JS
JavaScript Best Practices
for Beginners
1. Use const and let Instead of var
Why: var has function scope and can lead to
unexpected behavior, while let and const are block-
scoped, making your code safer and easier to read.
How to Use: Use const for variables you don’t intend
to reassign, and let for those that will change. Avoid
var as much as possible.
const userName = 'Alice';
let userAge = 25;
2. Write Clear and Descriptive Variable
Names
Why: Descriptive names improve code readability
and help other developers (and your future self)
understand your code faster.
How to Use: Avoid single-letter or vague names;
instead, use names that describe the purpose of the
variable or function.
//wrong
let n =25;
///correct way
let userAge = 25;
3.Use Arrow Functions for Simple Callbacks
Why: Arrow functions are shorter and handle this
differently than traditional functions, which can
simplify your code.
How to Use: For simple functions, use arrow
functions; for more complex functions, traditional
function syntax may be better.
// Traditional function
function greet(name) {
return `Hello, ${name}!`;
}
// Arrow function
const greet = (name) => `Hello, ${name}!`;
4.Use Template Literals for String
Concatenation
Why: Template literals (``) make string concatenation
easier and more readable.
How to Use: Wrap strings in backticks and use ${} to
insert variables directly in the string.
const name = 'Alice';
const message = `Hello, ${name}! Welcome!`;
5.Organize Code with Functions and
Modules
Why: Breaking code into small, reusable functions
makes it easier to debug, maintain, and test.
How to Use:Write single-purpose functions and
consider using modules for larger projects.
function calculateTotal(price, tax) {
return price + tax;
}
const totalPrice = calculateTotal(50, 5);
6.Always Use Strict Equality (===)
Why: Using === checks for both value and type,
avoiding unexpected type coercion that can lead to
bugs.
How to Use: Use === and !== unless you explicitly
want type coercion (rare cases).
// Bad
if (score == "10")
{ ... }
// Good
if (score === 10)
{ ... }
7.Handle Errors Gracefully with try / catch
Why: Error handling prevents your program from
crashing unexpectedly.
How to Use: Wrap code that could throw an error in a
try block, with a catch to handle it.
try {
const data = JSON.parse(input);
} catch (error) {
console.error("Failed to parse JSON:", error); }
8.Use map, filter, and reduce for Array
Manipulations
Why:These methods make it easier to manipulate
arrays without using loops, resulting in more concise
code.
How to Use: Use map for transformations, filter for
filtering, and reduce for aggregating.
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const doubled = numbers.map(num => num * 2);
const evenNumbers = numbers.filter(num => num % 2 === 0);
const sum = numbers.reduce((acc, num) => acc + num, 0);
9.Comment Your Code Wisely
Why: Comments can help explain complex logic, but
too many comments or obvious comments clutter
your code.
How to Use: Comment on "why" something is done if
it’s not immediately clear, and avoid redundant
comments.
// This function calculates the total price with tax includedf
unction calculateTotal(price, taxRate) {
return price + (price * taxRate);
};
10.Learn Asynchronous Code
(Promises & async/await)
Why: Asynchronous programming is essential for
working with data from servers or APIs.
How to Use: Use async/await for readable
asynchronous code and handle errors with try /
catch.
async function fetchData() {
try {
const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data');
const data = await response.json();
return data;
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error fetching data:", error);
}
}
