‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‬

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‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ*‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻟﻄﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ ﻳﻘﻴﻦ** ﻭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻓﺮﺝ ﭘﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬

‫)ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ -١٣٨٩/٤/٧ :‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪(١٣٩٠/٥/١٦ :‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ،ABAQUS‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸـﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺳـﺨﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ‪ :‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‪-‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬

‫‪Investigation of Flexural Behavior of Stiffened Bolted Semi Rigid‬‬

‫‪Connections in Steel Frames‬‬
‫‪Y. Hosseinzadeh, M. A. Lotfollahi Yaghin, and M. R. Farajpour‬‬
‫‪Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz‬‬

‫‪Abstract: In this paper, the effect of stiffeners on static behavior of semi rigid beam to column bolted connections in steel‬‬
‫‪frames was investigated. Also, finite element models of semi rigid stiffened bolted connections were made and compared with‬‬
‫‪experimental results. In the analytical models, the material and end plate-column flange contact nonlinearities and geometrical‬‬
‫‪discontinuities were taken into account. The results of parametric analyses by using ABAQUS were presented and the effect of‬‬
‫‪various parameters on tension force distribution in bolt row, rotational stiffness and flexural durability were investigated. Due to‬‬
‫‪the effects on flexural durability, rotational stiffness and connection behavior, it is necessary to consider the effects of panel zone‬‬
‫‪and end plate stiffeners in design method.‬‬
‫*** ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫** ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫* ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ‬

‫‪٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬

‫‪Keywords: end-plate connection, finite element analysis, tension stress distribution, steel frame, moment rotation curve, contact‬‬
‫‪problem.‬‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪M − ϕep‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪E‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ϕ‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪M‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪ϕ‬‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪M con‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ϕep‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪M pb‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪ϕp‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪M−ϕ‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ϕs‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄــﻪ ﻟﻨﮕــﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺗــﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤــﻞ ﭘﺎﻧــﻞ ﺟــﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪M − ϕs‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﺗﻘـﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑـﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻛﻠـﻲ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮﺩ ﺑﺨـﺸﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻘـﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫـﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽـﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﻓـﺮﺽ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ]‪ .[٣ - ١‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٤‬ﻧﻮﺭﺗﺮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺮﻳـﺸﻨﺎﻣﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳـﺘﻲ ﮔـﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻓـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘــﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻧــﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮﻱ ‪ AISC‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤــﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﻳــﺎﻥ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺶ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
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‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻧـﺴﺒﻲ ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪﮔﺎﺭ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻘـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ]‪ .[٤‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﺭﺗﺮﻳﺞ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻫﻬﺎ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺵ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ )‪AISC (1980‬‬ ‫ﺍﺗــﺼﺎﻝ ﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃــﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻟﻴــﻞ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﻜــﺎﻥ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽـﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ]‪.[٥‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺑﻮﺭﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬
‫‪ ANSYS٤‬ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٧٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﭙﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ -١‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ(‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪ ١٠ ،‬ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ ABAQUS‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ]‪ .[١٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٠٠‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪.[١١‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٠٠‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟـﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜــﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘــﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗــﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘــﺎﺭ ﻛﻠــﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﻬـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ]‪ .[٦‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳـﻲ‪ ٥‬ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‪-‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽـﻲ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺒﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ‪ ١٩‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻠﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﺮﻡ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺻـﻼﺡ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪ ،ABAQUS‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻳـﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ .[٧‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٠٠٦‬ﺍﻭﺭﺑﻮﻧـﺎﺱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ َﹶﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻔﻮﻧﺴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﻮﺗﻜﻴﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ]‪ .[٨‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ‪ ٦‬ﺁﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫‪ -١-٢‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺳﻴﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺮﺍﮒ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٠‬ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫]‪ .[٩‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (١‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘـﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﮔـﺮﻭﻩ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑـﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ‪ ،‬ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ‪ ،‬ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪FE‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘـﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴـﺪﮔﻲ ﭘـﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ FS‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺩﻳـﻒ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺳـﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ EE‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻛﺮﻳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ‪ ،ES‬ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗـﻨﺶ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟـﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛــﺮﻧﺶ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘــﺎﺭ ﺍﺗــﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒــﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺷــﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴــﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﻲ‬

