London.

It divides the It divides the

earth into earth into
2. Southern and Eastern and
Northern Western
hemisphere. hemisphere.
Define the following terms

Question 1

Latitude

Answer

The latitude of a place is the angular

distance of that place North or South of the
equator, as measured from the centre of the
earth.
Question 2

Longitude

Answer

The longitude of a place is the angular

distance of that place east or west of the
prime meridian.

Question 3

Meridian

Answer

The imaginary lines or semi-circles that

connect north pole and south pole are called
meridian.

Question 4

Prime Meridian

Answer

Prime Meridian is the longitude of 0° which

connects north and south poles and passes
through Greenwich near London.

Question 5

Local time

Answer

When the sun is overhead at a place, the

local time is 12 o'clock noon at that place.
Local time of a place can also be calculated
if we know the longitude of the place.
Question 6

Standard time

Answer

Standard time of a country is defined as the

local time of its central meridian which is
observed throughout the country.

Question 7

Indian Standard Time

Answer

The longitude of 82 1/2°E is the central

meridian of India which passes through
Allahabad. Its local time is the standard time
for the country and is known as Indian
Standard Time.

Question 8

Greenwich Mean Time

Answer

The local time of zero degree meridian

which passes through the Royal
Astronomical Observatory at Greenwich, is
taken as international standard time and is
known as Greenwich Mean Time.

Question 9

International Date Line

Answer
The longitude at 180° is considered as
International Date Line as on either side of
this line, a difference of one whole day is
observed.

Question 10

Great circle

Answer

The latitude at 0° which circumscribe the

earth around it's centre and divides the earth
into two hemispheres is called Great circle.

Question 11

Small circle

Answer

All other latitudes except the equator are

smaller (than the equator) and are known as
Small circles.

Question 12

Grid

Answer

A grid is a network of evenly spaced

horizontal lines (latitudes) and vertical lines
(longitudes) used to identify locations on a
map.
Distinguish between the following
pairs

Question 1
Latitude and Longitude.

Answer

S.
Latitude Longitude
No.

It is the
angular
It is the angular
distance along
distance of a
the equator
point, north or
measured in
1. south of the
degrees. It is
equator, as
measured
measured in
east or west
degrees.
of Greenwich
0° to 180°.

All meridians
All latitudes are
of longitude
2. parallel to the
converge at
equator.
the poles.

The distance
between two
The distance longitudes is
between two maximum at
latitudes is the equator
3.
approximately and goes on
111 km decreasing as
throughout. one goes
towards the
poles.
 S.
Latitude Longitude
No.

There are 360°

There are 90° of
of longitude,
latitudes in the
180° each in
4. north and 90°
east and west
latitudes south
of the Prime
of the equator.
Meridian.

The
longitudes are
The latitudes used to
from equator to determine the
poles are used time with
5.
to demarcate reference to
temperature the time at
zones. Prime
Meridian
(GMT).

Question 2

Great Circle and Small Circle

Answer

S.
Great Circle Small Circle
No.

The 0° All other latitudes

latitude is except the Great
1.
known as circle are Small
Great Circle. circles.
 S.
Great Circle Small Circle
No.

They are also

It is also
known as
2. known as
parallels of
equator.
Latitude.

Question 3

Greenwich Mean Time and Indian Standard

Time

Answer

Indian
S. Greenwich Mean
Standard
No. Time
Time

The longitude
The local time of of 82 1/2°E is
zero degree the central
meridian which meridian of
passes through India which
the Royal passes
1. Astronomical through
Observatory at Allahabad. Its
Greenwich, is local time is
known as known as
Greenwich Mean Indian
Time. Standard
Time.

2. It is taken as Its local time

International is the
 Indian
S. Greenwich Mean
Standard
No. Time
Time

Standard Time. standard time

for India.
Give reasons for the following

Question 1

Latitudes and Longitudes are always

expressed in angles.

Answer

Latitudes and Longitudes are always

expressed in angles because they represent
angular distance as the earth is spherical in
shape.

Question 2

Large countries have many time zones.

Answer

Large countries have larger longitudinal

extent and therefore they have many time
zones. For example, Canada has 6 time
zones.

Question 3

The international Date Line is not a straight

line like other longitudes.

