11

Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Hyperbola
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Hyperbola
First Edition, 2020
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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you understand the concepts on Hyperbola as one of the conic sections. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module is composed of one lesson:

Lesson 1 - Hyperbola

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define a hyperbola;
2. Derive the equation in Standard Form of the Hyperbola;
3. Determine the Standard Equation of Hyperbola given the prescribed
conditions;
4. Analyze an Equation of a given Hyperbola through a graph.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper. If you think the options are not enough, write your own answer.

1. Which conic section have graphs consisting of two unbounded symmetrical

branches which extends in opposite directions?

a. Circle b. Ellipse c. Hyperbola d. Parabola

2. Which of the following is the standard equation form of a hyperbola?

x2 y2 x2 y2
A.  1 B.  1
a 2 b 2 a b 2 2

C. x2 = ±4cy D. x2 + y 2 = r2
3. What do you call the points on the hyperbola that are collinear with the
center and foci?
a. Asymptotes b. Center

b. c. Transverse axis d. Vertices

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 4. Which of these are features of the hyperbola that can be described as two
lines passing through the center, serving as guides in graphing the hyperbola?
a. Asymptotes b. Center

b. c. Foci d. Vertices
5. Which of these are points equidistant from the center of the hyperbola,
and are on the same axis as the vertices?
a. Asymptotes c. Transverse axis

b. Foci d. Vertices
6.What do you call the line segment joining two vertices in a hyperbola?
A. Conventional Axis C. Transverse Axis
B. Rotational Axis D. Minor Axis
7.Which of the following is the Standard Form of Equation of a Hyperbola if the
Major Axis is Horizontal and the center is at the origin?

C. (x 2h )  ( y 2 k)  1
2 2 2
A. y x2 


1
a2 b2 a b

2 2
B. x  y  1
(y h)2 (x k)2
D. 1
 

2 2
a b a2 b
2

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8. Given the equation: x 
y 2  , identify the foci.
4 16 1


A.(2√5,0) and (-2 √5,0) C.(√10,0) and (-√10,0)

B(0,2√5) and (0,-2√5) D.(0,-√10) and (0,-√10)

9. What is the equation of this graph?

x 2 y2 x 2 y2
A.  1 C.  1
33 16 16 33

B.
x2 y2  1 D. y
2
x2 
16 1
 

16 36 36

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10.Find the standard Equation of a Hyperbola, given the foci (0,-10) and (0,10)

y 2 x2 x2 y 2
A.  1 C.  1
64 36 16 36

x2 y 2  y 2 x2
B.  1 D.  1
64 36 36 64
11.Find the Standard Equation of a Hyperbola, with foci at (-1,2) and ( 5,2) and
vertices at (0,2) and (4,2)

(x  2)2 ( y  2)2 2 2
A.  1 C. x  y  1
4 5 4 25

(y  2)2 (x  2)2 y 2  x2  1
B.  1 D.
4 5 36 64
12.What is the center of the hyperbola with the vertices ( 0,2) and (0,-2)
A.-1 C.3
B.1 D.0

(𝐱)𝟐 (𝐲)𝟐
13Given the hyperbolic equation 𝟒
− =1 , what should be the length of the
𝟏𝟐
transverse axis?
A.-2 C.2
B.-4 D.4

( 𝐱)𝟐 (𝐲)𝟐
14.
𝟔𝟒
- 𝟑𝟔 =1 , where can we find the foci?

A.( ±10,0 ) C. ( ±𝟒√𝟕,0 )

B.( 𝟎, ±10 ) D.(0, ±𝟒√𝟕 )

𝟐
(𝐲−𝟒)𝟐
15. (𝐱−𝟓)
- = 1, what line represents the transverse axis?
𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟔

A Y= 8 B. y = 4 C. y=-2 D. y= -4

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 Lesson
Hyperbola
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Just like ellipse, the hyperbola is one of the conic sections that most students
have not encountered formally before. A hyperbola’s graph consists of two
unbounded ranches which extend in opposite directions. It is a misconception that
each branch is a parabola. This is not true, as parabolas and hyperbolas have very
different features.

What’s In

Observe the figures below. Compare and discern the differences and similarities of
an ellipse and a hyperbola. Make a Venn Diagram for the comparison of the
following graphs:

Figure A Figure B
Graph of an Ellipse Graph of a Hyperbola

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 Similar with an ellipse, a hyperbola has two foci and two vertices; unlike an
ellipse, the foci in a hyperbola are further from the hyperbola's center than are
its vertices. Hence, the foci are inside an ellipse and outside a hyperbola.

