ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Apart from the efforts by me, the success of any project depends
largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take
this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been
instrumental in the successful completion of this project.
I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents constant encouragement
while carrying out this project.
I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of individuals who
contributed in bringing this project up to this level, who continued to
look after me despite my flaws.
I express my deep sense of gratitude to the luminary, The Principal,
Sister Stella who has been continuously motivating and extending
their helping hand to us.
My sincere thanks to Mr. Neeraj Gupta, Master In-charge, a Guide
and a Mentor, who critically reviewed my project and helped in
solving each and every problem, occurred during implementation of
the project.
The guidance and support received from all the members who
contributed and who are contributing to this project, was vital for the
success of the project. I am grateful for their constant support and
help.
 CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT DRISHTI GUPTA
HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED THE
PROJECT WORK ENTITLED DENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE SUBJECT
COMPUTER SCIENCE LAID DOWN IN THE
REGULATIONS OF CBSE FOR THE PURPOSE
OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATION IN CLASS XII
TO BE HELD IN CONVENT AND JESUS AND
MARY SCHOOL ON
16/01/2025

External Examiner: Teacher Incharge:

 Index
S.No. Description Page No.

1. Acknowledgement 2

2. Certificate 3

3. Index 4

4. Introduction & Objectives 5

5. SDLC 6

6. Proposed System 7

7. Phases Of SDLC 8

8. System Concept Development Phase 10

9. Planning Phase 12

10. Requirements Analysis Phase 13

11. Development Phase 15

12. Implementation Phase 16

13. Testing 17

14. Source Code 19

15. Outputs 22

16. Bibliography 25
 PROJECT ON DENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
The project Dental Management System with a view assist
dental hospital in their functioning. This project is aimed at
providing administration about their patient records and their
employee records.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this project is to let the students apply the
programming knowledge into a real world situation/problem
and exposed the students how programming skills helps in
developing a good software.
1. Write programs utilizing modern software tools.
2. Apply object oriented programming principles effectively when
developing small to medium sized projects.
3. Write effective procedural code to solve medium sized
problems.
4. Students will demonstrate a breadth of knowledge in computer
science, as exemplified in the areas of systems, theory and
software development.
5. Students will demonstrate ability to conduct a research or
applied Computer Science project, requiring writing and
presentation skills which exemplify scholarly style in computer
science.
 PROPOSED SYSTEM
Today we cannot afford to rely on the fallible
human of be really wants to stand against
today's merciless competition where not to
wise saying “to err is human” no longer
valid, it's outdated to rationalize your
mistake. So, to keep pace with time, to
bringthe best result without malfunctioning
and greater efficiency so to replace be
unendingheaps of files with a much
sophisticated hard disk of the computer.
One has to use the data management
software. Software has been an ascent in
atomization various organizations. Many
software products working are now in
markets, which efficiently. Data
management initially had to maintain a lot
of ledgers and a lot of paper work has to be
done but now software product on this
organization has made their work faster and
easier. Now only this software has to be
loaded on the computer and work can be
done.

This prevents a lot of time and money. The

work becomes fully automated and any
information regarding the organization can
be obtained by clicking the button.
Moreover, now its an age of computers and
automating such an organization gives the
better look.

System Development Life Cycle(SDLC)

The systems development life cycle is a project
management technique that divides complex projects
into smaller, more easily managed segments or phases.
Segmenting projects allows managers to verify the
successful completion of projecting phases before
allocating resources to subsequent phases.
Software development projects typically include
initiation, planning, designing, development, testing,
implementation, and maintenance phases. However, the
phases may be divided differently depending on the
organization involved.

For example, initial project activities might be designed

se request, requirements-definition, and planning
phases. End users of the system under development
should be involved in reviewing the output of each
phase to ensure the system is being built to deliver the
needed functionality.

PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

LIFE CYCLE
INITIATION PHASE
The Initiation Phase begins when a business sponsor identifies
a need or an opportunity.

The purpose of the Initiation Phase is to:

 Identify and validate an opportunity to improve
business accomplishments of the organisation or a
deficiency related to a business need.
 Identify significant assumptions and constraints on
solution to that need.
 Recommend the exploration of alternative concepts
and methods to satisfy the need including
questioning the need for technology, i.e., will a
change in the business process offer a solution.
 Assure executive business and executive technical
sponsorship. The Sponsor designates a Project
Manager and the business need is documented in a
Concept Proposal. The Concept Proposal includes
information about the business process and the
relationship to the Agency/Organization.
 Infrastructure and the Strategic Plan. A successful
Concept Proposal results in a Project Management
Charter which outlines the authority of the project
manager to begin the project.
 SYSTEM CONCEPT
DEVELOPMENT PHASE

The System Concept Development Phase begins after a

business need or opportunity is validated by the
Agency/Organization Program Leadership and the
Agency/Organization CIO.
The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase
is to:
 Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the
 Identify system interfaces.
 Identify basic functional and data requirements to satisfy
goals, objectives, critical success factors, and
performance measures.
 Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to
satisfy the basic functional requirements.
 Assess project risks.
 Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions and develop
high-level technical architecture, process models, data
models, and a concept of operations. This phase explores
potential technical solutions within the context of the
business need.
 It may include several trade-off decisions such as the
decision to use COTS software products as opposed to
developing custom software or refusing software
components ,or the decision to use an incremental
delivery versus a complete, onetime deployment.
 Construction of executable prototypes is
encouraged to evaluate technology to support the
business process. The System Boundary Document
serves as an important reference document to
support the Information Technology Request
(ITPR) process.
 The ITPR must be approved by the State CIO
before the project can move forward.