‫‪٧٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬

 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ -٢‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻕ‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ )‪(KN‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫‪FE‬‬ ‫*‪flush‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫‪no‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪EE‬‬ ‫**‪extended‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫‪no‬‬ ‫‪no‬‬
‫‪FS‬‬ ‫‪flush‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ES1‬‬ ‫‪extended‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬
‫‪ES2‬‬ ‫‪extended‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬ ‫‪no‬‬
‫‪ES3‬‬ ‫‪extended‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫‪no‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬
‫‪ES4‬‬ ‫‪extended‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬
‫‪ES5‬‬ ‫‪extended‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٢٥‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬
‫‪ES6‬‬ ‫‪extended‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٢٥‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬
‫‪ES7‬‬ ‫‪extended‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬ ‫‪yes‬‬
‫* ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒﻪ‪ ** ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪46 102‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪102 46‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪102 46‬‬

‫‪46 102‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬
‫‪88‬‬
‫‪176‬‬
‫‪176‬‬ ‫‪176‬‬
‫‪88‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬

‫‪50‬‬

‫‪sec x-x‬‬ ‫‪sec x-x‬‬ ‫‪sec x-x‬‬ ‫‪sec x-x‬‬

‫‪Model ES1~ES7‬‬ ‫‪Model FS‬‬ ‫‪Model FE‬‬ ‫‪Model EE‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -١‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫‪ -٢-٢‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻟــﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺗــﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻧــﺮﻡ ﺍﻓــﺰﺍﺭ ‪ABAQUS 6.71‬‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES4‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ‪SOLID‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES5‬ﺑـﺎ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻧﮕـﻪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ .[١٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟـﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺟـﻮﺵ ﻧﻔـﻮﺫﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪ ES6‬ﻗﻄـﺮ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ‬
‫‪ TIE‬ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟـﻮﺵ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES7‬ﺑﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘـﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﻜﺎﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﻜﺎﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺷـﻮﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٢‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (١‬ﻭ )‪ (٢‬ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﻜﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٧٨‬‬

 ‫‪column stiffener‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫‪1150‬‬ ‫‪end-plate stiffener‬‬
‫‪X‬‬

‫‪X‬‬
‫‪1200‬‬
‫‪1150‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٣‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺶ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪.ES1‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٢‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ -٣‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺶ )‪(m‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﭻ )‪(pa‬‬ ‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻳﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭻ)‪(N‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪9/173 × 103‬‬ ‫‪1/ 72 × 10−9‬‬ ‫‪Sp۱-۶۵‬‬ ‫‪P=۵۰۰۰‬‬ ‫‪ ۰/۰۰۳‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Sp۱-۶۵‬‬ ‫‪P=۱۰۰۰‬‬
‫‪1/ 825 × 103‬‬ ‫‪344 × 10− 12‬‬
‫‪%۱۶‬‬ ‫‪9/ 586 × 103‬‬ ‫‪2 /06 × 10− 9‬‬ ‫‪Sp۱-۶۵‬‬ ‫‪P=۵۰۰۰‬‬ ‫‪ ۰/۰۰۲‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪%۱۶/۷‬‬ ‫‪Sp۱-۶۵‬‬ ‫‪P=۱۰۰۰‬‬
‫‪1/91× 103‬‬ ‫‪413 × 10−12‬‬
‫‪%۵/۶‬‬ ‫‪9 / 47 × 103‬‬ ‫‪2 / 19 × 10− 9‬‬ ‫‪Sp۱-۶۵‬‬ ‫‪P= ۵۰۰۰‬‬ ‫‪ ۰/۰۰۱‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪%۵/۷‬‬ ‫‪1/ 89 × 103‬‬ ‫‪4 / 38 × 10−12‬‬ ‫‪Sp۱-۶۵‬‬ ‫‪P=۱۰۰۰‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﻣﺶ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪ ٠/٠٠١‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ‪ ٧‬ﻣـﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺸـﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴـﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻴﭽﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ ،(٣‬ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺶ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺶ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﺶ ﻭﺟﻬﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒـﻪ‬
‫‪ -٣-٢‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﻣـﺶ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣــﺪﻝ ﺍﺟــﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤــﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧــﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜــﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣــﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ .[١‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓـﻮﻻﺩ ﻧﺮﻣـﻪ ‪ ST37‬ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ ٧‬ﺧﻄﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﻮﺍﺳﻮﻥ ‪ ٠/٣‬ﺑﻪ ﻧـﺮﻡ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺶ ﺑﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﻮﭘﻦ ﺗﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻧﺮﻣـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣـﺪﻝ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٣١٠‬ﻭ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ‪ ١٩٠٧٠٧‬ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺶ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﻱ‬

