INFECTIONS OF
THE EYES
BSN 1A Group 2:
Abestros, Mary Elianor A.
Agno, Mary Anne Joy B.
Aljibe, Rijean Astrea C.
Atencio, Vhenus A.
Barro, Joyville Shayne G.
Criss, Abishai Michael M.
Dacules, Cykie Z.
Dacuma, Ella Jade A.
Rañola, Gwyneth Maica A.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter, the student should be able to:
1. recognize manifestations of common eye infections;
2. characterize the common pathogens causing
infections of the eyes;
3. discuss the appropriate laboratory diagnosis and
treatment of each infection; and
4. propose measures to prevent the development of eye
infections.
Infections involving the eyes may be in the form of:
CONJUNCTIVITIS inflammation or infection involving the
conjunctiva.
KERATITIS inflammation or infection involving the
cornea.
inflammation or infection involving both
KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
the conjunctiva and the cornea.
Eye infection may be caused by bacteria or viruses.
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
also known as pink eye conjunctivitis. The
infection can be transmitted through:
human-to-human transmission via contact with
eye and respiratory discharges
contaminated fingers; and
fomites such as clothing, facial tissues, eye
makeup, eye medications and ophthalmic
instruments
Manifestations of the infection include:
eye irritation
reddening of the conjunctiva
swelling of the eyelids
mucopurulent discharge
sensitivity to light (photophobia)
ETIOLOGIC AGENTS
01 Haemophilus influenzae 04 Clamydia trachomatis
biogroup aegypticus
02 Streptococcus pneumoniae 05 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
03 Staphylococcus aureus and
Pseudomonas aeruginos
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE STREPTOCOCCUS
BIOGROUP AEGYPTICUS PNEUMONIAE
It is a gram-negative rod or Are gram-positive diplococci
coccobacillus. It is associated arranged in pairs or short
with epidemics of acute, chains are encapsulated. The
purulent conjunctivitis that organism is alpha hemolytic
commonly occur during when grown aerobically and
summer months. Its virulence beta hemolytic when grown
is due to the pili which anaerobically. One side of the
function for attachment. bacteria is slightly pointed
Mechanical transmission assuming a "lancet-shape"
through gnats has also been appearance. The virulence can
suspected as a mode of be attributed to adhesion on its
transmission. surface, capsule, pneumolysin
toxin and IgA protease.
CLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS Conjunctivitis
caused by C. trachomatis acquired through
resembles gram-negative bacteria; swimming in non-chlorinated or poorly
however it does not have chlorinated swimming pool waters referred to
peptidoglycan in its outer wall. The cell as "swimming pool conjunctivitis"
membrane has very high lipi content.
The bacteria do not have the Inclusion Conjunctivitis
components to produce its own energy
or ATP and are dependent on the host infection in newborns acquired up in passage
hece they are classified as obligate through the infected birth canal
intracellular parasites or energy
parasites have round vacuolar Trachoma
inclusions filled with glycogen and are
susceptible to sulfonamides. It is is chronic keratoconjunctivitis caused by
associated with 3 types of eye serotypes A, B, Ba, and C. It can be transmitted
infections - conjunctivitis, inclusion eye to eye by droplet, fomites and by eye-
conjunctivitis and trachoma seeking flies it is endemic in areas
characterized by poor living conditions
VIRAL INFECTIONS
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEA
Eye infections due to viruses
Also known as gonococcus is a may also take the form of
common cause of sexually conjunctivitis, keratitis or
transmitted diseases. It can cause keratoconjunctivitis. The
a neonatal infection known as infection is highly contagious
ophthalmia neonatorum, which is and can spread through
acquired upon passage through airborne means such as
the infected birth canal. The sneezing and coughing. The
prophylaxis for this infection is infection is self limited.
called Crede's prophylaxis and Clinically viral conjunctivitis
involves instilling 1% silver nitrate, differs from bacterial
erythromycin, or tetracycline to conjunctivitis in that there is
both eyes of the newborn. no purulent eye discharge.
ETIOLOGY
ADENOVIRUSES ENTEROVIRUS 70 AND HERPES SIMPLEX
COXSACKIE A24 VIRUS VIRUS TYPE 1
- cause "swimming pool" CAUSE
conjunctivitis, and the source is - can cause severe keratitis
poorly chlorinated swimming pool - cause acute which can also lead to blindness
water or contaminated ponds. hemorragicconjunctivitis, a - HSV type 1 is the second
- associated with epidemic
highly contagious eye leading cause of blindness in
keratoconjunctivitis that may lead
infection. the United States
to residual corneal opacities
MEASLES VIRUS
-Conjunctivitis is only one of the classical
manifestations of rubeola observed in
children. It is also associated with
photophobia or sensitivity to light.
REFERENCE:
Bartolome, F. A., & Quiles, E. P. (2024). A systematic approach
to microbiology and parasitology for health sciences (1st ed.).
C & E Publishing, Inc.
THANK YOU
