MCQ’S

Level – 1

Q.1 A DC ammeter cannot be used to measure an alternating current because

(a) DC ammeter will get damage
(b) average value of AC for complete cycle is zero
(c) alternating current cannot pass through DC ammeter
(d) alternating current changes its direction
Q.2 Why the use of ac voltage is preferred over dc voltage?
(a) Generation of ac is more economical than dc
(b) AC can be stepped up and stepped down
(c) It can be transmitted with lower energy loss
(d) All of the above
Q.3 Alternating current is transmitted at far off places
(a) at high voltage and low current.
(b) at high voltage and high current.
(c) at low voltage and low current.
(d) at low voltage and high current.
Q.4 In the case of an inductor
𝜋
(a) voltage lags the current by 2
𝜋
(b) voltage leads the current by
2
𝜋
(c) voltage lags the current by 3
𝜋
(d) voltage lags the current by
4
Q.5 When an AC voltage is applied to an series LCR circuit, which of the
following true?
(a) I and V are out of phase with each other in R
(b) I and V are in phase in L with C, they are out of phase
(c) I and V are out of phase in both, C and L
(d) I and V are out of phase in L and in phase in C
Q.6 The power factor of series LCR circuit at resonance is
(a) Zero (c) 1.0
(b) 0.5 (d) depends on value of L,C and R
Q.7 Transformer is based upon the principal of
(a) Self induction (b) Mutual induction (c) Eddy current (d)None of the
above
Q.8 The root mean square value of the alternating current is equal to
(a) Twice the peak value (b) Half the peak value
1
(c) times the peak value (d) Equal to the peak value
√2
Q.9 For high frequency, a capacitor offers
(a) More reactance (b) Less reactance
(c) Zero reactance (d) Infinite reactance
Q.10 In an A.C. circuit the current

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 (a) Always leads the voltage
(b) Always lags behind the voltage
(c) Is always in phase with the voltage
(d) May lead or lag behind or be in phase with the voltage
Q.11 Which of the following statements is true about the LCR circuit connected to
an AC source at resonance?
(a) voltage across R equals the applied voltage
(b) voltage across R is zero
(c) voltage across C is zero
(d) voltage across L equals the applied voltage
Q.12 What happens to the inductive reactance when the frequency of the AC
supply is increased?
(a) Increases (b) Decreases (c) Remains the same (d) Decreases
inversely
Q.13 When is the current in a circuit wattless?
(a) When the inductance of the circuit is zero
(b) When the resistance of the circuit is zero.
(c) When the current is alternating.
(d) When both resistance and inductance are zero.
Q.14 L, C and R denote inductance, capacitance and resistance respectively.
Pick out the combination which does not have the dimensions of frequency
(a) 1/RC (b) R/L (c) C/L (d) 1/√𝐿𝐶
Q.15 What will be the phase difference between virtual voltage and virtual
current, when the current in the circuit is wattless
(a) 90° (b) 45° (c) 180° (d) 60°
Q.16 The phase difference between the current and voltage of LCR circuit in
series combination at resonance is
𝜋
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 𝜋 (d) – 𝜋
Q.17 Power delivered by the source of the circuit becomes maximum, when
1 1
(a) 𝜔𝐿 = 𝜔𝐶 (𝑏)𝜔𝐿 = (𝑐)𝜔𝐿 = √𝜔𝐶 (𝑑)𝜔𝐿 = −
𝜔𝐶 𝜔𝐶
Q.18 When power is drawn from the secondary coil of the transformer, the
dynamic resistance
(a) Increases (b) Decreases (c) Remains unchanged
(d)Changes erratically

Q.19 A transformer is employed to

(a) Obtain a suitable dc voltage
(b) Convert dc into ac
(c) Obtain a suitable ac voltage
(d) Convert ac into dc
Q.20 Quantity that remains unchanged in a transformer is
(a) Voltage (b) Current (c) Frequency (d) None of above

