Title: The effect of using Snowball Throwing Game in studyingto improve
English Vocabulary mastery of the second grade students of SD N 3 Krapyak
Jepara in academic year 2020/2021
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
As one of the important aspects in learning English, vocabulary can be the
first step in mastering and communicating in English (Alderson, J.C. & Bachman,
2000).It is impossible to make sentences without mastering vocabularies for
communication. As the basic of studying English, vocabularies are taught from
the basic school that is elementary school for formal school in Indonesia. In
elementary school, English are taught start from first grade with average 7 years
old students until sixth grade with average 12 years old students. Because of
students that are classified as children, students often give less attention to teacher
and play with their friends such as found in SD N 3 Krapyak. This condition is
happened because naturally children like playing especially for students at first
and second grade. The students are easy to lose their concentration to teacher in
the class because of getting disturbed by their friends. When teacher are
explaining to some students or group, students that are not getting explained often
playing and talking without giving attention to teacher. That class condition that is
not conducive will affect to students’ comprehension of the material especially in
studying English that is something new for elementary students.
In addition, students often get difficulties to understand the material.
Students have to memorize vocabulary to master it well. At SD N 3 Krapyak,
students often memorize it manually that makes them confuse because of too
many vocabularies to memorize. English that is not native language for students
of course will give difficulties to memorize moreover for children at elementary
school. It will give impact for students who haven’t memorize the material as
well. They will not be active in the class because of getting confused and less
concentration because of the memorizing problem.
Faced with those realities, many researches have been conducted to
investigate appropriate teaching strategies and methods to help students
understanding material. Snowball Throwing Game is one of methods that can be
used to face those problems. This method is believed to be able to make students
to be more active, interested and easy in understanding the material (Nurmalasari
& Apsari, 2019). The problem faced by the class that less active and interest will
be solved by this method by playing the game. Elementary students that naturally
like playing will be enthusiastic to study through the game. All students will
active to be part of the game and pay attention to the teacher as the center of the
game. Memorizing problem will be solved as well by the game because students
will not memorize manually, but they will memorize and understand the
vocabularry through the game. The game will make them to be more motivated
and they will make more effort to master the material to win the game.
Lalu? Harus dilanjutkan kamu mau apa?
1.2 Research Question
Based on the background of the problems above, the study focus on the following
questions:
[1.] How significant is the effect of Snowball Throwing Game for Elementary
school students in studying English vocabularyto improve English …dst?
harus lengkap kelas berapa dimana tahun ajaran kapan
1.3 Objective of the Research
The main objective of the study is as the following:
[1.] to indentify the effect of Snowball Throwing Game for Elementary school
students in studyingto improve English vocabulary. (sesuiakan research
question)
1.4 Significances of the Research
The process and the results of this study are hoped to be useful and important. The
purpose of this study are as the following:
1. Theoretically
The results of this study clarify the method that can be used in teaching and
learning especially for vocabulary learning. Hopefully, the results of this study
can be used as a basis for offering a model of teaching and learning process.
2. Practically
For teachers, the researcher hopes that this study gives inspiration and motivation
to try the Snowball Throwing Game that had been experimented in teaching
vocabulary. For the students, this study gives insight on how to study and master
vocabulary easily. It also gives motivation and interest to everyone who wants to
improve their skill when they read for their academic affairs as well as for non-
academic affairs.
3. Pedagogically
This study can be used as reference for further studies in improving the
vocabulary of the students and other skills.
II. REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE AND HYPOTHESIS
2.1 Previous Studies
The researches in Snowball Throwing games have been done by some
researchers. Anugrah (2020) conducted a study of the use of snowball throwing
game in teaching English speaking. The purpose of the study was to improve the
quality of learning and teaching processes and to detect and solve the problems in
the teaching and learning process. The research was conducted at Budi Bakti
Utama Vocational School where the problems are appeared. There participants
were some English teachers and 34 students in Budi Bakti Utama Vocational
School Grade XII Technique of Motocycle Engine. The class was done eight
times from September 4th to October 9th 2018. The researcher used pre test , post
test and interview to English teacher and some students to colect the data. There
are 2 points of findings. First, the use of snowball throwing game can upgrade the
ability of students speaking. It is shown by the improvement of score, behavior
and attitude after being taught using the game. Second, snowball throwing game
can help students increase vocabulary and improve their vocabulary of the topic
because they discuss it with their friend in group . Students can express anything
they want to speak and it can make them feel free to describe.
Lestari (2019) conducted a study of the effect of discovery learning and snowball
throwing method in improving writing skills of high school students. The purpose
of the study was to elaborate the improvement of students' writing skills by using
discovery learning and snowball throwing method. The research was conducted at
SMK 4 LPPM Padalarang. The participants were 60 students of SMK 4 LPPM
Padalarang. 30 students were from class X RPL 1 as a control class with
discovery learning approach and 30 students were from class XI RPL 2 as a class
experiment with snowball approach.The data were collected by giving pre-test,
treatment, and post-test and then looking for the difference in value using the gain
Test. There are 2 results of the work. First, snowball method is effective and
better than using discovery learning in improving students’ writing skill. Second,
there is a change in the value of writing narrative texts when using snowball
throwing method rather than discovery learning
Apsari (2018) conducted a study of the use of snowball throwing game in
teaching English grammar. The objective of the study was to describe the
implementation of snowball throwing and to explore the benefits of applying
snowball throwing in teaching grammar. The research was conducted at STKIP
Siliwangi Bandung. The participants were students in a class of second semester
students in English department who were taking subject of English grammar. The
data were collected from classroom observation and students’ interview. The
classroom observation was held from October 6th until December 22nd, 2017. In
this research, there were two points discussed: implementation of snowball
throwing and benefits of applying snowball throwing in teaching grammar. The
findings show that there are seven stages of the implementation of snowball
throwing : Preparing teaching material, forming group, reexplaining the material,
formulating questions, tossing the ball, answering the questions and evaluating.