‫‪٧٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬

 ‫]‪[١٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ -٤‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﻴﭻ ﭘﺮﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫‪١١٦٠‬‬ ‫‪١١٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٩٩٠‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ)‪(Mpa‬‬
‫‪٠/١٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠٤٨٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻧﺶ‬

‫‪230.2‬‬

‫‪80‬‬
‫‪500 160‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ‪[٩] FE‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٤‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺴﮕﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ .[١٣‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﭘـﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٨‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ A490‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪ CL10.9‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ ٣‬ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ )‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٥-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻨﮕـﺮ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ‪ ٠/٤٤‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ١٢٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪.[٨‬‬
‫‪ ١٨‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄـﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ -٤-٢‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﮔـﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺳﻴﻠﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ]‪ [٩‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ FE‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺴﮕﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ ‪ CH42‬ﻭ ‪ CH39‬ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٨‬ﻭ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١-٣‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤‬ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ‪ FE‬ﻭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻧـﺼﺐ ﺣـﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (٧‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺴﮕﺮ ‪ ٤٢‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﺴﮕﺮ ‪ ٣٩‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ )‪ ،(٥‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﻄـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ١‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪﺍﻧـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES1‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺟـﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٥‬ﻭ )‪ (٦‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٨٠‬‬

 M(kN.m)

300

250

200

150

100 EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTES(CH 39)
50
FINITE ELEMENT
RESULTES(NODE267-BF1)

0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50

DISPLACEMENT (mm)
CH39‫ﺣﺴﮕﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ‬-٥‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
M(kN.m)

120

100

80

60

40
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTES(CH 42)
20
FINITE ELEMENT
RESULTES(NODE1450-BF1)

0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5
DISPLACEMENT (mm)
.CH42 ‫ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺴﮕﺮ‬FE ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬-٦‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

.‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬-٥‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ‬ (kN.m)‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬ ES1 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
١ FE ١٩٠ %-٧١ Semi rigid

٢ EE ٤٢٦ %-٣٥ Semi rigid

٣ FS ٣٧٥ %-٤٣ Semi rigid

٤ ES1 ٦٦٥ %٠/٠ Semi rigid

٥ ES2 ٥٨٨ %-١١/٨ Semi rigid

٦ ES3 ٦١٥ %-٧/٣ Semi rigid

٧ ES4 ٦٩٠ %٤/٥ Semi rigid

٨ ES5 ٧٠٩ %٦/٣ Semi rigid

٩ ES6 ٧٢٥ %٩/١ Semi rigid

١٠ ES7 ٦٢٧ %-٥/٥ Semi rigid

٨١ ١٣٩٠ ‫ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬،٢ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬،۳۰ ‫ ﺳﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬

 ‫)‪Load(kN‬‬
‫‪700‬‬

‫‪600‬‬

‫‪500‬‬

‫‪FE‬‬
‫‪400‬‬
‫‪EE‬‬
‫‪FS‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪ES1‬‬
‫‪ES2‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪ES3‬‬
‫‪ES4‬‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪ES5‬‬
‫‪ES6‬‬
‫‪ES7‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬

‫)‪Displacement (mm‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٧‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ‪-‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ،ES6‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ ٩/٥‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES1‬ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪ ES7‬ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ ES2‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ES3‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ES4‬ﻭ ‪ ،ES5‬ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺧﻤـﺸﻲ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES2‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪ES3‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ ES2‬ﻭ ‪ ES3‬ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺧﻤـﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ‪ ES1‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES2‬ﺳـﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭﻱﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٧‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ‪١١/٨‬‬
‫ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒﻪ )‪ FE‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES1‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫‪ ،(FS‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻓـﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES3‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٧/٣‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ES4‬ﻭ ‪ ES5‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺟـﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES7‬ﺑـﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﻧـﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺟـﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤـﺸﻲ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ‪ ES1‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٥‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺍﺗــﺼﺎﻝ ﺷﻜــﺴﺖ ﺳﻴــﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴــﻪ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗــﺼﺎﻝ ﺑــﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﭘـﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺗﻨـﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٨٢‬‬

 ‫‪ES1‬‬ ‫‪ES2‬‬ ‫‪ES3‬‬

‫‪EE‬‬ ‫‪FS‬‬ ‫‪FE‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٨‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪Ф‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻭﺍﺻﻞ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫‪Фs‬‬ ‫‪Фep‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ‪ ϕep‬ﻭ ‪ ϕs‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٩‬ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ )‪ (١٠‬ﺗـﺎ )‪ ،(١٤‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ M − ϕs ، M − ϕ‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪column‬‬
‫‪beam‬‬
‫‪ M − ϕep‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓـﺮﺽ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﻃـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ]‪.[١٤‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٩‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺧﻤﺶ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻳــﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘــﺎ ﻣــﺮﺯ ﺍﺗــﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﻴﻤــﻪ ﮔﻴــﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﮔﻴــﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ﺳـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻧﻴﻤـﻪ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻳـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﻤـﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٣‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‪-‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫‪M con‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕـﺮ‪-‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫‪M pb‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ϕ .‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻴـﺮ‬
‫‪ϕ‬‬
‫=‪ϕ‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ ‪ ، ϕ‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬
‫‪ϕp‬‬

‫‪٨٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬

 Moment (kN.m) Moment (kN.m)

700 700

600 600

B B
500 500

400 A M- Ф s 400 A M- Фs
M-Фep M- Ф ep
300 M- Ф 300 M- Ф

200 Boundary 200 Boundary

100 100

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Rotation (rad) Rotation (rad)
Model FE Model EE

.FE ‫ ﻭ‬EE ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬-‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‬-١٠‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

Moment (kN.m) Moment (kN.m)

700 700

600 600

B B
500 500

400 M- Ф s 400 M- Фs
A A
M- Ф ep M-Фep
300 MФ 300 M- Ф
-
Boundary Boundary
200 200

100 100

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.1 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Rotation (rad)4 Rotation (rad)
Model FS Model ES1

.FS‫ ﻭ‬ES1 ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬-‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‬-١١‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

Moment (kN.m) Moment (kN.m)

700 700

600 600
B B
500 500

400 A M-Фs 400 A M-Фs

M- Ф ep M-Фep
300 M- Ф 300 M- Ф

200 Boundary 200 Boundary

100 100

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.1
Rotation (rad) 4
Rotation (rad)
Model ES2 Model ES3

.ES2 ‫ ﻭ‬ES3 ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬-‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‬-١٢‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

١٣٩٠ ‫ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬،٢ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬،۳۰ ‫ ﺳﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ٨٤

 ‫)‪Moment (kN.m‬‬ ‫)‪Moment (kN.m‬‬

‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪400 A‬‬ ‫‪M-Фs‬‬ ‫‪400 A‬‬ ‫‪M- Фs‬‬

‫‪M-Фep‬‬ ‫‪M-Фep‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪M-Ф‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪M-Ф‬‬
‫‪Boundary‬‬ ‫‪Boundary‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪0.08‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.12‬‬ ‫‪0.14‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪0.08‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.12‬‬ ‫‪0.14‬‬
‫)‪Rotation (rad‬‬ ‫)‪Rotation (rad‬‬
‫‪Model ES4‬‬ ‫‪Model ES5‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -١٣‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‪-‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ES5‬ﻭ ‪.ES4‬‬