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 Level – 2
Q.1 In series LCR circuit, the capacitance is changed from C to 4C. For the same
resonant frequency, the inductance should be changed from L to
(a) 2L (b) L / 2 (c) L / 4 (d) 4 L
Q.2 A bulb and a capacitor are connected in series to a source of alternating
current. If its frequency is increased, while keeping the voltage of the source
constant, then
(a) Bulb will give more intense light
(b) Bulb will give less intense light
(c) Bulb will give light of same intensity as before
(d) Bulb will stop radiating light

Q.3 The i-V curve for anti-resonant circuit is

Q.4 If rotational velocity of an a.c. generator armature is doubled, then induced

e.m.f will become
(a) Half (b) Two times (c) Four times (d) Unchanged
Q.5 In a step-up transformer, the turn ratio is 1: 2. A Leclanche cell (e.m.f. 1.5V)
is connected across the primary. The voltage developed in the secondary
would be
(a) 3.0 V (b) 0.75 V (c) 1.5 V (d) Zero
Q.6 In a step-up transformer the turn’s ratio is 1:10. A resistance of 200 ohm
connected across the secondary is drawing a current of 0.5 A. What is the
primary voltage and current?
(a) 50 V, 1 A (b) 10 V, 5 A (c) 25 V, 4 A (d) 20 V, 2 A
Q.7 The turns ratio of a transformer is given as 2:3.If the current through the
primary coil is 3A, then the current in secondary coil is
(a) 1A (b) 4.5A (c) 2A (d) 1.5A
Q.8 The peak value of AC voltage on a 220 V mains is
(a) 110 √2 (𝑏)200 √2 (𝑐)240 √2 (𝑑)220 √2
Q.9 In a series LCR circuit, resistance R = 10 and the impedance Z = 20. The
phase difference between the current and the voltage is
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) 900
Q.10 The frequency for which a 5 μF capacitor has a reactance of 1 Ω is given
1000
by
1 1000 100
(a) 1000 Hz (b) 𝐻𝑧 (𝑐) ℎ𝑧 (𝑑) 𝑀𝐻𝑧
1000 𝜋 𝜋

Level – 3
Q.1 An inductance of 1 mH a condenser of 10 μF and a resistance of 50 Ω are
connected in series. The reactance of inductor and condensers are same.
The reactance of either of them will be

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 (a) 100 Ω (b) 30 Ω (c) 3.2 Ω (d) 10 Ω
Q.2 An ac circuit consists of an inductor of inductance 0.5 H and a capacitor of
capacitance 8 μF in series. The current in the circuit is maximum when the
angular frequency of ac source is
(a) 500 rad/sec (b) 2X105 rad/sec (c) 4000 rad/sec (d) 5000 rad/sec
Q.3 An inductive circuit contains a resistance of 10 Ω and an inductance of 2.0 H.
If an ac voltage of 120 V and frequency of 60 Hz is applied to this circuit, the
current in the circuit would be nearly
(a) 0.32 A (b) 0.16 A (c) 0.48 A (d) 0.80 A
Q.4 The power factor of an ac circuit having resistance (R) and inductance (L)
connected in series and an angular velocity ω is
𝑅 𝑅 𝜔𝐿 𝑅
(a) 𝜔𝐿 (b) 2 2 2
(c) 𝑅 (d) 2 2 2
√(𝑅 +𝜔 𝐿 ) √(𝑅 −𝜔 𝐿 )
Q.5 A telephone wire of length 200 km has a capacitance of 0.014 μF per km. If
it carries an ac of frequency 5 kHz, what should be the value of an inductor
required to be connected in series so that the impedance of the circuit is
minimum
(a) 0.35 mH (b) 35 mH (c) 3.5 mH (d) Zero
Q.6 An LCR series circuit with a resistance of 100 Ω is connected to an ac source
of 200 V (r.m.s.) and angular frequency 300 rad/s. When only the capacitor
is removed, the current lags behind the voltage by 60 0. When only the
inductor is removed the current leads the voltage by 600. The average power
dissipated is
(a) 50 W (b) 100 W (c) 200 W (d) 400W
Q.7 A power transformer is used to step up an alternating e.m.f. of 220 V to 11
kV to transmit 4.4 kW of power. If the primary coil has 1000 turns, what is the
current rating of the secondary? Assume 100% efficiency for the transformer
(a) 4 A (b) 0.4 A (c) 0.04 A (d) 0.2 A
Q.8 A loss free transformer has 500 turns on its primary winding and 2500 in
secondary. The meters of the secondary indicate 200 volts at 8 amperes
under these conditions. The voltage and current in the primary is
(a) 100 V, 16 A (b) 40 V, 40 A (c) 160 V, 10 A (d) 80 V, 20 A
Q.9 The figure shows variation of R, XL and XC
with frequency f in a series L, C, R circuit.
Then for what frequency point, the circuit is
inductive

