ORGANIC SAMPLE ANALYSIS-1

I. PRELIMINARY TESTS

S no
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Colour &Appearance ;
1 Colour and appearance of Brown liquid Maybe phenol(or) aniline
sample is noted

2 Odour: Carbonic smell is observed

Odour of the sample is noted May be phenol

3 Solubility(water):
Take one ml of given sample Soluble in NaOH solution May be acid or phenol
in test tube Shaken well with
NaOH solution

Red litmus paper test: Add few No characteristic observation Absence of aniline
4 drops of organic sample to the
wet Red litmus paper

Blue litmus paper test: No characteristic observation May not be acid

Add few drops of organic
5 sample to the wet blue litmus
paper

TEST TO FIND OUT WHETHER THE COMPOUND IS ALIPHATIC OR AROMATIC

Ignition test:
7 Take little amount of the Burns with sooty flame The compound is aromatic
sample in spatula introduce to
the flame
Nitration test:
To a mixture of 1ml of
Con.HNO3 and 1ml of
8 Con.H2SO4in a test tube, a Yellow precipitate is observed The compound is aromatic
little of compound is added
and heated in a boiling water
bath for 15 minutes and then
pour it into cold water taken in
a beaker.

Test to find out whether the compound is saturated or unsaturated

Dil. KMnO4 test:
A little of the compound is
10 shaken with water and very No decolourisation The compound may be
dil.KMnO4 is added drop wise saturated
 Bromine water test:
A little of the compound No decolourisation The compound may be
11 shaken with water and saturated
bromine water is added drop
wise

12 DETECTION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP

Sodium bicarbonate test:
To a little of sodium hydrogen
carbonate salt a little of the
13 compound is added No observation Absence of carboxylic acid

Neutral FeCl3 test:

To an aqueous organic Violet colour is observed Presence of phenol
14 compound add few drops of
neutral ferric chloride solution

2,4-DNP test: No orange-yellow precipitate is Absence of aldehyde and

15 To a little of 2,4-DNP reagent a formed ketone
little of the compound is added
and shaken
Sodium metal test:
16 Added a small piece of sodium No effervescences is observed Alcoholic group is absent
to 1ml of the given liquid in a
dry test tube.
Carbyl amine reaction:
To a small amount of organic No offensive smelling gas Amino group is absent.
17 liquid in test tube, added 1ml of evolved.
con.HCl and few drops of
CHCl3 .Then added 2ml of
alc.KOH solution and warmed
test tube.

CONFORMATORY TEST

18 Liebermann’s nitroso reaction:

A few drops of substance is Red colour turns to blue colour Presence of phenol is
mixed with con.H2SO4 and conformed
added sodium nitrite and
warmed gently for a minute and
poured into water in beaker
.Excess of NaOH is added to the
red solution in the beaker.

Result: The given organic compound is aromatic saturated phenolic group.

 ORGANIC SAMPLE ANALYSIS-2
I. PRELIMINARY TESTS

S no
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Colour &Appearance ;
1 Colour and appearance of Colour less liquid Absence of phenol(or)
sample is noted aniline

2 Odour: No characteristic smell is observed

Odour of the sample is noted May be absence of phenol
or aldehyde or aniline

3 Solubility(water):
Take one ml of given sample Completely Soluble in hot water May be acid or phenol
in test tube Shaken well with
hot water

Red litmus paper test: Add few No characteristic observation Absence of aniline
4 drops of organic sample to the
wet Red litmus paper

Blue litmus paper test: Blue litmus paper changes to red May be phenol or acid
Add few drops of organic
5 sample to the wet Blue litmus
paper

TEST TO FIND OUT WHETHER THE COMPOUND IS ALIPHATIC OR AROMATIC

Ignition test:
7 Take little amount of the Burns with non- sooty flame The compound is aliphatic
sample in spatula introduce to
the flame
Nitration test:
To a mixture of 1ml of
Con.HNO3 and 1ml of
8 Con.H2SO4in a test tube, a Yellow precipitate is not observed The compound is aliphatic
little of compound is added
and heated in a boiling water
bath for 15 minutes and then
pour it into cold water taken in
a beaker.