‫)‪Moment (kN.m‬‬ ‫)‪Moment (kN.m‬‬

‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪M-Ф s‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪M- Ф s‬‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪M- Фep‬‬ ‫‪M- Фep‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪M-‬‬ ‫‪Ф‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪M- Ф‬‬
‫‪Boundary‬‬ ‫‪Boundary‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪0.08‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.12‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪0.08‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.12‬‬ ‫‪0.14‬‬
‫‪Rotation (rad)4‬‬ ‫)‪Rotation (rad‬‬
‫‪Model ES6‬‬ ‫‪Model ES7‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -١٤‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‪-‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ES7‬ﻭ ‪.ES6‬‬

‫‪ ٢٦١.٥‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ٠.٠٠٧٣‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪M pb‬‬

‫= ‪ϕp‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‪-‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫⎤ ‪⎡ E.Ib‬‬
‫⎢‬ ‫⎥‬
‫⎦ ‪⎣ Lb‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ‪-‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ M‬ﻭ ‪ ϕ‬ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ M .‬ﻟﻨﮕـﺮ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒﻪ ‪ FE‬ﻭ ‪ FS‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ ϕep‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‪ Mcon ،‬ﻟﻨﮕـﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ ϕs‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ M pb ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٢٦١.٥‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫‪ ϕep‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‪ ϕ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘـﻲ‪ φ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺤــﺖ ﻟﻨﮕــﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ‪ ϕp ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑــﺮ ‪ ٠.٠٦‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﻴــﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES1‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻣـﺪﻟﻬﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ EI b L b‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٤٣٣٣‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺘـﺮ ﺳـﺨﺘﻲ ﺧﻤـﺸﻲ ﺗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ A‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺘـﺼﺎﺕ ‪ M = 0.67‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ EE‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ ϕ = 0.003‬ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ M = 1 ،B‬ﻭ ‪ ϕ = 0.13‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ‪ A‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻗـﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﻟﻨﮕـﺮ ‪١٧٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ‪ ES1‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ٠.٠٠٠١٨‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ‪ B‬ﺑـﺎ ﻟﻨﮕـﺮ‬

‫‪٨٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬

 ‫)‪Bolt- row tension(kN‬‬ ‫)‪Bolt- row tension(kN‬‬
‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬

‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬

‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬

‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪First bolt row‬‬
‫‪First bolt row‬‬
‫‪Second bolt row‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪Second bolt row‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪Third bolt row‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬

‫)‪Moment(kN.m‬‬ ‫)‪Moment(kN.m‬‬
‫‪Model FE‬‬ ‫‪Model EE‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -١٥‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ FE‬ﻭ ‪.EE‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﻠﺒﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ϕs ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES2‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻘـﻂ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻢ ‪ ϕep‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ،ES7‬ﺑﺎ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫‪ %١٦‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ϕep ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES3‬ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ‪ ٢٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺖﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺟـﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ -٣-٣‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻤـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘـﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ )‪ (١٥‬ﺗـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ ϕs‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١٩‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ‪ ٣ ،٢ ،١‬ﻭ‪ ٤‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ،ES4‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻣﮕـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳـﺨﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ‪ ES5‬ﻭ‪ ،ES6‬ﻭﻗﺘـﻲ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٢٥‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺗﺮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ،ES5‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﺶ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﻬـﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ϕep‬ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧـﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒـﻪ ‪ FE‬ﻭ ‪ ،FS‬ﻛـﺸﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES4‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺻـﻠﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ‬

‫ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﺩﻳـﻒ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘــﻴﭻ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤــﺎﻅ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﻲ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻴﺘــﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣــﻞ ﻧﻬــﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ،ES6‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺶ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺪﺕ ﺍﻓـﺰﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﻬـﺎ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﺎﻧـﻞ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٨٦‬‬

 Bolt- row tension (kN) Bolt- row tension (kN)
350 350

300 300

250 250

200 200

150 150

100 100
First bolt row First bolt row
Second bolt row Second bolt row
50 50
Third bolt row
Third bolt row
Fourth bolt row
0 50 100 150 200 250 0 100 200 300 400 500
Moment (kN.m) Moment (kN.m)
Model FS Model ES1