Answer
The International Date Line is not a straight
line like other longitudes because in order to
avoid any landmass, deviation has been
taken. It is done to avoid the confusion of
having different dates in the same country.

Question 4

A person gains time as he travels towards

east.

Answer

A person gains time as he travels towards

east because the earth rotates from west to
east. Places on the east of a given point on
the earth are ahead of time.

Question 5

The intervals between successive parallels

are constant.

Answer

The intervals between successive parallels

are constant because the latitudes are
parallel and equidistant to each other.

Question 6

A person travelling from Mumbai to London

has to alter his watch.

Answer

A person travelling from Mumbai to London

has to alter his watch because both the
cities are in different time zones.

Question 7

The difference between I.S.T. and the G.M.T.

is 5 hours and 30 minutes.

Answer

The difference between longitudes of I.S.T.

and the G.M.T. = 82 1/2°

Since, the difference of 1° in longitude = a

difference of 4 minutes

Therefore, for difference of 82 1/2°, the

difference in time = 4 x 82 1/2 = 330
minutes = 5 hrs 30 min.

Question 8

Parallels are not equal in length.

Answer

Since shape of the Earth is an oblate

spheroid, the radius and length of parallels
gradually decrease from its maxima at the
Equator to its minima at the Poles. Hence,
parallels are not equal in length.

Question 9

Navigators use Great circle route for

navigation.

Answer
Navigators use Great circle route for
navigation because Great circle routes are
the shortest distance between the two
places on the Earth. They help to save fuel
and time so they are very economical.
Draw a neat diagram to show the
following

Question 1

Parallels of Latitude

Answer

Below diagram shows Parallels of Latitude:

Question 2

Temperature Zones

Answer

Below diagram shows Temperature Zones:

Question 3

Earth's Grid

Answer

Below diagram shows Earth's Grid:

Choose the correct option

Question 1

Earth is divided into Northern & Southern

Hemisphere by which of the following
imaginary line?

1. Prime Meridian
2. Tropic of Cancer
3. Equator
4. International Date Line

Answer

Equator

Question 2

What is the latitude of Arctic Circle?

1. 66 1⁄2°S
2. 23 1⁄2°S
3. 66 1⁄2°N
4. 23 1⁄2°N

Answer

66 1⁄2°N

Question 3

How many total lines of latitudes are there

in the world?

1. 90
2. 91
3. 180
4. 181
Answer

181

Question 4

Refer to the image and identify the climatic

zone of the shaded region.

1. North Frigid Zone

2. North Temperate Zone
3. Torrid Zone
4. South Frigid Zone

Answer

Torrid Zone

Question 5

There is a time difference of ............... for

every 1° of longitudinal difference.

1. 2 minutes
2. 4 minutes
3. 1 hour
4. 60 seconds

Answer
4 minutes

Question 6

What is the full form of IDL?

1. International Diagonal line

2. Internal Detour Line
3. International Date Line
4. Intermediate Diagonal Line

Answer

International Date Line

Question 7

Which of the following meridian is called the

Central Meridian of India?

1. 83 1⁄2°W
2. 0°
3. 82 1⁄2°E
4. 72°E

Answer

82 1⁄2°E

Question 8

USA has ............... time zones.

1. 8
2. 11
3. 6
4. 7
Answer

Question 9

Which of the following statements related to

lines of latitude is not correct?

1. They are called parallels of Latitude.

2. They are used to determine time.
3. They are important to determine
climate.
4. Equator is the largest line of latitude.

Answer

They are used to determine time

Question 10

Meridian means

1. Midnight
2. Midday
3. Morning
4. Dusk

Answer

Midday

Question 11

The difference between IST & GMT is

1. 6 hours
2. 4 hours 30 minutes
 3. 5 hours 30 mins
4. 12 hours

Answer

5 hours 30 mins

Question 12

Which of the following statement about

Great circle is true?

1. All the parallels are Great circles.

2. Navigators find it difficult to follow the
route of Great circle.
3. Equator & all the meridians are Great
circles.
4. All the above.

Answer

Equator & all the meridians are Great circles.

Question 13

World is divided into ............... time zones.

1. 20
2. 5
3. 11
4. 24

Answer

24
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