Pictorial Representation of SDLC :

 Planning Phase
The planning phase is the most critical step in
completing development, acquisition, and
maintenance projects. Careful planning,
particularly in the early stages of a project, is
necessary to coordinate activities and manage project
risks effectively. The depth and formality of project
plans should be commensurate with the characteristics
and risks of a given project. Project plans refine the
information gathered during the initiation phase by
further identifying the specific activities and resources
required to complete a project.
A critical part of a project manager's job is to coordinate
discussions between user, audit, security design,
development, and network personnel to identify and
document as many functional, security and network
requirements as possible. During this phase, a plan is
developed that documents the approach to used and
includes a discussion of methods, tools, tasks,
resources, project schedules, and user input. Personnel
assignments, costs, project schedule, and target
dates are established.
 REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PHASE
This phase formally defines the detailed functional user
requirements using high-level requirements identified in the
Initiation System Concept and Planning phases.
It also delineates the requirements in the terms of data, system
performance, security, and maintainability requirements for
the system.
The requirements are defined in this phase to a level of detail
sufficient for systems design to proceed.
They need to be opportunity identified in the initiation phase.
The requirements that will be used to determine acceptance of
the system are captured in the test and evaluation master plan.

DESIGN PHASE
The design phase involves converting the informational,
functional, and network requirements identified during
the initiation and planning phases into unified design
specifications that developers use to script programs
during the development phase. Program designs are
constructed in various ways. Using a top-down
approach, designers first identify and link major
program components and interfaces, then expand design
layouts as they identify and link smaller subsystems and
connections. Using a bottom- up approach, designers
first identify and link minor program components and
interfaces, then expand design layouts as they identify
and link larger systems and connections.

Contemporary design techniques often use prototyping

tools that build mock-up designs of items such as
application screens, database layouts and system
architectures. End users, designers, developers,
database managers, and network administrators should
review and refine the prototyped designs in an iterative
process until they agree on an acceptable design. Audit,
security, and quality assurance personnel should be
involved in the review and approval process. During
this phase, the system is designed to satisfy the
functional requirements identified identified in the
previous phase. Since, problems in the design phase
could be very expensive to solve in the later stage of the
software development, a variety of elements are
considered in the design to mitigate risk.
 DEVELOPMENT PHASE
The development phase involves converting design
specifications into executable programs.
Effective development standards include requirements that
programmers and other project participants discuss design
specifications before programming begins. The procedures
help ensure programmers clearly understand program designs
and functional requirements. Programmers use various
techniques to develop computer programs.
The large transaction oriented programs associated with
financial institutions have traditionally been developed using
procedural programming techniques. Procedural programming
involves the line-by-line scripting of logical instructions that
are combined to form a program. Effective completion of the
previous stages is a key factor in the success of the
Development phase.

INTEGRATION AND TEST PHASE

Subsystem integration, system, security, and user
acceptance testing and test phase. The user, with those
responsible for quality assurance, validates that the functional
requirements, as defined in the functional requirements
document, are satisfied by the developed or modified system.
OIT Security staff assess the system security and issue a
security certification and accreditation prior to
installation/implementation.
 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and
accepted by the user. In this phase, the system is installed to
support the intended business functions. System performance
is compared to performance objectives established during the
planning phase. Implementation includes user notification,
user training, installation of hardware, installation of software
onto production computers, and integration of the system into
daily work processes. This phase continues until the system is
operating in production in accordance with the defined user
requirements.

Operations and maintenance phase

The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for
continued performance in accordance with user requirements
and needed system modifications are incorporated. Operations
continue as long as the system can be effectively adapted to
respond to the organization's needs. When modifications or
changes are identified, the system may re-enter the planning
phase.
 Testing
Software testing is an empirical investigation conducted
to provide stakeholders with information about the
quality of the product or service under test[1], with
respect to the context in which it is intented to operate.
Software Testing also provides an objective,
independent view of the software to allow the business
to appreciate and understand the risks at
implementation of the software. Test techniques
include, but are limited to, the process of executing a
program or application with the intent of finding
software bugs.

Installation Procedure
Dental management system
Pre-requisites :-
You have the following software for the successful
running of this software; which are
• Python (only for the first time), it is downloadable
from 'www.python.org'.
• MySQL (only for the first time), it is downloadable
from 'www.mysqlorg'.
Installation :-
1) There will be two folders namely 'Python Files' and
'EXE files'.
2) The folder 'Python Files will contain the source code
of the software in python language. If you are running
the software by the 3rd step mentioned below you have
to pre install the following modules :
I. mysql.connector
II. matplotlib.
3) Open the files in any python editors and run it to start
and work on the software.
4) The folder 'EXE files' will contain two files namely
'main.exe' and 'Tables_in_mysql.exe'.
5) First run the "Tables_in_mysql.exe' to create the
tables in MySQL.
6) Then run the file 'main.exe' to start and work on the
software.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Computer Science With Python – Class Xii
By:Sumita Arora
 A Porject Report On Blood Bank Management System
(BBMS)
By:Praveen M.Jigajinni
 WEBSITE:https://www.w3resource.com