(a) A (b) B (c)

C (d) All points

Q.10 Which of the following plots may represent the reactance of a series LC
combination

(a) a (b) b (c) c (d) d

Assertion – Reason Questions:

(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of
the assertion.

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(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false
Q.1 Assertion: A bulb connected in series with a solenoid is connected to ac
source. If a soft iron core is introduced in the solenoid, the bulb
will glow brighter.
Reason: On introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, the inductance
decreases.
Q.2 Assertion: Soft iron is used as a core of transformer.
Reason: Area of hysteresis is loop for soft iron is small.
Q.3 Assertion: When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive
reactance in LCR current, e.m.f. leads the current.
Reason: The phase angle is the angle between the alternating e.m.f and
alternating current of the circuit.
Q.4 Assertion: A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in an ac circuit
in place of the choke coil.
Reason: A capacitor blocks dc and allows ac only.
Q.5 Assertion: A given transformer can be used to step-up or step-down the
voltage.
Reason: The output voltage depends upon the ratio of the number of turns
of the two coils of the transformer.
Q.6 Assertion: In series LCR circuit resonance can take place.
Reason: Resonance takes place if inductance and capacitive reactance’s
are equal and opposite.
Q.7 Assertion: The alternating current lags behind the e.m.f. by a phase angle
of 𝜋/2, when ac flows through an inductor.
Reason: The inductive reactance increases as the frequency of ac source
decreases.
Q.8 Assertion: Capacitor serves as a block for dc and offers an easy path to ac.
Reason: Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency.
Q.9 Assertion: When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive
reactance in LCR current, e.m.f. leads the current .
Reason: The phase angle is the angle between the alternating e.m.f. and
alternating current of the circuit.
Q.10 Assertion: Chock coil is preferred over a resistor to adjust current in an ac
circuit.
Reason: Power factor for inductance is zero.
Q.11 Assertion: If the frequency of alternating current in an ac circuit consisting
of an inductance coil is increased then current gets decreased.
Reason: The current is inversely proportional to frequency of alternating
current.
Q.12 Assertion: An alternating current does not show any magnetic effect.
Reason: Alternating current varies with time.

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Q.13 Assertion: The dc and ac both can be measured by a hot wire instrument.
Reason: The hot wire instrument is based on the principle of magnetic effect
of current.
Q.14 Assertion: ac is more dangerous than dc
Reason: Frequency of ac is dangerous for human body.
Q.15 Assertion: Average value of ac over a complete cycle is always zero.
Reason: Average value of ac is always defined over half cycle.
Q.16 Assertion: The divisions are equally marked on the scale of ac ammeter.
Reason: Heat produced is directly proportional to the current.
Q.17 Assertion: When ac circuit contain resistor only, its power is minimum.
Reason: Power of a circuit is independent of phase angle.
Q.18 Assertion: An electric lamp connected in series with a variable capacitor and
ac source, its brightness increases with increase in capacitance.
Reason: Capacitive reactance decrease with increase in capacitance of
capacitor.
Q.19 Assertion: An inductance and a resistance are connected in series with an
ac circuit. In this circuit the current and the potential difference
across the resistance lag behind potential difference across the
inductance by an angle 𝜋/2.
Reason: In LR circuit voltage leads the current by phase angle which
depends on the value of inductance and resistance both.
Q.20 Assertion: A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in an ac circuit
in place of the choke coil.
Reason: A capacitor blocks dc and allows ac only.