What’s New

In this section, we will learn about Hyperbola. Try to look around your house, so
have you ever think of something in real life that can be represented as a
hyperbola?
DRAW a real-life example of Hyperbola, and explain below what’s the significance
in our daily life.

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 What is It

Let 1 and 2 be two distinct points. The set of all points, whose distances from 1 and
from 2 differ by a certain constant, is called a hyperbola. The points 1 and 2 are
called the foci of the hyperbola:

Definition of Hyperbola
A hyperbola is the set of all points (x,y) in a plane, the difference of whose
distances from two distinct fixed points (foci) is a positive constant.

In the figure above, given are two points on the x-axis, f1 (−c,0) and f2 (c,0)
the foci, both c units away from their midpoint (0,0). This midpoint is the center of
the hyperbola. Let be a point on the hyperbola; the absolute value of the difference
of the distances of P from 1 and 2, be 2a; algebraic manipulation will lead to the
standard equation.

x2  y 2  , where b= c 2  a 2
1
a2 b2

Notice points v1 (−a,0) and v2 (a,0). These are the vertices of the hyperbola.
Vertices are points on the hyperbola that are collinear with the center and
the foci, a unit from the center, and forms the segment V1V2 that is called as the
transverse axis with length 2a. Subsequently, the segment perpendicular to the
transverse axis is referred to the conjugate axis with the length of 2b

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 An auxiliary rectangle is formed by drawing segments passing through the
endpoints of the transverse and conjugate axes.
Graphing a hyperbola is not quite easy because of its form. That is why
asymptotes are necessary for they serve as guides in sketching a hyperbola’s graph.
Determined through the formulas y= ±b/a x, asymptotes are extended diagonals of
the auxiliary rectangle intersecting at the center. In the figure above, they are labeled
as ℓ1 and ℓ2

A tip in determining equations of asymptotes: in the standard equation,

replace 1 by 0, and in the resulting equation,

x2  y 2  0 , solve for y
a2 b 2

Sample problem:
Determine the foci, vertices, and asymptotes of the hyperbola with the

2 2
Equation x  y  1
9 7 

Sketch the graph, include these points and lines, the transverse and conjugate
axes, and the auxiliary rectangle.
Solution;

a2=9 and b2 =7, we obtain a=3 and b= √7

We obtain c= a2  b2

Foci : (-4,0) and (4,0)

Vertices : (-3,0) and (3,0)
Asymptotes ; y=-√7/3 and y=√7/3

We are able to describe and identify the characteristics of a hyperbola. The

definition of hyperbola is similar to ellipse. The difference is that for an ellipse the
sum of the distance between a foci and a pointo n an ellipse is fixed, while for a
hyperbola the difference of the distance between a foci and a point on an ellipse is
fixed.

In the previous pages, we described and define the parts of a hyperbola.

In this section , you will learn to derived the standard equation of hyperbola
through a given graph, and a given parts. You will learn:

Part 1. Finding the Standard Equation of a Hyperbola, through a graph

I. If the center is at origin (0,0)
II. If the center is at a point (h,k)

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PART I. Finding the Standard Equation of a Hyperbola, through a graph
If the center is at origin (0,0)
Take a look on this illustration;

ℓ2 ℓ1

1. Center : origin (0,0)

2. Foci: F1: ( c,0) and F2 (-c,0)
 Each focus is c units away from the center
 For any point on the hyperbola, the absolute value of the difference of
its distance from the foci is 2a.
3. Vertices: V1: (a,0) and V2 ( -a,0)

 The vertices are points on the hyperbola, collinear with the center
and foci.
 If y = 0, then x = a and x= -a. Each vertex is a units away from
the center.
 The segment V1V2 is called the Transverse axis and is equal to 2a
b b
4. Asymptotes: y  a x and y   a x , the lines ℓ1 and ℓ2 on figure 1.45 is the

asymptote of the hyperbola.