Test to find out whether the compound is saturated or unsaturated

Dil. KMnO4 test:
A little of the compound is
10 shaken with water and very No decolourisation The compound may be
dil.KMnO4 is added drop wise saturated
 Bromine water test:
A little of the compound No decolourisation The compound may be
11 shaken with water and saturated
bromine water is added drop
wise

12 DETECTION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP

Sodium bicarbonate test:
To a little of sodium hydrogen
carbonate salt a little of the Brisk effervescence is observed Presence of carboxylic acid
13 compound is added

Neutral FeCl3 test:

To an aqueous organic Violet colour is not observed Absence of phenol
14 compound add few drops of
neutral ferric chloride solution

2,4-DNP test: No orange-yellow precipitate is Absence of aldehyde and

15 To a little of 2,4-DNP reagent a formed ketone
little of the compound is added
and shaken
Sodium metal test:
16 Added a small piece of sodium No effervescences is observed Alcoholic group is absent
to 1ml of the given liquid in a
dry test tube.
Carbyl amine reaction:
To a small amount of organic No offensive smelling gas Amino group is absent.
17 liquid in test tube, added 1ml of evolved.
con.HCl and few drops of
CHCl3 .Then added 2ml of
alc.KOH solution and warmed
test tube.

CONFORMATORY TEST

18 To a little of organic compound

Added ethanol and A pleasant fruity smell observed Presence of carboxylic acid is
con.H2SO4and poured into a conformed
water containing beaker

Result: The given organic compound is aliphatic saturated carboxylic group.

 ORGANIC SAMPLE ANALYSIS-3
I. PRELIMINARY TESTS

S no
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Colour &Appearance ;
1 Colour and appearance of Colour less liquid Maybe absence of phenol(or)
sample is noted aniline

2 Odour:
Odour of the sample is noted Bitter almond smell is observed May be an aldehyde

3 Solubility(water):
Take one ml of given sample Soluble in distilled water May be acid or alcohol or
in test tube Shaken well with aldehyde
distilled water

Red litmus paper test: Add few No characteristic observation Absence of aniline
4 drops of organic sample to the
wet blue litmus paper

Blue litmus paper test: No characteristic observation May not be acid

Add few drops of organic
5 sample to the wet red litmus
paper

TEST TO FIND OUT WHETHER THE COMPOUND IS ALIPHATIC OR AROMATIC

Ignition test:
7 Take little amount of the Burns with non-sooty flame The compound is aliphatic
sample in spatula introduce to
the flame
Nitration test:
To a mixture of 1ml of
Con.HNO3 and 1ml of
8 Con.H2SO4in a test tube, a Yellow precipitate is not observed The compound is aliphatic
little of compound is added
and heated in a boiling water
bath for 15 minutes and then
pour it into cold water taken in
a beaker.

Test to find out whether the compound is saturated or unsaturated

Dil. KMnO4 test:
A little of the compound is
10 shaken with water and very No decolourisation The compound may be
dil.KMnO4 is added drop wise saturated
Bromine water test:
A little of the compound No decolourisation The compound may be
11 shaken with water and saturated
bromine water is added drop
wise
12 DETECTION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP
Sodium bicarbonate test:
To a little of sodium hydrogen
carbonate salt a little of the No observation Absence of carboxylic acid
13 compound is added

Neutral FeCl3 test:

To an aqueous organic Violet colour is not observed absence of phenol
14 compound add few drops of
neutral ferric chloride solution

2,4-DNP test: orange-yellow precipitate is presence of aldehyde and

15 To a little of 2,4-DNP reagent a formed ketone
little of the compound is added
and shaken
Sodium metal test:
16 Added a small piece of sodium No effervescences is observed Alcoholic group is absent
to 1ml of the given liquid in a
dry test tube.
Carbyl amine reaction:
To a small amount of organic No offensive smelling gas Amino group is absent.
17 liquid in test tube, added 1ml of evolved.
con.HCl and few drops of
CHCl3 .Then added 2ml of
alc.KOH solution and warmed
test tube.
To a little of organic
compound Schiff’s reagent is Pink colour is developed Presence of aldehyde
added

CONFORMATORY TEST

18 Tollen’s test:
To a little of organic Black precipitate is formed and Presence of aldehyde is
compound little of tollen’s then a bright silver mirror is conformed
reagent is added and heated in formed on walls of the test rube
boiling water

Fehling’s test: To a little of

organic compound added Red precipitate is formed Presence of aldehyde is
mixture of Fehling solution –A conformed
and Fehling solution-B warmed
in test tube

Result: The given organic compound is aliphatic saturated aldehyde group.

 ORGANIC SAMPLE ANALYSIS-4
I. PRELIMINARY TESTS

S no
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Colour &Appearance ;
1 Colour and appearance of Brown liquid Maybe phenol(or) aniline
sample is noted

2 Odour: Rotten fish smell is observed

Odour of the sample is noted May be aniline

3 Solubility(water):
Take one ml of given sample Soluble in HCl solution Presence of aniline
in test tube Shaken well with
HCl solution

Red litmus paper test: Add few Presence of aniline

4 drops of organic sample to the Red litmus paper turns to blue
wet litmus paper

Blue litmus paper test: No characteristic observation May not be acid

Add few drops of organic
5 sample to the wet blue litmus
paper

TEST TO FIND OUT WHETHER THE COMPOUND IS ALIPHATIC OR AROMATIC

Ignition test:
7 Take little amount of the Burns with sooty flame The compound is aromatic
sample in spatula introduce to
the flame
Nitration test:
To a mixture of 1ml of
Con.HNO3 and 1ml of
8 Con.H2SO4in a test tube, a Yellow precipitate is observed The compound is aromatic
little of compound is added
and heated in a boiling water
bath for 15 minutes and then
pour it into cold water taken in
a beaker.