SA – I (2 Marks each)
Level – 1

Q.1 (i) Define root mean square value of an alternating current.

(ii) Write the relation between peak and root mean square value of alternating
current.
Q.2 Draw the graphs showing variation of inductive reactance and capacitive
reactance with frequency of applied ac source.
Q.3 A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observation when
this combination is connected in turn across
(i) AC source
(ii) a DC battery. What change would your notice in each case if the
capacitance of the capacitor is increased?
Q.4 (i) Define capacitive reactance. Write its SI unit.
(ii) Why is the use of AC voltage preferred over DC voltage? Give two reasons.
Q.5 State the principal of a transformer. How is the large scale transmission of
electric energy over long distances done with the use of transformers?
Q.6 Mention various energy losses in a transformer.

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Q.7 At an airport, a person is made to walk through the doorway of a metal
detector, for security reasons. If she/he is carrying anything made of metal,
the detector emits a sound. On what principal does this detector work?
Q.8 (i) Define power factor of an ac circuit.
(ii) What are the maximum and minimum values of power factor of an ac
circuit?

Level – 2
Q.1 Prove that an ideal capacitor in an ac circuit does not dissipate power.
Q.2 In a series LCR circuit, obtain the condition under which
(i) the impedance of circuit is minimum and
(ii) wattles current flows in the circuit.
Q.3 State the principal of working of a transformer. Can a transformer be used to
step up or step down a DC voltage? Justify your answer.
Q.4 Differentiate between the term inductive reactance and capacitive reactance
of an AC circuit.
Q.5 Write the expression for the impedance offered by the series combination of
resistor, inductor and capacitor connected to an AC source of voltage,
𝑉 = 𝑉0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡. Show on a graph the variation of the voltage and the current with
𝜔𝑡 in the circuit.

Level – 3
Q.1 “An alternating current doesn’t show any magnetic effect”. True/false. Justify
your answer.
Q.2 A power transmission line feeds input power at 2200 V to a step down
transformer with its primary windings having 3000 turns. Find the number of
turns in the secondary winding to get the power output at 220 V.
Q.3 A bulb B and a capacitor C are connected in series to the ac mains. The bulb
glows with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change when a
dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor? Give reasons
in support of your answer.
SA – II (3 Marks each)
Level – 1
Q.1 What is inductive reactance? If an AC voltage is applied across an inductance
L, find an expression for the current I flowing in the circuit. Also show the
phase relationship between current and voltage in a phasor diagram.
Q.2 What is capacitive reactance? If an ac voltage is applied across a capacitance
C, find an expression for the current I flowing in the circuit. Also show the
phase relationship between current and voltage in a phasor diagram.
Q.3 If the frequency of alternating current is tripled, how will it affect resistance R,
inductive reactance XL and capacitive reactance XC?
Q.4 For a given ac circuit, differentiate between resistance, reactance and
impedance.

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 Level – 2
Q.1 An alternating voltage 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 applied to a series LCR circuit derives a
current given by 𝑖 = 𝑖𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + ∅). Deduce an expression for the average
power dissipated over a cycle.
Q.2 When a capacitor is connected in series with a series LR circuit, the
alternating current flowing in the circuit increases. Explain why.
Q.3 State the principal of an AC generator. Obtain the expression for the emf
induced in a coil with labelled diagram.