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The Standard Equation for Hyperbola if center is at Origin

Transverse Axis : Horizontal Transverse Axis : vertical

Conjugate Axis: Vertical Conjugate Axis : Horizontal

Example no.1. Determine the Foci, Vertices and Asymptotes of the Hyperbola

x2  y2 
9 7 1
Solution :
Step 1. Sketch a graph, analyze that;
a2=9 b2=7
a=3 b=√7

C= a 2 b 2

C= 9 7

C= 16 , c=4

Step 2: write the parts

1. Center (0,0)

2. Foci ( c,0) and (-c,0) ( 4,0) and (-4,0)

3. Vertices (a,0) and (-a,0) (3,0) and (-3,0)
b b
4. Asymptotes y = a x and y=  a x y= √7/3 and y= -√7/3

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Example no.2 Give the equation of the Hyperbola in standard from, if it’s vertices
are ( 0,2) and ( 0,-2) and foci is at ( 0,2√5) and (0,-2√5)
Solution :
Step 1: Find for value of a,b,c
Since the vertices are given; a=2, a2=4
Since foci are given ; c=2√5, c2=20 note: we assume their absolute value

C= a 2 b 2 b=
2
c2  a 2 = 20  4 = 16
Therefore b2=16

Step 2: write in Standard form.

Since the given values of foci and vertices shows that our hyperbola is transverse
verticaly we will use this standard from of hyperbola:
Given a =2, b=4
y2  x2  1
a2 b2
y 2 x2 2 2
or y  x  1
  1
2 2 42 4 16

is the Standard form of the hyperbola transverse at y-axis

PART II. Finding the Standard Equation of a Hyperbola, through a graph

If the center is at a point (h,k)

Transverse Axis : Horizontal Transverse Axis : vertical

Conjugate Axis: Vertical Conjugate Axis : Horizontal

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Example no.3 Find the standard from of the equation of the hyperbola given foci at
(-1,2) and (5,2) while vertices at (0,2) and (4,2)
Step 1: Find the center!!! ( h,k)
Solve for the center of the hyperbola by finding the midpoint of it’s two vertices.
42 22
h= =3 k= =2 , therefore center is at (3,2)
2 2

Step 2: find the value of a,c

Solving for a: assume the point 0,2 and the center (2,2)
Use distance formula.

a= (x1  x2)  ( y 1  y2 ) a= (0  2)2  (2  2) a=2

2 2 2

Solving for c: assume the point (5,2) and the center (2,2)
Use distance formula.

C= (x1  x2)  ( y 1  y2)

2 2

C= (5  2)  (2  2)
2 2

C=3

Step 3 : Solve the value of b

c 2  a = 9 4 = √5
2
b=

Step 4 : Write the standard from of the equation of hyperbola :

(x  2)2 ( y  2)2
 1
4 5

Note : As you observe in the coordinates of foci and

vertices only the x coordinate changes it’s value; hence we
will will use the Standard from of Hyperbola at the point
(h,k) transverse at x-axis ( HORIZONTALY)

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CONCLUSION :

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 What’s More

Activity 1
Let us practice finding the vertices, foci and asymptotes of the hyperbola.
Sketch the graph, include these points and lines, the transverse and conjugate
axes, and the auxiliary rectangle

2 2
An equation of hyperbola is x  y  1
9 16 

Solution :
From a2 =9 and b2 = 16, then a = , b= and c=
Foci =( , ) and ( , )
Vertices =( , ) and ( , )
Asymptotes y = and y =

Activity 2
Given the graph, identify the parts of the hyperbola based on your own
understanding; Note: these are the essential parts of a hyperbola.

C. CENTER

F. _

V. _

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Fill the box with correct answer.

THE TERM COORDINATES OF A POINT

C. CENTER (0,0)

V. ( , ) AND ( , )

F. ( , ) AND ( , )

Activity 3

Write the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola with the given conditions,
and include an illustration (graph) You can write your solution in separate sheet.
1. Vertices :(3,-5) and (3,1) Vertices :(0,2) and (0,-2)
Asymptotes :y= 2x-8 and y=-2x+4 Foci:(0,8) and (0,-8)

2. The foci of a hyperbola are (-5,-3) and (9,-3). For any point on the hyperbola,
the absolute value of the differences of its of its distances from the foci is 10.
Find the standard equation of the hyperbola.
3. A hyperbola has vertices (-4,-5) and (-4,-9), and one of its foci is (-4,-2√65).Find
the standard equation of the hyperbola.