Test to find out whether the compound is saturated or unsaturated

Dil. KMnO4 test:
A little of the compound is
10 shaken with water and very No decolourisation The compound may be
dil.KMnO4 is added drop wise saturated
 Bromine water test:
A little of the compound No decolourisation The compound may be
11 shaken with water and saturated
bromine water is added drop
wise

12 DETECTION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP

Sodium bicarbonate test:
To a little of sodium hydrogen
carbonate salt a little of the
13 compound is added No observation Absence of carboxylic acid

Neutral FeCl3 test:

To an aqueous organic Violet colour is not observed Absence of phenol
14 compound add few drops of
neutral ferric chloride solution

2,4-DNP test: No orange-yellow precipitate is Absence of aldehyde and

15 To a little of 2,4-DNP reagent a formed ketone
little of the compound is added
and shaken
Sodium metal test:
16 Added a small piece of sodium No effervescences is observed Alcoholic group is absent
to 1ml of the given liquid in a
dry test tube.
Carbyl amine reaction:
To a small amount of organic Offensive smelling gas evolved. Amino group is Present.
17 liquid in test tube, added 1ml of
con.HCl and few drops of
CHCl3 .Then added 2ml of
alc.KOH solution and warmed
test tube.

CONFORMATORY TEST

18 Azo-dye test:

Result: The given organic compound is aromatic saturated amine group.

 ORGANIC SAMPLE ANALYSIS-5
I. PRELIMINARY TESTS

S no
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Colour &Appearance ;
1 Colour and appearance of Colour less Absence of phenol(or)
sample is noted aniline

2 Odour: No characteristic smell is observed Absence of aldehyde

Odour of the sample is noted ,phenol or aldehyde

3 Solubility(water):
Take one ml of given sample Soluble in water May be acid or alcohol
in test tube Shaken well with
distilled water

Red litmus paper test: Add few No characteristic observation Absence of aniline
4 drops of organic sample to the
wet Red litmus paper

Blue litmus paper test: No characteristic observation May not be acid

Add few drops of organic
5 sample to the wet Blue litmus
paper

TEST TO FIND OUT WHETHER THE COMPOUND IS ALIPHATIC OR AROMATIC

Ignition test:
7 Take little amount of the Burns with sooty flame The compound is aromatic
sample in spatula introduce to
the flame
Nitration test:
To a mixture of 1ml of
Con.HNO3 and 1ml of
8 Con.H2SO4in a test tube, a Yellow precipitate is observed The compound is aromatic
little of compound is added
and heated in a boiling water
bath for 15 minutes and then
pour it into cold water taken in
a beaker.

Test to find out whether the compound is saturated or unsaturated

Dil. KMnO4 test:
A little of the compound is
10 shaken with water and very No decolourisation The compound may be
dil.KMnO4 is added drop wise saturated
Bromine water test:
A little of the compound No decolourisation The compound may be
11 shaken with water and saturated
bromine water is added drop
wise
12 DETECTION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP
Sodium bicarbonate test:
To a little of sodium hydrogen
carbonate salt a little of the
13 compound is added No observation Absence of carboxylic acid

Neutral FeCl3 test:

To an aqueous organic Violet colour is not observed Absence of phenol
14 compound add few drops of
neutral ferric chloride solution

2,4-DNP test: No orange-yellow precipitate is Absence of aldehyde and

15 To a little of 2,4-DNP reagent a formed ketone
little of the compound is added
and shaken
Sodium metal test:
16 Added a small piece of sodium effervescences is observed Alcoholic group is absent
to 1ml of the given liquid in a
dry test tube.
Carbyl amine reaction:
To a small amount of organic No offensive smelling gas Amino group is absent.
17 liquid in test tube, added 1ml of evolved.
con.HCl and few drops of
CHCl3 .Then added 2ml of
alc.KOH solution and warmed
test tube.

CONFORMATORY TEST

18 Ceric ammonium nitrate test:

To a little of organic compound Pink or red colour is observed Presence of alcohol is
add few drops of ceric conformed
ammonium nitrate reagent and
shaken well

Result: The given organic compound is aromatic saturated alcoholic group.