The findings also clarify that there are some benefits of applying snowball
throwing in teaching grammar such as improving students’ understanding in
learning grammar, creating enjoyable learning atmosphere, increasing students’
vocabulary, developing students’ speaking skill, developing students’ cooperation
skill and increasing students’ participation in the class.
Nurmala & Apsari (2019) conducted a study of students’ participation in speaking
English using snowball throwing games. The purpose was to investigate the
implementation of snowball throwing games in teaching speaking and to find out
the students’ participation in the implementation of snowball throwing games.
The study was conducted at SMK PGRI 1 Cimahi and the respondents were
students of XI AP 1 class. The data was collected from classroom observation and
students’ interview. The result indicated that snowball throwing games can be
used effectively to improve students’ speaking skill through several stages. First,
the leader explains the material to their group. Second, every student writing one
question about the material. Third, the paper is rolled into a ball and thrown from
one student in a group to the other student in another group. Fourth, after the
student gets the ball, he or she is given chance to answer the question. Fifth, every
group has their turn to answer the question.. Those stages were very helpful in
provide the students with more enjoyable activities which made the students
involved in teaching and learning process actively.
Wardani (2019) conducted a study about comparing snowball throwing technique
with scientific approach in improving speaking skill. The objective was to analyse
the capability of students’ speaking improvement using Snowball Throwing
Games. The study was conducted at SMP Wiyata Bakti Cimahi. The samples
were 30 students from each class. The class 8C was experiment class that used
Snowball Throwing Technique and class 8A was the control class that used the
Scientific Approach. The research method was quantitative method with a quasi-
experimental design. Overall, results supported the
effectiveness of Snowball Throwing Games. First, the students’ speaking
capability through Snowball Throwing Technique is better than Scientific
Approach. Second, the students’ speaking capability improvement through
Snowball Throwing Technique is better than Scientific Approach.
Arofi (2018) conducted a study about Snowball Throwing Game to improve the
activity and learning achievements. The objectove of the study was to improve the
activity and learning achievements of Cooling System subjects in class XI Light
Vehicle Engineering (TKR) of Muhammadiyah 1 Imogiri Vocational School
using the Cooperative Snowball Throwing type model. The research method was
Classroom Action Research (CAR) and the participants were 29 students. The
results clarify that (1) the application of the Snowball Throwing Game could
improve students’ activity in the cooling system subjects and (2) the application of
the Snowball Throwing Game could improve the learning achievements of the
Cooling System.
The present study attemps to indentify the effect of Snowball Throwing Game for
elementary students in studying English vocabulary. The participants is 28
students of second grade Elementary School. The participants were ordinary
second grade students and they have not used the Snowball Throwing Game
before. The participants will get pre test and post test for the evaluation. The
different about previous research is the treatment will be given to children that
English is new things from them. Hopefully, this research will give significant
impact on students’ vocabulary comprehension.
2.2 Related Theories
2.2.1 Vocabulary
2.2.1.1 Vocabulary Instruction
2.2.1.2 Teaching Principles of Vocabulary
2.2.1.3 Vocabulary Instruction in SD N 3 Krapyak
2.2.2 Snowball Throwing Game
2.2.2.1 Definition Snowball Throwing Game
2.2.2.2 Elements Snowball Throwing Game
2.2.2.3 Teacher’s Role in Snowball Throwing Game
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Design
The design of the study is pre-experimental research that consists of two variables.
The independent variable is Snowball Throwing Game and the dependent variable
is the English vocabulary.
3.2. Population and Sample
The population of this research is students of second grade of SD N 3 Krapyak
Jepara. The total number of the students is 28 students. One class will be taken as
sample by using purposive sampling. The class is choosen because the problems
are most happened there.
3.3. Instruments
To determine the vocabulary mastery of the students, the instrument used will be
in the type of multiple-choice test with four options.
3.4. Technique of Collecting Data
The data will be collected through the following terms :
1. Pre-test
2. Treatment
3. Post-test
3.5.Technique of Analyzing Data
The researcher will use SPSS. 25 in analyzing the data.
REFERENCES
Alderson, J.C. & Bachman, L. F. (2000). Assesssing Vocabulary. Cambridge
University Press.
Anugrah, W. P., Wilana, D., & Kareviati, E. (2020). Improving English Speaking
Ability UsingThe Snowball Throwing Games Technique. PROJECT
(Professional Journal of English Education), 3(1), 43–48.
Apsari, R. Y. (2018). Snowball Throwing in Teaching Grammar. Lingual, 10(1),
53–59.
Arofi, A., Hadi, S., & Samidjo, S. (2018). Cooperative learning model of
snowball throwing to improve the activity and learning achievemens. Taman
Vokasi, 6(2), 183. https://doi.org/10.30738/jtv.v6i2.4170
Nurmalasari, M., & Apsari, Y. (2019). Improving Students’ Participation in
Speaking English Using Snowball Throwing Technique. PROJECT
(Professional Journal of English Education), 2(2), 115.
https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i2.p115-121
Wardani, B. R., Rachman, A., & Satriani, I. (2019). Comparing Snowball
Throwing Technique With Scientific Approach in Improving Speaking Skill.
PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education), 2(2), 201.
https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i2.p201-209
Name : Muhammad Riyan Saputro
NIM : 181320000391
Class : 5PBI A1