Level – 3

Q.1 An inductor L of inductance XL is connected in series with a bulb B and an

AC source. How would brightness of the bulb change when (i) number of
turns in the inductor is reduced. (ii) an iron rod is inserted in the inductor and
(iii) a capacitor of reactance XC=XL is inserted in series in the circuit. Justify
your answer in each case.
Q.2 Does the current in an ac circuit lag, lead, or remain in phase with the voltage
frequency applied to the circuit, when (i) f=fr, (ii) f<fr and (iii) f>fr, where fr is
the resonant frequency?
LA (5 Marks each)
Level – 1
Q.1 (i) Differentiate between the term inductive reactance and capacitive
reactance of an ac circuit.
(ii) If an inductor and a resistor are connected in series in an ac circuit, what
will be the mathematical expression for the impedance of this circuit. How will
the impedance get affected when the frequency of applied signal is decreased
and why?

Level –2
Q.1 A device X is connected across as AC source of voltage 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡. The
𝜋
current through X is given as 𝑖 = 𝑖𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜔𝑡 + 2 ).
(i) Identify the device X and write the expression for its reactance.
(ii) Draw graphs showing variation of voltage and current with time over one
cycle of AC, for X
(iii) How does the reactance of the device X vary with frequency of the AC?
Show this variation graphically.
(iv) Draw the phasor diagram for the device X.

Level – 3
Q.1 A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source. The variation of voltage, current
and power in one complete cycle is shown in the figure

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 (i) Identify the device X.
(ii) Which of the curves A, B and C represent the voltage, current and the
power consumed in the circuit? Justify the answer.
(iii) How does its impedance vary with frequency of the AC source? Show
graphically.
(iv) Obtain an expression for the current in the circuit and its phase relation
with AC voltage.
Numericals:
Level – 1
1. An alternating voltage given by V= 280 sin 50𝜋𝑡 is connected across a pure
resistor of 40 Ω. Find
(i) the frequency of the source.
(ii) the rms current through the resistor.
2. A light bulb is rated as 150 W for 220 V AC supply of 60 Hz. Calculate
(i) resistance of the bulb
(ii) the rms current through the bulb.
3. A power transmission line feeds input power at 2200 V to a step down
transformer with its primary windings having 3000 turns. Find the number of
turns in the secondary winding to get the power output at 220 V.
4 Calculate the quality factor of a series LCR circuit with L=2.0 H, C= 2 μF and
R= 10 Ω

Level – 2
1. A circuit containing an 80 mH inductor and a 25 mF capacitor in series
connected to a 240 V, 100 rad/s supply. The resistance of the circuit is
negligible. (i) obtain rms value of current (ii) what is the total average power
consumed by the circuit?
2. A circuit is set up by connecting inductance L = 100 mH, resistor R = 100 Ω
and a capacitor of reactance 200 Ω in series. An alternating emf of 150√ 2 V,
500/π Hz is applied across this series combination. Calculate the power
dissipated in the resistor.
3. A step down transformer operated on a 2.5 kV line. It supplies a load with 20
A. The ratio of the primary winding to the secondary is 10:1. If the transformer
is 90% efficient, calculate (i) the power output (ii) the voltage and (iii) the
current in the secondary coil.

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 Level – 3
1. A 2 μF capacitor, 100 Ω resistor and 8 H inductor are connected in series with
a AC source.
(i) What should be the frequency of the source such that current drawn in the
circuit is maximum? What is this frequency called?
(ii) If the peak value of emf of the source is 200 V, find the maximum current.
(iii) Draw graph showing variation of amplitude of circuit current with changing
frequency of applied voltage in a series LCR circuit for two different values
of resistance R1 and R2 (R1>R2).
(iv) Define the term sharpness of resonance. Under what condition, does a
circuit become more selective?
2. The primary coil of an ideal step up transformer has 100 turns and
transformation ratio is also 100. The input voltage and power are respectively
220V and 1100 W. calculate
(i) number of turns in secondary
(ii) current in primary
(iii) voltage across secondary
(iv) current in secondary
(v) power in secondary
3. A series LCR circuit with L= 4.0 H, C= 100 μF and R= 60 Ω is connected to a
variable frequency 240 V source. Calculate
(i) the angular frequency of the source which drives the circuit at
resonance
(ii) the current at the resonating frequency
(iii) the rms potential drop across the inductor at resonance.