What I Have Learned

Based on your understanding of our lesson, fill the blank with the correct words.
1. A fixed point from the vertex of a hyperbola is called .
2. The line that contains the two vertices is called .
3. A smooth curve on plane consisting of two separate branches that are images
of each other is called .
4. The midpoint of two vertices is .
5. The standard form of the equation of the hyperbola where the center is the
origin and the transverse axis is horizontal

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 What I Can Do

The following application was developed during World War II. It shows how the
properties of hyperbolas can be used in radar and other detection systems

Two microphones, 1 mile apart, record an explosion. Microphone A receives the

sound 2 seconds before microphone B. where did the explosion occur? (assume
sound travels at 1100 feet per second

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1..Which of the following is the Standard Form of Equation of a Hyperbola if the
Major Axis is Horizontal and the center is at the origin?
2 2
A. y 2  x2  1 C. (x 2h) 
( y  k)
2 2

a b a 2
b

B x2 y 2 ( y  h )2 (x  k)2
 1 D.  1
a2 b2 a2 b2
2.What do you call the line segment joining two vertices in a hyperbola?

A.Conventional Axis C.Transverse Axis

B.Rotational Axis D.Minor Axis

x2 y 2  1 , identify the foci.

3.Given the equation: 
4  16

A.(2√5,0) and (-2√5,0) C.(√10,0) and (-√10,0)

B(0,2√5) and (0,-2√5) D.(0,-√10) and (0,-√10)

4.What is the equation of this graph?

2 2
A. x  y  1 x2  y 2 1
C. 
33 16 16 33 
2 2 2 2 
B. x  y  1 D. y   x  1
16 36 36 16

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5.Find the standard Equation of a Hyperbola , given the foci (0,-10) and (0,10)

y2 x2 2 2
A.  1 C. x  y  1
64 36 16 36
2 2 
x2 y 2 D. y   x  1
B.  1
64 36 36 64
6.What is the center of the hyperbola with the vertices ( 0,2) and (0,-2)

A.-1 C.3

B.1 D.0

7. Find the Standard Equation of a Hyperbola, with foci at (-1,2) and ( 5,2)
andvertices at (0,2) and (4,2)
2
C. x 
y2
A. (x  2) 
2
( y 2)2 1
1 4 25
4 5
(y  2)2 (x  2)2 
2  2
B.  1 D. y  x 1
4 5 36 64

𝟐 𝟐
(𝐱) (𝐲)
8. Given the hyperbolic equation 𝟒
− =1, what should be the length of the
𝟏𝟐

transverse axis?

A.-2 C.2
B.-4 D.4

𝟐
(𝐱 )𝟐 (𝐲)
9. 𝟔𝟒
- =1, where can we find the foci?
𝟑𝟔

A.( ±10,0 ) C. ( ±𝟒√𝟕,0 )

B.( 𝟎, ±10 ) D.(0, ±𝟒√𝟕 )

10. What equation of an hyperbola satisfies the following condition: center at (4,3)
length transverse axis is 8 and length of minor axis is 4.

2 2 2 2
( 𝐱+𝟒) (𝐲+𝟑)
A. 𝟏𝟔
- 𝟔𝟒 =1 C.
(𝐱+𝟒)
-
(𝐲+𝟑)
=1
𝟒 𝟏𝟔
2 2 D. none of the above
(𝐱−𝟒) (𝐲−𝟑)
B. 𝟏𝟔
- 𝟒 =1

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 𝟐 𝟐
11. = 1, what line represents the transverse axis?
(𝐱−𝟓) (𝐲−𝟒)
𝟔𝟒
- 𝟑𝟔

A Y= 8 B. y = 4 C. y=-2 D. y= -4

12. A fixed point from the vertex of an ellipse is called?

A. Vertex B. directrix C. foci D. all of the Above
13.The two points of intersection of the hyperbola and the transverses are
called .
A. foci B. asymptote C. vertex D. vertices
2 2
14.Given the hyperbolic equation; (x+3) - (y−1) =1, find the center of the equation.
4 16
A. (1,1) B. (-3,1) C. (1, -3) D. ( -1, 1)
15.The line of the ellipse that contains the foci is called?
A. major axis B. minor axis C. directrix D. asymptote

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Answer Key

20
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References
Books
Department of Education. Pre-calculus Learner’s Manual. Philippines . Lexicon
Press. First Edition 2016
Department of Education. Pre calculus Teacher’s Guide. Philippines .
-

Lexicon
Press. First Edition 2016
Larson and Hostetler. Pre-calculus.New York. Houghton Mifflin Company.Seventh
Edition. 2007
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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
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This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

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