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Diseases Caused by Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes

Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes are both types of fungi that cause similar plant diseases but differ in their reproductive methods, with Ascomycetes producing sexual spores while Deuteromycetes reproduce asexually. Major diseases caused by these fungi include sooty molds, leaf curl diseases, and various foliar diseases affecting crops like tomatoes, peaches, and rice. Control measures for these diseases involve planting resistant varieties, sanitation, fungicides, crop rotation, and proper cultural practices.

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221 views7 pages

Diseases Caused by Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes

Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes are both types of fungi that cause similar plant diseases but differ in their reproductive methods, with Ascomycetes producing sexual spores while Deuteromycetes reproduce asexually. Major diseases caused by these fungi include sooty molds, leaf curl diseases, and various foliar diseases affecting crops like tomatoes, peaches, and rice. Control measures for these diseases involve planting resistant varieties, sanitation, fungicides, crop rotation, and proper cultural practices.

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Kimkim me
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DISEASES CAUSED BY ASCOMYCETES AND DEUTEROMYCETES

(MITOSPORIC FUNGI)

Ascomycetes vs. Deuteromycetes

I. Similarities:
 Both produce haploid mycelia with cross walls.
 Both produce conidia through identical conidiophores or fruiting
bodies.
 Both cause similar plant diseases (leaf spots, blights, cankers, etc.)
II. Differences:
 Ascomycetes produce sexual spores (ascospores).
 Deuteromycetes lack sexual spores and reproduce only asexually.

Major Diseases Caused by Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes

 Sooty Molds: Superficial black growth on leaves and stems, caused by


fungi living on insect honeydew.

 Leaf Curl Diseases (Taphrina spp.): Causes leaf deformation, thickening,


and curling, affecting peach, plum, cherry, and oak trees.
 Powdery Mildews (Erysiphaceae): White to grayish powdery growth on
leaves, stems, and fruit, affecting a wide range of plants.

Foliar Diseases Caused by Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes

I. Alternaria Diseases
 Early Blight in tomato and potato
 Leaf and Fruit Spot

 Others: Fruit rot, core rot, and rot of lemons and oranges
II. Cladosporium Diseases
 Leaf mold disease of tomato (C. fulvum)
 Cucumber scab and gummosis (C. cucumerinum)
 Peach scab and twig blight (C. carpophilum)
 Pecan scab and leaf spot (C. caryigenum)
 Pod rot and blight of southern pea (C. cladosporioides)
III. Mycosphaerella Diseases: Cause a variety of diseases, including banana
leaf spot (Sigatoka) by M. fijiensis and M. musicola and leaf spots on
cereals, strawberries, and citrus.

IV. Septoria Diseases: Cause leaf spots and blights on wheat, cereals, celery,
tomato, and other crops.
V. Cercospora Diseases: Primarily cause leaf spots and blights on various
cereals, soybeans, and other crops.

VI. Cochliobolus, Pyrenophora, and Setosphaeria diseases of cereals and


grasses: Cause leaf blights, crown rots, and root rots on corn, rice, wheat,
barley, and other grasses.
VII. Needle Casts and Blights of Conifers
 Elytroderma, Hypoderma, Lophodermium, Mycosphaerella,
Lecanosticta, Dothistroma, Ploioderma, Rhabdocline, Rhizophaera,
Phaeocryptopus, Lirula, etc.
 Affect pine, spruce, and fir trees, causing needle discoloration,
death, and defoliation.

VIII. Rice Blast Disease (Magnaporthe grisea): Causes lesions on rice leaves,
stems, and panicles, leading to yield loss.
Control Measures

a) Resistant Varieties: Planting resistant cultivars is a key strategy for disease


management.
b) Sanitation: Removing and destroying infected plant debris helps reduce
inoculum.
c) Fungicides: Applying appropriate fungicides can effectively control many
diseases.
d) Crop Rotation: Rotating crops helps break disease cycles.
e) Other Measures: Proper fertilization, irrigation, and other cultural practices
can enhance plant health and disease resistance.

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