.ES1‫ ﻭ‬FS ‫ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬-١٦‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

Bolt- row tension (kN) Bolt- row tension (kN)

350 350

300 300

250 250

200 200

150 150

100 100
First bolt row First bolt row
Second bolt row Second bolt row
50 50
Third bolt row Third bolt row
Fourth bolt row Fourth bolt row
0 100 200 300 400 500 0 100 200 300 400 500
Moment (kN.m) Moment (kN.m)
Model ES2 Model ES3

.ES3 ‫ ﻭ‬ES2 ‫ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬-١٧‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

Bolt- row tension(kN) Bolt- row tension(kN)

350 700

300 600

250 500

200 400

150 300

100 200
First bolt row First bolt row
Second bolt row Second bolt row
50 100
Third bolt row Third bolt row
Fourth bolt row Fourth bolt row

0 100 200 300 400 500 0 100 200 300 400 500

Moment(kN.m) Moment(kN.m)
Model ES4 Model ES5

.ES5 ‫ ﻭ‬ES4 ‫ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬-١٨‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

٨٧ ١٣٩٠ ‫ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬،٢ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬،۳۰ ‫ ﺳﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬

 ‫)‪Bolt- row tension (kN‬‬ ‫)‪Bolt- row tension (kN‬‬
‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬

‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬

‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬

‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪First bolt row‬‬ ‫‪First bolt row‬‬
‫‪Second bolt row‬‬ ‫‪Second bolt row‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪Third bolt row‬‬ ‫‪Third bolt row‬‬
‫‪Fourth bolt row‬‬ ‫‪Fourth bolt row‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫)‪Moment (kN.m‬‬ ‫)‪Moment (kN.m‬‬
‫‪Model ES6‬‬ ‫‪Model ES7‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -١٩‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ES6‬ﻭ ‪.ES7‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤـﺶ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻛـﺸﺶ‬ ‫ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺻــﻠﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺣﻴــﻪ ﻓــﺸﺎﺭ ﺑــﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻫﺮﻣـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﻴﭻ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺻﻠﺒﻴﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ]‪.[١٥‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ ،EE‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻴﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣــﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ES3 ،ES1‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ ،ES6‬ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺨﺖ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛــﺸﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑــﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻬــﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﻳــﻒ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻴــﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﻋـﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ES2‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟـﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭼﻨـﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻤـﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻛﺸﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﻳـﻒ ﺩﻭﻡ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ،ES7‬ﻛﺸﺶ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭﻟـﻲ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺸﺶ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺸـﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺑـﻪﻛـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳـﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬـﺎﻱ ﭘـﻴﭻ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪١٣٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٨٨‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟـﺎﻥ‬.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ‬.‫ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬،‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬ ‫ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ‬.‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻜــﺴﺖ ﻧــﺮﻡ ﺑــﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔــﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴــﻪ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬــﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﻛـﺸﺶ‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺻﻠﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑـﻪ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ‬،‫ﻭﺭﻕ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ‬ .‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺗﺮﺩ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨـﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻛـﻢ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬.‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺳــﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨــﺪﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻭ ﺟــﺎﻥ ﺳــﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ‬.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬،‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
1. flush end plate 3. MBMA 5. contact press 7. friction coefficient
2. extended end plate 4. finite element 6. component method 8. failure point

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
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٨٩ ١٣٩٠ ‫ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬،٢ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬،۳۰ ‫ ﺳﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬

 and Axial Forces," Engineering Structures, Article in 14. Eurocode 3, "Design of Steel Structures, Part 1,1:
press. General Rules and Rules for Buildings," ENV 1993-
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to Compressive Loading," Finite Elements in
Analysis and Design, Vol. 44, pp. 162 – 173, 2008. ‫" ﭘﺎﻳـﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ‬،‫ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‬
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١٣٩٠ ‫ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬،٢ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬،۳۰ ‫ ﺳﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ٩٠