Case Based questions/Source based questions:

Q.1 When electric power is transmitted over great distances, it is economical to
use a high voltage and a low current to minimize the I 2R loss in the
transmission lines. Consequently, 350-kV lines are common, and in many
areas even higher-voltage (765-kV) lines are under construction. At the
receiving end of such lines, the consumer requires power at a low voltage (for
safety and for efficiency in design). Therefore, a device is required that can
change the alternating voltage and current without causing appreciable
changes in the power delivered. The ac transformer is that device. In its
simplest form, the ac transformer consists of two coils of wire wound around
a core of iron. The coil on the left, which is connected to the input alternating
voltage source and has N1 turns, is called the primary winding (or the
primary). The coil on the right, consisting of N 2 turns and connected to a load
resistor R, is called the secondary winding (or the secondary). The purpose
of the iron core is to increase the magnetic flux through the coil and to provide
a medium in which nearly all the flux through one coil passes through the
other coil. Eddy current losses are reduced by using a laminated core. Iron is

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 used as the core material because it is a soft ferromagnetic substance and
hence reduces hysteresis losses. Typical transformers have power
efficiencies from 90% to 99%. In the discussion that follows, we assume an
ideal transformer, one in which the energy losses in the windings and core
are zero.

1. Name the different types of losses involve in transformer.

2. How to minimise eddy current losses in transformer?
3. What cause the Hysteresis loss?
4. Which type of transformer used at the receiving end?

Competency based questions:

Q.1 An alternating current is that whose magnitude changes continuously with
time and direction reverses periodically and the current that flows with same
magnitude in same direction is direct current.
(i) If an ammeter is used to measure alternating current in circuit, which value
of current will it read
(a) Peak (b) rms (c) Instantaneous (d) Average
(ii) If T is the time period of given alternating current, then how much time it
requires to reach its peak value starting from zero
(a) T (b) T/2 (c) T/4 (d) T/8
(iii) What is the average value of alternating current over one complete cycle
(a) 0 (b) Im (c) Im/2 (d) Im/4
(iv)For a 220 V mains of alternating voltage peak value will be
(a) 220 V (b) 220/√2 V (c) 220√2 V (d) 110 V

Q.2 Quantity that measures the opposition

offered by a circuit to the flow of current is
called impedance. For an ac circuit,
reactance corresponding to inductor and
capacitor is also considered, along with
resistance. So, impedance for the ac circuit
can be given mathematically as Z2 = R2 + X2,
where X is the reactance.
Impedance triangle is a right-angled triangle given as in the diagram and
satisfy the above mathematical equation. Also phase angle ∅ between
current and voltage can be given by using this impedance triangle.
(i) Impedance for a purely capacitive circuit depends on
(a) f (b) 2f (c) 1/f (d) 1/2f
(ii) Impedance for a purely inductive circuit depends on
(a) f (b) 2f (c) 1/f (d) 1/2f
(iii) For ac circuit containing resistor only, value of Φ will be
(a)0 (b) π/2 (c) - π/2 (d) π

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 (iv) What is the impedance of a capacitor with capacitance C in an ac circuit
having source of frequency 50 Hz
(a) 1/C (b) 1/50 C (c)1/100 C (d) 1/314 C
CCT Based Question:
Q.1 An airport metal is essentially a resonant circuit. The portal you step through
is an inductor (a large loop of conducting wire) that is part of the circuit. The
frequency of the circuit is tuned to the resonant frequency of the circuit when
there is no metal in the inductor. Any metal on your body increases the
effective inductance of the loop and changes the current in it. When you pass
through a metal detector, you become part of a resonant circuit. As you step
through the detector, the inductance of the circuit changes, and thus the
current in the circuit changes.

1. What is resonance?
2. On what factors does resonance frequency depends?
3. For the metal detector to detect a small metal object the sharpness of the
current versus frequency graph be more or less? Justify your answer.
4. What is impedance of the circuit at resonance?

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